Spud. Because every noble-minded person must be instructed in them. They are in contrast to the illiberal subjects of the market-place which are practised by the labour of the body or hands, which pertain to slaves and men who have but little wit. Amongst scholars some are “tyrones” and others “batalarii.”
II. Grades or Honours of Scholars—Tyro—Baccalaureus—Licentiates—Doctors
Tyro. What do these names signify?
Spud. Both these names are taken from the art of warfare. “Tyro” is an old word used with regard to the one who is beginning the practice of war. “Batalarius” is the French name of the soldier who has already once been in a fight (which they call a battle) and has engaged in a close fight and has raised his hand against the foe, and so in the literary contests at Paris, “batalarius” has begun to signify the man who has disputed publicly in any art. Teachers are chosen from them, and are called “licentiates,” because it is permitted them to teach, or, better still, they might be termed “designate,” i.e., the men marked out. At least they have taken the doctorate. Before the whole university, a hat is placed on their head as a sign that they have had their freedom conferred on them, and become emeriti. This is the supreme honour and the highest grade of dignity.
Tyro. Who is that with so great a company round him, before whom march staff-bearers with silver staffs?
The Rector
Spud. That is the Principal (Rector) of the Academy. Many are drawn to him because of the honour they bear him in his office.
Tyro. How often in the day are the boys taught?
III. Hours of Teaching and Repetition
Spud. Several times. One hour before sunrise; two hours in the morning; two hours in the afternoon.