a. The king and his powers.
b. The executive and advisory councils.
c. The Spanish Cortes.
d. Legal codes and other systems of law.
e. Administrative machinery.
f. Local and municipal government.
g. System of taxation.
h. Efforts of Ferdinand and Isabella to unify Spain and centralize powers of government.
a. The Spanish clergy.
b. Inquisition.
c. Influences of Moors and Jews upon church and faith.
a. Formative influences on languages and literature.
b. Contributions of the Moors.
c. Ecclesiastical and philosophical writings.
Portuguese society:
1. General characteristics.
2. Influence of climate in Portugal.
3. Position as European power in the 16th Century.
4. Portugal as a national state.
5. Political institutions.
6. Motives of colonization.
Required Readings: Cheyney, 60-74; Stephens, The Story of Portugal.
Additional Readings: Busk, History of Spain and Portugal; Martins, The Golden Age of Prince Henry the Navigator; ——, Historia de Portugal; Jayne, Vasco da Gama and His Successors; Major, Life of Prince Henry the Navigator; Hakluyt Society Publications.
1. General characteristics.
2. Influence of climate in Portugal.
3. Position as European power in the 16th Century.
4. Portugal as a national state.
5. Political institutions.
6. Motives of colonization.
Chapter I. The Period of Discovery.
A. Tracing the coast line by Spanish navigators.
1. The achievement of Columbus.
2. Achievements of: Hojeda, Cosa, Vespucci, Pinzon, Piñeda, Bastidas, Grijalva, Balboa, Magellan and Elcano, Guevara, and Saavedra.
Readings: Shepherd, Historical Atlas, 106-111; Morris, History of Colonization, I, 230-243; Bourne, Spain in America, 67-174; Payne, European Colonies, 35-53; ——, History of America, Vol. I; Helps, Spanish Conquest in America; Koebel, South America; Thacher, Columbus; Vignaud, Historie critique de la grande entreprise de Christopher Colomb; Guillemard, Magellan; Bancroft, Central Mexico, Vol. I; Brittain, Discovery and Exploration, 56-296; Benzoni, History of the New World (Hakluyt Society Pub.); Zahm, Up the Orinoco and Down the Magdelena; ——, Along the Andes and Down the Amazon.
B. Internal exploration and settlement.
1. Achievements of: Cortes; Pizarro; Cabeza de Vaca; Almagro; Orellana; Ursúa; Mendoza; Ayolas; Irala, and others.
2. Explorations of Portuguese in Brazil.
3. Settlement of the West Indies.
4. Settlement of Mexico and Central America.
5. Settlement of Spanish South America.
Readings: To those of Section A, add Cambridge Modern History, I, ch. xv.; Prescott, Conquest of Mexico; Bancroft, History of Mexico; MacNutt, Fernando Cortes and the Conquest of Mexico; Solis, Historia de la Conquista de Mexico; Bandelier, Contributions to the History of the Southwestern Portions of the United States; De Lannoy and Van der Linden, Historie de L'Expansion Coloniale des Peuples Europeens (Portugal et Espagne); Bolton, Spanish Exploration in the Southwest; Daenell, Die Spanier in Nord Amerika; Altamira, The Share of Spain in the History of the Pacific Ocean, (Pacific Ocean in History, 34-75); Groat, Historia de la Nueva Granada; Wright, The Early History of Cuba; Amunategui, Descubrimientos; Conquista de Chile; Ojeda, Los Conquistadores de Chile (2v.)
C. Relations of Spain and Portugal in 16th Century.
1. Rivalry for trade supremacy.
2. Appeal to the Pope.
Line of Demarcation, 1493.
3. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494.
4. Boundary commissions and disputes.
5. Treaty of Saragossa, 1529.
6. Mid-century relations.
7. Union of Portugal and Spain, 1580.
8. Attitude of Europe toward Spanish and Portuguese claims of monopoly.
9. New doctrines relative to the control of the seas and the ownership of territory.
Required Readings: Shepherd, Latin America, 9-19; Chapman, 229-271; Bourne, 31-33; 131-132; ——, Essays in Historical Criticism, 193-217; Keller, Colonization, 175-176; 197-200; Merriman, II, 219-239.
Additional Readings: Altamira, Historia de España.
1. The achievement of Columbus.
2. Achievements of: Hojeda, Cosa, Vespucci, Pinzon, Piñeda, Bastidas, Grijalva, Balboa, Magellan and Elcano, Guevara, and Saavedra.
Readings: Shepherd, Historical Atlas, 106-111; Morris, History of Colonization, I, 230-243; Bourne, Spain in America, 67-174; Payne, European Colonies, 35-53; ——, History of America, Vol. I; Helps, Spanish Conquest in America; Koebel, South America; Thacher, Columbus; Vignaud, Historie critique de la grande entreprise de Christopher Colomb; Guillemard, Magellan; Bancroft, Central Mexico, Vol. I; Brittain, Discovery and Exploration, 56-296; Benzoni, History of the New World (Hakluyt Society Pub.); Zahm, Up the Orinoco and Down the Magdelena; ——, Along the Andes and Down the Amazon.