[328] We have not been able to ascertain whether the Fragment here quoted is extant in Greek as well, for the Fragments of Parmenides, by G. G. Fülleborn. Züllichau 1795. 8vo. were as inaccessible by us as were Brandis’ Commentationes Eleaticae.
[329] Physiognomicon ch. 3., in Scriptores Physiognomiae veteres (Ancient Writers on Physiognomy), edit. J. G. Fr. Franzius. Altenburg 1780 large 8vo., p, 51., Κιναίδου σημεῖα, ὄμμα κατακεκλασμένον, γονύκροτος, ἐγκίσεις τῆς κεφαλῆς εἰς τὰ δεξιά· αἱ φοραὶ τῶν χειρῶν ὑπτίαι καὶ ἔκλυτοι, καὶ βαδέσεις διτταὶ, ἡ μὲν περινεύοντος, ἡ δὲ κρατοῦντος, τὴν ὀσφύν, καὶ τῶν ὀμμάτων περιβλέψεις· οἷος ἂν εἴη Διονύσιος ὁ σοφιστής. (for translation see text above). On p. 77. γονύκροτος (knock-kneed) is laid down as a characteristic of a woman. On p. 155 we read, οἱ ἐγκλινόμενοι εἰς τὰ δεξιὰ ἐν τῷ πορεύεσθαι, κίναιδοι. (those who bend to the right in walking are cinaedi.); on p. 50. καὶ ἰσχνὰ ὄμματα κατακεκλασμένα—ἅμα δὲ καὶ τὰ κεκλασμένα τῶν ὀμμάτων, δύο σημαίνει, τὸ μὲν μαλακὸν καὶ θῆλυ. (and withered, broken-down looking eyes,—and this broken-down appearance of the eyes denotes two things, the one being softness and effeminacy). Clement of Alexandria, Paedagog. bk. III. ch. 11., οὐδὲ κατακεκλασμένος, πλάγιον ποιήσας τὸν τράχηλον, περιπατεῖν ὥσπερ ἑτέρους ὁρῶ κιναίδους ἐνθάδε πολλοὺς ἄστει. (nor yet with broken-down look, bending the neck askance, to walk about as I see others do here, cinaedi,—yea, many of them in the city).
[330] Physiognom. bk. II. 9. l. c. p. 290., Ἀνδρογύνου σημεῖα. Ὑγρὸν βλέπει καὶ ἰταμὸν ὁ ἀνδρόγυνος, καὶ δονεῖται τὰ ὄμματα, καὶ περιτρέχει· μέτωπον σπᾶ, καὶ παρειάς, αἱ ὀφρύες οἰδαίνουσι κατὰ χώραν, τράχηλος κέκλιται, ὀσφὺς οὐκ ἀτρεμεῖ· κινεῖται πάντα τὰ μέλη ἅλματι· γονάτων κρότος καὶ χειρῶν φαίνεται· ὡς ταῦρος περιβλέπει εἰς ἑαυτὸν καὶ καταβλέπει· φωνεῖ λεπτὸν, κράζει δὲ λιγυρὰ, σκολιὰ πάνυ καὶ πάνυ ἔντρομα. (for translation see text above.) p. 275., οἱ τὰ γόνατα ἔσω νεύοντες, γυναικεῖοί τε καὶ θηλυδρίαι. (men that bow the knees inwards are womanish and effeminate).
[331] Physiognom. bk. II. 38. l. c. p. 440., Εἶδος ἀνδρογύνου. Ὁ ἀνδρόγυνος ὑγρὸν βλέπει, καὶ ἰταμὸν καὶ δονεῖται τὰ ὄμματα καὶ περιτρέχει· μέτωπον σπᾶ καὶ παρειάς. αἱ ὀφρύες μένουσι κατὰ χώραν, τράχηλος κέκλιται, ὀσφὺς οὐκ ἀτρεμεῖ· κινεῖται πάντα τὰ μέλη καὶ ἐπιθρώσκει· ἁλματίας ἐστὶ, γονύκροτος, χειρῶν φοραὶ ὕπτιαι· περιβλέπει ἑαυτὸν· φωνὴ λεπτὴ, ἐπικλάζουσα, λιγυρὰ, σχολαία πάνυ. (Appearance of the Man-woman. The man-woman has a lecherous and wanton look, he rolls his eyes and lets his gaze wander; forehead and cheeks twitch, eyebrows remain drawn to a point, neck bowed, hips in continual movement. All the limbs move and jump; he is spasmodic, knock-kneed, the movements of the hands with backs downwards; he gazes round him; his voice is thin, plangent, shrill, very uncertain.) p. 382., οἱ τὰ γόνατα ἔσω νεύοντες ὥσπερ συγκρούειν, γυναικεῖοι καὶ θηλυδρίαι. (men that bow the knees inwards as if to strike them together are womanish and effeminate.)
[332] Tarsica I. p. 410., These distinguishing marks were adequate for the Romans too, as we see from the passage of Aulus Gellius quoted on p. 143 above; side by side with which may be put another passage of the same author, Bk. VIII. ch. 12.
[333] Still another explanation would seem possible, according to Clement of Alexandria, Paedag. bk. II. ch. 7. p. 179., ναὶ μὴν καὶ τῶν ὤτων οἱ γαργαλισμοὶ καὶ τῶν πταρμῶν οἱ ερεθισμοὶ, ὑώδεις εἰσὶ κνησμοὶ, πορνείας ἀκολάστου (Yea! and moreover ticklings of the ears, and irritations causing sneezing, these are swinish itches, signs of excessive licentiousness). For the rest Seneca, Epist. 114., also says, Non vides—si ille effeminatus est, in ipso incessu apparere mollitiam? (See you not—if he is effeminate, that his lasciviousness is apparent in his very walk?)
[334] Lucian, Adversus indoctum ch. 23., ...... μυρία γάρ ἐστι τὰ ἀντιμαρτυροῦντα τῷ σχήματι, βάδισμα καὶ φωνὴ, καὶ τράχηλος ἐπικεκλασμένος, καὶ ψιμύθιον, καὶ μαστίχη καὶ φῦκος οἷς ὑμεῖς κοσμεῖσθε, καὶ ὅλως, κατὰ τὴν παροιμίαν, θᾶττον ἂν πέντε ἐλέφαντας ὑπὸ μάλης κρύψειας, ἢ ἕνα κίναιδον. (for translation see text above).
[335] Clement of Alexandria, Paedog. Bk. II. ch. 7. p. 173., also says ἀλλὰ τὸ τεθρυμμένον τῆς φωνῆς, θηλυδρίου. (but the broken character of the voice is a mark of the womanish man).
[336] Martial, Bk. VII. Epigr. 57.,
—sed habet tristis quoque turba cinaedos,