III. European Commerce at the Opening of the 16th Century.
1. Trade and trade routes between Europe and the Far East.
2. The Mediterranean and the Italian cities.
3. Conquests of the Ottoman Turks; closing of old routes.
4. Decline of the Italian cities.
5. Need of new routes; Battle of the Nile, 1516.
Readings: Cheyney, 3-40; Shepherd, Historical Atlas, 98-99, 107-110; Hayes, I, 27-49.
IV. The Commercial Revolution.
1. The geographic position of Spain and Portugal.
2. The circumnavigation of Africa: Prince Henry the Navigator; Diaz; Vasco da Gama.
3. The Western passage; sought by Spain.
4. The commercial revolution; effects.
5. Creation of trade companies; new methods of commerce.
6. Expansion and colonization; motives.
Readings: Bourne, Spain in America, 104-132; Cheyney, 123-146; Hayes, I, 27-69.
V. Spain and Portugal at the Opening of the 16th Century.
A. Background of Spanish history.
Spanish Society:
1. Geographic influences in Spanish history.
2. The evolution of the Spanish nationality:
a. The earliest historic inhabitants of the Iberian peninsula.
b. The invasions: Phoenician; Carthaginian; Roman; Visigothic; Vandal; Moorish.
c. Immigration of Jews and Berbers.
d. Contact and conflict with the Moors, 710-1492.
e. Expulsion of the Moors and the Jews.
f. Establishment of union and central government.
3. The individualism of the people.
4. Militarist spirit engendered by long wars.
5. Evolution of types.
6. Governmental system:
a. The king and his powers.
b. The executive and advisory councils.
c. The Spanish Cortes.
d. Legal codes and other systems of law.
e. Administrative machinery.
f. Local and municipal government.
g. System of taxation.
h. Efforts of Ferdinand and Isabella to unify Spain and centralize powers of government.
7. The Church and morals:
a. The Spanish clergy.
b. Inquisition.
c. Influences of Moors and Jews upon church and faith.
8. Industries and agriculture; attitude toward labor: The Mesta; wheat, vine, and olive culture.
9. Condition of social classes.
10. Intellectual development in Spain:
a. Formative influences on languages and literature.
b. Contributions of the Moors.
c. Ecclesiastical and philosophical writings.
11. Motives of colonization.
Required Readings: Chapman, The History of Spain, 1-286; Hume, Spain, its Greatness and Decay, 1479-1788, 1-64; The Spanish People, 144-404; Cheyney, 79-114; Ellis, The Soul of Spain, 29-105.
Additional Readings: Lea, History of the Inquisition in Spain; ——, The Moriscos of Spain; ——, History of Sarcedotal Celibacy, 80-85; 300-311; Milman, History of the Jews, Vol. III, 264-309; Altamira, Historia de España y de la Civilizacion española; Colmeiro, Derecho administrativo español; Plunkett, Isabel of Castile; Sempere, Histoire des Cortes d' Espagne; Lowery, The Spanish Settlements in the United States, Vol. I, 79-101; Walton, Civil Law in Spain and Spanish America; Lane-Poole, The Story of the Moors in Spain; Scott, History of the Moorish Empire in Europe; Danvila y Collado, El Poder Civil en España; Lafuente and Valera, Historia general de España; Salazar, Monarchia de España, Vol. I; Sacristian y Martinez, Municipalidades de Castilla y Leon; Merriman, The Rise of the Spanish Empire in the Old World and in the New, Vols. I and II.
B. Background of Portuguese history.
Portuguese society:
1. General characteristics.
2. Influence of climate in Portugal.
3. Position as European power in the 16th Century.
4. Portugal as a national state.
5. Political institutions.
6. Motives of colonization.
Required Readings: Cheyney, 60-74; Stephens, The Story of Portugal.
Additional Readings: Busk, History of Spain and Portugal; Martins, The Golden Age of Prince Henry the Navigator; ——, Historia de Portugal; Jayne, Vasco da Gama and His Successors; Major, Life of Prince Henry the Navigator; Hakluyt Society Publications.
Spanish Society:
1. Geographic influences in Spanish history.
2. The evolution of the Spanish nationality:
a. The earliest historic inhabitants of the Iberian peninsula.
b. The invasions: Phoenician; Carthaginian; Roman; Visigothic; Vandal; Moorish.
c. Immigration of Jews and Berbers.
d. Contact and conflict with the Moors, 710-1492.
e. Expulsion of the Moors and the Jews.
f. Establishment of union and central government.
3. The individualism of the people.
4. Militarist spirit engendered by long wars.
5. Evolution of types.
6. Governmental system:
a. The king and his powers.
b. The executive and advisory councils.
c. The Spanish Cortes.
d. Legal codes and other systems of law.
e. Administrative machinery.
f. Local and municipal government.
g. System of taxation.
h. Efforts of Ferdinand and Isabella to unify Spain and centralize powers of government.
7. The Church and morals:
a. The Spanish clergy.
b. Inquisition.
c. Influences of Moors and Jews upon church and faith.
8. Industries and agriculture; attitude toward labor: The Mesta; wheat, vine, and olive culture.
9. Condition of social classes.
10. Intellectual development in Spain:
a. Formative influences on languages and literature.
b. Contributions of the Moors.
c. Ecclesiastical and philosophical writings.
11. Motives of colonization.
Required Readings: Chapman, The History of Spain, 1-286; Hume, Spain, its Greatness and Decay, 1479-1788, 1-64; The Spanish People, 144-404; Cheyney, 79-114; Ellis, The Soul of Spain, 29-105.
Additional Readings: Lea, History of the Inquisition in Spain; ——, The Moriscos of Spain; ——, History of Sarcedotal Celibacy, 80-85; 300-311; Milman, History of the Jews, Vol. III, 264-309; Altamira, Historia de España y de la Civilizacion española; Colmeiro, Derecho administrativo español; Plunkett, Isabel of Castile; Sempere, Histoire des Cortes d' Espagne; Lowery, The Spanish Settlements in the United States, Vol. I, 79-101; Walton, Civil Law in Spain and Spanish America; Lane-Poole, The Story of the Moors in Spain; Scott, History of the Moorish Empire in Europe; Danvila y Collado, El Poder Civil en España; Lafuente and Valera, Historia general de España; Salazar, Monarchia de España, Vol. I; Sacristian y Martinez, Municipalidades de Castilla y Leon; Merriman, The Rise of the Spanish Empire in the Old World and in the New, Vols. I and II.
a. The earliest historic inhabitants of the Iberian peninsula.
b. The invasions: Phoenician; Carthaginian; Roman; Visigothic; Vandal; Moorish.
c. Immigration of Jews and Berbers.
d. Contact and conflict with the Moors, 710-1492.
e. Expulsion of the Moors and the Jews.
f. Establishment of union and central government.