1. Feudal status of labor in colonies.
2. Origin of peonage; inheritance of debt.
3. The "inquilino" and "colono"; "cholo."
4. Ignorance, wages, and living conditions.
5. Peon in government and politics.
6. Peonage in Mexico; in South America.
a. In society.
b. Family life.
c. The matter of divorce.
a. Sports and games.
b. Carnivals and festivals.
c. Dress and etiquette.
d. Gambling and lotteries.
e. Social customs in business.
B. Religious:
1. Prevalence of Roman Catholic Church.
2. Church and State; tendency toward separation.
3. Clericalism in politics.
4. The work of the Church.
5. Toleration in Hispanic America.
6. Protestant missionary activities.
7. Foreign opinion of Hispanic-American morality.
1. Prevalence of Roman Catholic Church.
2. Church and State; tendency toward separation.
3. Clericalism in politics.
4. The work of the Church.
5. Toleration in Hispanic America.
6. Protestant missionary activities.
7. Foreign opinion of Hispanic-American morality.
3. Immigration:
a. History of immigration in the 19th century:
1. Causes of scarcity before 1857; colonial exclusion; revolutions; greater inducements of the United States; economic reasons.
2. Increase since 1857.
Ideas of Alberdi and Sarmiento on immigration.
3. Drift toward the Southern republics.
4. Immigration in the North American republics.
b. Political and economic effects of immigration.
c. Effects on society.
d. Spanish, Italian, German, Russian and Polish, English, French, Portuguese, Oriental, Turkish and Assyrian immigration.
e. Favorite occupations of aliens.
f. The question of assimilation and citizenship.
Required Readings: Shepherd, 81-84, 126-129, 169; Koebel, The South Americans, 152-169; Garcia Calderon, 290-298, 323-335.
Additional Readings: Atlas America Latina; Koebel, British Exploits, 481-551; Mulhall, The English in South America; Wintzer, Die Deutschen im tropischen Amerika.
a. History of immigration in the 19th century:
1. Causes of scarcity before 1857; colonial exclusion; revolutions; greater inducements of the United States; economic reasons.
2. Increase since 1857.
Ideas of Alberdi and Sarmiento on immigration.
3. Drift toward the Southern republics.
4. Immigration in the North American republics.
b. Political and economic effects of immigration.
c. Effects on society.
d. Spanish, Italian, German, Russian and Polish, English, French, Portuguese, Oriental, Turkish and Assyrian immigration.
e. Favorite occupations of aliens.
f. The question of assimilation and citizenship.
1. Causes of scarcity before 1857; colonial exclusion; revolutions; greater inducements of the United States; economic reasons.
2. Increase since 1857.
Ideas of Alberdi and Sarmiento on immigration.
3. Drift toward the Southern republics.
4. Immigration in the North American republics.
Ideas of Alberdi and Sarmiento on immigration.
4. Financial:
a. Monetary systems in Hispanic America.
1. Standards and values.
2. Paper currency.
3. Fluctuations.
b. Capital and Banking:
1. Number of banks.
2. Domestic and foreign control of banking.
3. Branch banks:
a. European.
b. United States.
4. Scarcity of capital.
c. Hispanic-American finance.
1. Credits, exchange, solvency.
2. Stock exchanges.
3. Bond issues.
4. Public debts.
5. Sinking funds.
6. Insurance.
7. Trusts and corporations.
d. Foreign influences upon financial policies.
e. Business enterprises:
1. Habits of business.
2. Buying and selling; advertising.
f. Tariff systems:
1. Tariff for revenue.
2. Rates: specific rather than ad valorem.
3. Variations and complexity.
g. Taxation:
1. On personal property.
2. On lands and real estate.
3. On industries.
4. Licenses and concessions.
h. Internal improvements and public works.
1. History of internal improvements in Latin America.
2. Public works; postal service; parcel post.
i. Movement for single, Pan-American monetary standard.
j. Movement for a Pan-American, standardized tariff system.
Readings: Shepherd, 43, 48, 150-153, 173; Wolfe, Foreign Credits, (Sp. Agts. Ser. No. 62, 1913, Department of Commerce); Hurley, Banking and Credit in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Peru, (Sp. Agts. Ser. No. 90, 1914, ibid.); Verrill, Aughinbaugh, and Babson; Crosby, Latin American Monetary System and Exchange Conditions; The South American Year-Book; Consular reports; Reports of the Board of Trade (Eng.); books on individual countries; Roper, The Postal Service and the Latin American Trade.