[9] Leonhard Fuchs, born at Membdingen in Bavaria in 1501, was a student of the classics under Reuchlin in Ingolstadt in 1519, and became Doctor of Medicine in 1524. Owing to his conversion to Protestantism he led an unsettled life for some years, but was finally made Professor of Medicine in Tübingen in 1535, and died there in 1566. See Meyer, ‘Geschichte der Botanik,’ iv.
[10] Rembert Dodoens (Dodonaeus), born at Malines in 1517, was a physician, and a man of varied culture; he published a number of botanical works, some of them in Flemish, after 1552, and finally in 1583 his ‘Stirpium Historiae Pemptades vi’ (Antwerp). From 1574 to 1579 he was physician to the Emperor Maximilian II. In 1582 he became Professor in Leyden and died in 1585. See Ernst Meyer, ‘Geschichte der Botanik,’ iv. p. 340.
[11] Hieronymus Bock (Tragus) was born at Heiderbach in the Zweibrücken in 1498; he was destined to the cloister, but embraced Protestantism and became a schoolmaster in Zweibrücken and superintendent of the Prince’s garden; he was afterwards preacher in Hornbach, where he practised also as a physician and pursued his botanical studies; he died in 1554. See Ernst Meyer, ‘Geschichte der Botanik,’ iv. p. 303.
[12] Pierandrea Mattioli, who was born at Siena in 1501 and died there in 1577, was for many years physician at the court of Ferdinand I. He wrote rather in the interests of medicine than of botany; his herbal, originally a commentary on Dioscorides, was gradually enlarged and went through more than sixty editions and issues in different languages. See Meyer, ‘Geschichte der Botanik,’ vi.
[13] Charles de l’Écluse (Carolus Clusius) was born in Arras in 1526. His family suffered from religious persecution in France, and he spent the greater part of his life in Germany and the Netherlands; in 1573 he removed to Vienna by the invitation of Maximilian II; in 1593 he became professor in Leyden and died there in 1609. See Meyer, ‘Geschichte der Botanik,’ iv, who gives full information respecting the eventful life of this distinguished man.
[14] Jacques Dalechamps, a native of Caen, who died in 1588, was a philologist rather than an original investigator of nature, as is remarked by Meyer in his ‘Geschichte der Botanik,’ vi. p. 395.
[15] Mathias de l’Obel (Lobelius), the friend and fellow-countryman of Dodoens and de l’Écluse, was born at Lille in 1538 and died in England in 1616. A full account of this botanist will be found in Meyer.
[16] Kaspar Bauhin was born at Basle in 1550, and like his elder brother John studied under Fuchs; he collected plants in Switzerland, Italy, and France, and became professor in Basle; he died in 1624. Some account is given of him and of his brother by Haller in the preface to his ‘Historia Stirpium Helvetiae’ (1768), and by Sprengel in his ‘Geschichte der Botanik,’ i. p. 364 (1818).
[17] Andrea Cesalpino (Caesalpinus) of Arezzo was born in 1519. He was a pupil of Ghini and professor at Pisa, and afterwards physician to Pope Clement VIII. He died in 1603.
[18] We find it stated in Theophrastus that if the pith of the vine is destroyed the grapes contain no stones; this evidently points to a still higher antiquity for the view that the seeds are formed from the pith; see the De causis plantarum, v. ch. 5, in the ‘Theophrasti quae supersunt opera’ of Schneider, Leipzig, 1818.