[59] Trentepohl’s communication is to be found in the ‘Botanische Bermerkungen und Berichtigungen’ of A. W. Roth, Leipsic, 1807.
[60] Pier’ Antonio Micheli, born at Florence in 1679, was Director of the Botanic Garden there, and died in 1737. Johann Jacob Dillen (Dillenius), born in Darmstadt in 1687, was Professor of Botany in Oxford, and died in 1747. These two botanists were the first who submitted the Mosses and the lower Cryptogams to scientific examination, and endeavoured to prove the presence of sexual organs in these plants.
[61] Jacob Christian Schaeffer, born in 1718, was Superintendent in Regensburg; he died in 1790.
[62] See Sachs, ‘Lehrbuch der Botanik,’ ed. 4 (1874), p. 245.
[63] Fr. Wilh. Wallroth, born in the Harz in 1792, was district physician at Nordhausen. He died in 1857. See ‘Flora’ for 1857, p. 336.
[64] Robert Hooke, born in 1635 at Freshwater in the Isle of Wight, was a man of marvellous industry and varied acquirement in spite of a delicate constitution. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1662, and was afterwards its Secretary and Professor of Geometry in Gresham College. He died in 1703. There is a good account of him by de l’Aulnaye in the ‘Biographie Universelle.’
[65] Marcello Malpighi, born at Crevalcuore near Bologna in 1628, became Doctor of Medicine in 1653, and after 1656 was Professor in Bologna, Pisa, Messina, and a second time in Bologna; in 1691 he was named Physician to Innocent XII. He died in 1694. On his services to comparative anatomy, and the anatomy of the human body, see the ‘Biographie Universelle’ and Carus, ‘Geschichte der Zoologie,’ p. 395.
[66] We read at p. 3: ‘Componuntur expositae fistulae (spirales) zona tenui et pellucida, velut argentei coloris, lamina parum lata, quae spiraliter locata et extremis lateribus unita tubum interius et exterius aliquantulum asperum efficit; quin et avulsa zona capites seu extremo trachearum tum plantarum tum insectorum non in tot disparatos annulos resolvitur, ut in perfectorum trachea accidit; sed unica zona in longum soluta et extensa extrahitur.’
[67] Nehemiah Grew, the son of a clergyman in Coventry, appears to have been born in 1628. Having taken a Doctor’s degree in a foreign University, he practised as a physician in his native town, and pursued at the same time his phytotomical researches. He became Secretary to the Royal Society in 1677, and published his ‘Cosmographia Sacra’ in 1701. He died in 1711. See the ‘Biographie Universelle.’
[68] Leeuwenhoek’s observations in animal anatomy were perhaps more important than those which he made in botany. Carus (‘Geschichte der Zoologie,’ p. 399) says of him: ‘While Malpighi used the microscope with system and in accordance with the requirements of a series of investigations, the instrument in the hands of the other famous microscopist of the 17th century was more or less a means of gratifying the curiosity excited in susceptible minds by the wonders of a world which had hitherto been invisible. Still the discoveries, which were the fruit of an assiduous use of the microscope continued during fifty years, embraced many subjects and were important and influential. Anton von Leeuwenhoek was born in Delft in 1632. Being intended for trade, he had not the advantage of a learned education and is said even to have been ignorant of Latin; his favourite occupation was the preparing superior lenses, with which he incessantly examined new objects without being guided at any time by a scientific plan. The Royal Society of London, to whom he communicated his observations, made him a member of their body. He died in his native town in 1723, being ninety years of age.