[19] These words are quoted by Linnaeus in the ‘Philosophia Botanica,’ par. 159.
[20] See his biography by Guhrauer, ‘Joachim Jungius und sein Zeitalter,’ Tübingen, 1850; on his place in philosophy consult Ueberweg (‘Geschichte der Philosophie,’ iii. p. 119), who regards him as a forerunner of Leibnitz.
[21] Morison served in the royal army against Cromwell, and after the defeat of his party retired to Paris, where he studied botany under Robin. He was made physician to Charles II and Professor of Botany in 1660, and Professor of the same faculty in Oxford ten years later. See Sprengel, ‘Geschichte der Botanik,’ ii. p. 30.
[22] The wood-engraving of the 16th century had fallen into decay, and engraving on copper-plate had taken its place. A thick volume of figures of plants in the largest folio size engraved on copper, the ‘Hortus Eistädtensis,’ appeared in the beginning of the 17th century.
[23] John Ray, born at Black Notley in Essex, was also a zoologist of eminence. He studied theology and travelled in England and on the continent, and afterwards devoted himself entirely to science, being supported by a pension from Willoughby. See Carus, ‘Geschichte der Zoologie,’ p. 428.
[24] A. Q. Bachmann (Rivinus) was the third son of Andreas Bachmann, a physician and philologist of Halle. He is said to have spent 80,000 florins on the publication of his works and the providing them with the 500 copper-plates with which they were illustrated. A life of him and just estimate of his work, by Du Petit-Thouars, is to be found in the ‘Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne.’
[25] Tournefort was born at Aix in Provence, and received his early education in a Jesuit college. He was intended for the Church, but after his father’s death, in 1677, he was able to devote himself entirely to botany. After travelling in France and Spain, he became Professor at the Jardin des Plantes in 1683; but while thus engaged he made various journeys in Europe, and in 1700 visited Greece, Asia, and Africa—everywhere diligently collecting the plants which he afterwards described.
[26] In addition to the Autobiography of Linnaeus, various accounts of his life have been written, some of which are mentioned in Pritzel’s ‘Thesaurus Lit. Bot.’ A strange revelation of his character and sentiments is to be found in his treatise on the ‘Nemesis divina,’ which he bequeathed to his son. Of this work Professor Fries has unfortunately published an epitome only, which is noticed in the Regensburg Flora, No. 44 (1851). On Linnaeus’ services to zoology, see Carus, ‘Geschichte der Zoologie,’ München, 1872.
[27] Printed in Jessen’s ‘Botanik der Gegenwart and Vorzeit,’ p. 287.
[28] ‘Epistola ad Godofredum Gulielmum Leibnitzium etc. cum Laurentii Heisteri praefatione,’ Helmstadii, 1750.