[49] A comparison of the two theories and a refutation of Schleiden’s assertion, that that of the brothers Bravais expresses better ‘the simplicity of the law,’ will be found in ‘Flora,’ 1847, No. 13, from the pen of Sendtner, and in Braun’s ‘Verjüngung,’ p. 126.
[50] This is not at all true of modern inductive science, which merely forms a different idea of the connection, and has regard to the relation between the percipient subject and the phenomena.
[51] See A. Bayer, ‘Leben und Wirken F. Unger’s,’ Gratz (1872), p. 52.
[52] See Darwin’s repudiation of this statement on p. 421 of Ed. 6 of the ‘Origin of Species.’
[53] Casimir Christoph Schmidel was born in 1718 and died in 1792; he was Professor of Medicine in Erlangen, and was the first who described the sexual organs in various Liverworts.
[54] Lantzius Beninga, born in East Friesland in 1815, was a professor in Göttingen, and died in 1871.
[55] Gottlieb Wilhelm Bischoff was born at Dürkheim on the Hardt in 1797, and died as Professor of Botany at Heidelberg in 1854. He wrote various manuals and text-books which are careful and industrious compilations, but being entirely conceived in the spirit of the times preceding Schleiden they are now obsolete; his investigations however into the Hepaticae, Characeae, and Vascular Cryptogams, illustrated by very beautiful drawings from his own hand, are still of value; and the same may be said of his ‘Handbuch der botanischen Terminologie und Systemkunde’ on account of its numerous figures.
[56] Karl Adolf Agardh (1785-1859) was until 1835 Professor in Lund, afterwards Bishop of Wermland and Dalsland. Jacob Georg Agardh, born in 1813, was Professor in Lund. William Henry Harvey (1811-1866) was Professor of Botany in Dublin. Friedrich Traugott Kützing, born in 1807, was Professor in the Polytechnic School of Nordhausen.
[57] C. G. Nees von Esenbeck published his ‘System der Pilze und Schwämme’ in 1816; Th. F. L. Nees von Esenbeck, in conjunction with A. Henty, a ‘System der Pilze’ in 1837. The first (1776-1858) was for a long time President of the Leopoldina, Professor of Botany in Breslau, and one of the chief representatives of the nature-philosophy. Elias Fries, born in 1794, became Professor of Botany in Upsala in 1835; he died in 1878. Léveillé (1796-1870) was a physician in Paris. August Joseph Corda was born at Reichenberg in Bohemia in 1809, and became custodian of the National Museum in Prague in 1835; he undertook a journey to Texas in 1848, from which he never returned, having probably perished by shipwreck in 1849. Weitenweber, in the ‘Abhandlungen der Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaft,’ Bd. 7, Prag, 1852, gives a full account of this eminent mycologist. Corda was the first who thoroughly applied the microscope to copying and describing every form of Fungus that was known to him, and especially the minuter ones. His ‘Icones Fungorum hucusque cognitorum’ (1837-1854) are still an indispensable manual in the study of the subject.
[58] Jean Pierre Étienne Vaucher, the instructor and friend of P. de Candolle, was a minister and professor in Geneva.