The War with Mexico, Volume 2 (of 2)

by Justin Harvey Smith

Young, Philip. Mexico. Cincin. 1847.

Zamacois, Niceto de. Hist. de Méx. 18 v. Barcelona y Méx.

Zarco, Fr. Hist. del Cong. Extraord. de 1856 y 1857. I. Méx. 1857.

Zavala, L. de. Ensayo Histórico de las Revol. de Mégico. 2 v. in one. Paris. 1831, 1832. Exposición. Méx. 1829. Manifiesto de los Principios Políticos del Ecsmo. Sr. J. R. Poinsett, etc. Méx. 1828. Viage á los Estados Unidos del Norte de América. Paris. 1834.

Zirckel, Otto. Tagebuch geschrieben während der nordamericanisch-mexikanischen Campagne ... 1847 und 1848. Halle. 1849.

Zurita, R. M. Esposición. Méx. 1845.

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INDEX

• Aberdeen, Earl of, and Oregon controversy and Mexico, 1. [115];
  • and California, [321], 2. [302];
  • counsel to Mexico, 1. [434];
  • warning on annexation, 2. [299], [508];
  • offers mediation, [301], [503];
  • and interposition, [302], [304], [504–6].
• Abert, J. J., chief topographical engineer, 1. [475].
• Aburto, Juan, guerilla, 2. [421].
• Academy of Fine Arts, 1. [14].
• Acapulco,
  • as port, 1. [3];
  • not occupied, 2. [207], [448].
• Acordada,
  • insurrection of the, 1. [41];
  • building, [413].
• Activo corps in Mexican army, 1. [157].
• Acuerdo, meaning of citation to, 2. [346 n.]
• Adams, J. Q.,
  • Texas speech, 1. [70], [111];
  • and Oregon, [152];
  • on secession, 2. [272];
  • effect of death on treaty of peace, [246].
• Aetna,
  • in attack on Tuxpán, 2. [444];
  • in Home Squadron, [445], [446].
• Agiotista, as term of reproach, 2. [327].
• Agriculture,
  • Mexican products, 1. [1–2];
  • farms, [5];
  • conditions, [16], [410].
• Agua Nueva,
  • Taylor’s advance at, 1. [374];
  • Santa Anna’s advance, Taylor’s retreat, [381–4], [554];
  • Santa Anna’s retirement to, parley, [398], [561].
• Aguascalientes battalion, at Monterey, 1. [494].
• Aguirre, J. M. de,
  • and occupation of Saltillo, 1. [266], [508];
  • and guerilla warfare, 2. [170];
  • efforts to apprehend, [418].
• Aiken, William, opposes war, 1. [188].
• Alabama troops,
  • first enlistments, 1. [195];
  • at Tampico, [282], [512];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [343];
  • in Alvarado expedition, [344];
  • leave Scott, [356];
  • call (1847), [364], [365];
  • in Taylor’s later force, [417];
  • slow response to call, [431].
• Alamán, Lucas, industrial scheme, 1. [16];
  • appearance, [25];
  • as real ruler, character, [43];
  • and boundary negotiations, [60], [418–9;]
  • and Butler, [62], [420];
  • and monarchy, [90], [214];
  • on judicial system, [409];
  • on Mexican character, [410];
  • and American troops, 2. [230].
• Alamo massacre, American indignation, 1. [117].
• Albany, and Vera Cruz expedition, 2. [18];
  • in attack on Tuxpán, [444];
  • in Home Squadron, [445], [446].
• Albany Statesman, on tariff for Mexican ports, 2. [500].
• Alcorta, L. J.,
  • and executive power (1847), 2. [180];
  • and armistice, [394];
  • and war policy, [430].
• Alemán, Lieutenant, at Chapultepec, 2. [410].
• Aliens, Mexican antipathy and treatment, 1. [58], [74], [103], [416].
  • See also [Attitude towards United States].
• Allen, G. W., at Palo Alto, 1. [164].
• Allen, James, and Mormon battalion, 1. [290].
• Allen, William,
  • and war bill, 1. [183];
  • and Democratic dissension, 2. [496].
• Alleye de Cyprey, Baron. See [Cyprey].
• Almonte, J. N.,
  • character, 1. [26];
  • and annexation of Texas, [84], [87];
  • belittles American chances in war, [104], [105], [107], [110], [115];
  • excites fear, of Spanish America, [111];
  • and European protection, [122];
  • and outbreak of war, [201], [442];
  • treachery to Paredes, [215];
  • combination with Santa Anna, [216], [222];
  • return to Mexico with Santa Anna, [486];
  • Presidential candidacy (1846), 2. [5], [82], [84];
  • arrested (1846), [84];
  • anti-peace attitude (1847), [235], [236], [466];
  • combination against Santa Anna, [134];
  • and privateering, [191], [192];
  • subsides, [242];
  • candidacy for Senate, [474].
• Altata, blockaded, 2. [448].
• Alvarado, J. B.,
  • leader in California, 1. [319];
  • and American occupation, [335].
• Alvarado,
  • expedition, 2. [38], [344–5];
  • blockade, [194];
  • naval attacks, [197–9], [442];
  • map, [198].
• Alvarez, Juan,
  • at Acapulco, revolt (1846), 1. [216], 2. [448];
  • seizes California expedition, 1. [522];
  • supports Santa Anna (1847), 2. [86], [88];
  • character, [88];
  • in plan of defence of capital, [90];
  • and Scott’s advance to San Agustin, [95], [97], [374];
  • and combination against Santa Anna, [134];
  • at Molino del Rey, [142], [146];
  • at siege of Puebla, [174], [175], [425];
  • force (Oct. 1847), [182];
  • and Scott at Puebla, [363];
  • “pintos” in force, [369];
  • and Contreras, [380];
  • and Chapultepec, [408];
  • in the city, [414];
  • later movements, [425], [433];
  • and Santa Anna’s surrender of command, [429].
• Alvarez, Manuel, American consul at Santa Fe, and Armijo and Kearny’s expedition, 1. [289].
• American Review, on spirit of expansion and unrest, 1. [123], [124];
  • on Slidell mission, [133];
  • on advance to Rio Grande, [459–61];
  • on British criticism of military operations, 2. [307];
  • on peace negotiations (1847), [400].
• American Star, accompanies Scott’s army, 2. [227].
• Amigo del Pueblo,
  • on Herrera’s rule, 1. [56];
  • on incitation to war, [87];
  • on Slidell mission, [436];
  • on California, [522].
• Amnesty, for Mexican political offenders, 2. [367].
• Amozoc, Worth at, Santa Anna’s attack, 2. [69–70], [360].
• Ampudia, Pedro de,
  • cruel execution of Sentmanat, 1. [117];
  • commands at Matamoros, [148];
  • and Taylor, [148], [149], [158], [455];
  • intention to attack, subordinated to Arista, [149], [455];
  • and guerillas, [153];
  • character and appearance, [158], [234];
  • propaganda among American troops, [160];
  • in advance, [162];
  • before Fort Brown, [164], [166], [176], [468];
  • at Palo Alto, [165];
  • and rumors of Arista’s treachery, [168], [172];
  • at Resaca de la Palma, [174];
  • preparations and force at Monterey, [230–1], [234], [494];
  • position and policy in command at Monterey, [234];
  • “Culinary Knight,” [241];
  • during attack on city, [241], [242], [248], [255], [258], [259], [501];
  • capitulation and retirement, [259], [502], [504];
  • and Pass of Rinconada, [265], [508];
  • at Buena Vista, [366], [388–91];
  • and Wool’s march, [510];
  • force at San Luis Potosí, [550];
  • trial, [550];
  • hostility to Santa Anna, 2. [82];
  • sent away, [84].
• Amusements, Mexican, 1. [19], [23], [24], [27].
• Anaya, J. P., at Mazatlán, 2. [448].
• Anaya, P. M.,
  • substitute President, 2. [15];
  • council to consider defence of capital, [79];
  • on effect of Cerro Gordo, [80];
  • and Santa Anna, [82], [92];
  • and Santa Anna’s return to capital, [83];
  • at Churubusco, [110];
  • chosen interim President, [236];
  • suppresses war-party insurrection, [236];
  • term expires, [240];
  • appearance, at exchange of ratifications, [251];
  • brigade, [369];
  • in meeting of governors on peace, [464].
• Anderson, Robert,
  • military book, 1. [451];
  • and volunteer officers, [481];
  • on American rule in Puebla, 2. [225];
  • on effect of victories, [305];
  • on Cerro Gordo, [354];
  • on Worth, [360].
• Andrade, Manuel,
  • at Cedral, 1. [553];
  • at Buena Vista, [557];
  • at Molino del Rey, 2. [141], [146], [404].
• Andrews, T. P.,
  • at Chapultepec, 2. [154];
  • regiment, [363];
  • at Churubusco, [385].
  • See also [Voltigeurs].
• Angeles. See [Los Angeles].
• Angostura, at Buena Vista, 1. [383–6].
• Annexations of Mexican War,
  • Mexican desire for, effect on, of occupation, 2. [125], [215], [323];
  • as only guaranty of order, [234];
  • plan to absorb Mexico, [243–4], [309];
  • opposition to any, [274], [287–9], [492], [498], [502];
  • and Wilmot Proviso, [287–8], [498];
  • foreign opinion on, [297], [308];
  • Yucatan, [472];
  • Polk and policy, [502].
  • See also [California]; [Expansion]; [Peace]; [Texas].
• Antigua, expedition, 2. [38], [344].
• Antislavery sentiment, as expected factor in war, 1. [105], [107];
  • and Mexico, [119].
  • See also [Slavery].
• Antón Lizardo, rendezvous of Vera Cruz expedition, 2. [17], [332].
• Apache Canyon, N. Mex., expected fight at, 1. [293–5], [516].
• Apodaca, Juan Ruiz de, and liberal constitution, 1. [32].
• Appropriations for American navy, 1. [190], 2. [189].
  • See also [Finances].
• Arab, Santa Anna returns in, 1. [486].
• Arbitrary rule, tradition, 1. [30].
• Arbitration of claims on Mexico, 1. [79–81], [429–31].
• Archer, William S.,
  • and advance to Rio Grande, 1. [152];
  • and war bill, [182];
  • and British mediation, 2. [504].
• Argüelles, D., at Belén garita, 2. [159], [160].
• Arista, Mariano,
  • position, commands at Matamoros, 1. [149];
  • orders troops to cross and attack, [149];
  • on beginning of war, [155];
  • force, [158];
  • propaganda among American troops, [160];
  • and outlook, [161];
  • advance on Taylor’s communications, [162], [464];
  • battle of Palo Alto, [164–70], [465];
  • treachery rumored, [168], [172];
  • battle of Resaca de la Palma, [170–6], [467];
  • position after battle, [177];
  • retires from Matamoros, [177–8], [469];
  • relieved of command, [178];
  • pursuit, [204];
  • effect of defeat, [213];
  • rebuilds army, [225], [489];
  • and Fort Brown, [468];
  • hostility to Santa Anna, 2. [82];
  • sent away, [84];
  • refuses command, [182].
• Aristocracy,
  • conditions, aspect, 1. [5], [23–7];
  • fears American influence, [103].
  • See also [Oligarchy].
• Arkansas troops,
  • and Santa Anna’s advance, 1. [383], [554];
  • at Buena Vista, [386], [555], [558];
  • in Wool’s march, [509];
  • call (1847), 2. [365];
  • in Taylor’s later force, [417].
• Arlégui, J. M. de, and Doniphan’s expedition, 1. [521].
• Armijo, Manuel,
  • control of New Mexico, character, 1. [285], 2. [216];
  • and advance of Kearny’s expedition, 1. [289], [292–3], [516];
  • wavering and flight, [294–5], [516–7].
• Armistice, Taylor’s,
  • at Monterey, 1. [259], [501–6];
  • terminated, [263–4];
  • after Churubusco, 2. [133];
  • Santa Anna’s activity and position, [134];
  • peace negotiations during, [135–8], [396–400];
  • question of extension, [136], [398];
  • Santa Anna violates, [137];
  • terminated, [138], [399];
  • results, [138];
  • terms, [394];
  • wisdom, [394];
  • clashes during, [396];
  • opposing views on, [399];
  • question and renewed peace negotiations, [240], [242];
  • after signing of peace treaty, terms, [242], [471].
• Arms,
  • Mexican, 1. [156–7], [462];
  • of American army, [450].
• Army, American,
  • character of official reports, 1. [ix], [404];
  • belittled by foreigners, [105];
  • condition, arms (1845), [139], [450–1];
  • war acts on regulars, [190], [191], [474];
  • attitude of regulars, [208], [481];
  • size before call for Vera Cruz expedition, [537];
  • regular force during war, recruiting, [537];
  • Ten Regiment Bill and amendment, 2. [74–6], [363];
  • question of lieutenant generalcy and major generalcy commanding for Benton, [75], [365];
  • character of new officers under Ten Regiment Bill, [76];
  • statistical facts, [318], [511], [512];
  • regulars and volunteers contrasted, [319–20], [512–3];
  • character of special arms, [320], [513];
  • general character and achievement, [321];
  • Voltigeurs, [363];
  • bounty, [364];
  • authorized regular (1847), [431];
  • supposed size (Nov. 1847), [432].
  • See also [Morale]; [Mounted Riflemen]; [Voltigeurs]; [Volunteers]; and officers and campaigns by name, regular regiments by number, and volunteers by name of state.
• Army, Mexican,
  • position and character of officers, 1. [8–10], [408];
  • of rank and file, [10];
  • cavalry and artillery, [11];
  • and Itúrbide, [35];
  • power, [36];
  • supports Guerrero, [41];
  • and Bustamante, [43];
  • backs Santa Anna (1832), [45];
  • Farías’ attempted reforms, [45];
  • makes Santa Anna dictator, [46];
  • and Seven Laws, [47];
  • and financial crisis, [48];
  • revolts against Santa Anna, [53];
  • and Herrera, [55];
  • foreign opinion, [106], [440];
  • Mexican opinion, [106];
  • organization and condition (1845), [156–7], [461–2];
  • size then, [157];
  • and Paredes, [214];
  • fragmentary character, [494];
  • condition and command after elimination of Santa Anna (1847), 2. [182], [429–30];
  • as fighters, [311];
  • and civil discouragement, [509].
  • See also commanders and campaigns by name, especially [Ampudia]; [Arista]; [Santa Anna].
• Army of the East, Mexican, 2. [88], [369].
• Army of the North, Mexican, 2. [88], [369].
  • See also [Valencia].
• Army of the South, Mexican, 2. [88].
  • See also [Alvarez].
• Arrangóiz, J., Mexican consul at New Orleans, on hope in privateering, 1. [109].
• Arriero, 1. [18].
• Arroyo, Miguel, and douceur fund, 2. [391].
• Arroyo Colorado, Mejía’s ruse at crossing, 1. [147].
• Art of war, 1. [405].
• Arteaga, M., at Cerro Gordo, 2. [347], [352].
• Artillery,
  • Mexican, 1. [11], [156], [461–2];
  • in Monterey campaign, 1. [228];
  • field, of American army at outbreak of war, [450];
  • in Scott’s army. 2. [77], [365];
  • character of American, [320].
  • See also regiments by number.
• Artillery Battalion,
  • in Monterey campaign, 1. [241], [242], [244], [492], [496], [501], [508];
  • at Resaca de la Palma, [467].
  • See also [Childs].
• Ashburnham, Charles, British chargé at Mexico,
  • on Mexican relations, 1. [74];
  • on Mexican obduracy, [134].
• Ashburton, Baron,
  • and California, 1. [524];
  • and control of Mexico, 2. [309].
• Ashmun, George, and advance to Rio Grande, 1. [456].
• Assessments, American, on Mexicans, 2. [264–6], [485–8].
• Atalaya,
  • hill at Cerro Gordo, 2. [45];
  • occupied by Americans, [50–3].
• Athenæum, and American absorption of Mexico, 2. [297].
• Atlixco,
  • aspect, Rea at, 2. [178];
  • Lane’s attack, [179], [426].
• Atocha, A. J.,
  • and Santa Anna, 1. [202];
  • and peace negotiations, 2. [123], [124], [126], [387].
• Atristain, Miguel, peace commissioner, 2. [135], [239].
• Attitude toward Mexico, American, 1. [58], [60], [61], [65], [76–8], [85], [88–91], [95], [100], [101], [117–21], [125–7], [130–4], [323], [332], [422], [428], [429], [434–6], [439], [443–5], [458–61], 2. [121], [123], [310], [508].
  • See also [Conquered territory]; [Diplomatic intercourse]; [Outbreak]; [Preparation].
• Attitude toward the war, of Mexican people, 1. [115–6], [442], 2. [312], [510].
  • See also [Opposition]; [Popularity]; [Preparation].
• Attitude toward United States, Mexican, 1. [28], [57–61], [63], [67], [70], [77], [81], [83], [102–4], [109], [111], [116], [161], [375–6], [418], [423], [431], [484], 2. [124], [310].
  • See also [Diplomatic intercourse]; [Outbreak]; [Preparation].
• Aulick, J. H., at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [238].
• Aurora de la Libertad, excites fears of Spanish America, 1. [112];
  • appeal to Europe, [114].
• Avalos, F., and plans against Taylor, 2. [165], [419].
• Ayotla, Twiggs at, 2. [94].
• Ayuntamientos, in occupied territory, 2. [229], [461].
• Backus, Electus,
  • at Monterey, 1. [252], [500];
  • on mistakes there, [502].
• Badillo, Colonel, at Cerro Gordo, 2. [44].
• Bahía company, at Monterey, 1. [494].
• Baker, E. D.,
  • wounded, 1. [207];
  • on war and expansion, [444];
  • and absorption of Mexico, 2. [243];
  • at Cerro Gordo, [352].
• Balderas, Lucas, killed at Molino del Rey, 2. [145].
• Baldwin, John, claim, 1. [427].
• Ballentine, George,
  • on American infantry, 1. [451];
  • on Tampico and American occupation, 2. [461].
• Baltimore American, on California, 1. [325].
• Baltimore troops. See [Washington and Baltimore battalion].
• Bancroft, George,
  • on Polk and California, 1. [127];
  • on Polk’s reluctance to fight, [127], [133];
  • on Polk’s ability, [129];
  • and war, [181];
  • instructions to Sloat, [530];
  • as secretary of the navy, 2. [190];
  • and plan to attack Ulúa, [201];
  • and Conner, [201];
  • and absorption of Mexico, [243];
  • on war finances, [260];
  • on victories and foreign relations, [305];
  • on British and war annexations, [309];
  • on influence abroad of war, [324].
• Bancroft, H. H.,
  • on Castro’s meeting, 1. [526];
  • on Gillespie, [526];
  • on Sloat, [530], [531].
• Baneneli, J., at Cerro Gordo, 2. [55].
• Bankhead, Charles, British minister at Mexico,
  • and annexation of Texas, 1. [85];
  • and Mexican-American relations, [91–3], [435];
  • and Oregon and Mexican controversies, [114–5];
  • on Rio Grande campaign, [179], [180];
  • on Mexican abandonment of California, [319], [322];
  • on Mexican war enthusiasm, [442];
  • on Santa Anna and peace (1846), [487];
  • on factions of Federalists, 2. [4];
  • on Mexican finances, [8], [328];
  • on Mexican attitude toward peace (1846), [122], [386];
  • and Trist mission, [129–31], [133], [390];
  • and privateering, [192];
  • and mediation, [368], [504];
  • on evacuation of city, [415].
• Bankhead, James,
  • occupation of Córdoba and Orizaba, 2. [184–5], [222], [433];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [335];
  • in command at Vera Cruz, [432], [457].
• Banking, Mexican attempt, 1. [17].
  • See also [Finances].
• Baranda, Manuel,
  • and return of Santa Anna, 1. [221], 2. [368];
  • and Trist mission, [132], [390].
• Barbour, P. N. at Resaca de la Palma, 1. [174].
• Barker, E. C, acknowledgment to, 1. [450].
• Barnburners, and Polk, 2. [270], [281].
• Barrios, Colonel, at Belén garita, 2. [159], [160].
• Barron, E., British consul at Tepic, and California, 1. [524].
• Beach, Moses Y.,
  • in Mexico, intrigue, 2. [11–4], [65];
  • escape, [14], [332];
  • and absorption of Mexico, [243];
  • on intrigue, [331].
• Beale, E. F., and battle of San Pascual, 1. [535].
• Beale’s grant, 1. [449].
• Bear Flag war, 1. [331–3], [528–9], [531].
• Beauregard, P. G. T.,
  • and landing at Vera Cruz, 2. [23], [336];
  • at Cerro Gordo, [50], [350];
  • reconnoitres Contreras route, [103];
  • on plan of attack of capital, [149];
  • at Belén garita, wounded, [160], [415];
  • engineer with Scott, [366];
  • at battle of Contreras, [379];
  • reconnoitres southern approach of capital, [408];
  • on Mexican soldiers, [509].
• Béjar company, at Monterey, 1. [494].
• Belén garita and citadel, 2. [147];
  • Quitman’s attack, [158–60], [162], [412], [414–6].
• Belknap, W. G.,
  • at Palo Alto, 1. [164];
  • at Resaca de la Palma, [174].
• Belknap, Camp, 1. [206].
• Belmont, August,
  • and American funds in Mexico, 2. [266], [488];
  • and war loans, [482].
• Belton, F. M., at Tampico, 1. [281], [512].
• Benham, F. G., at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [338].
• Benham, H. W., on Taylor’s carelessness at Agua Nueva, 1. [549].
• Benjamin, Calvin, at Chapultepec, 2. [156];
  • at Belén garita, killed; [160].
• Benjamin, Park, on call to arms, 1. [193].
• Bentinck, Lord George, and interposition, 2. [302].
• Benton, T. H.,
  • on Polk and war, 1. [130];
  • and war, [182], [183], [471];
  • on cause of war, [189];
  • and Scott, [197], [354];
  • welcome to Doniphan’s force, [314];
  • war plan, [349], [351];
  • on advance to Rio Grande, [458];
  • and Doniphan’s expedition, [517];
  • on Gillespie’s mission to Frémont, [528];
  • and lieutenant generalcy, 2. [75], [363];
  • and peace, [123];
  • opposes Slidell as peace commissioner, [126];
  • and treaty of peace, [247], [473], [475];
  • public land gradation policy, [261], [482];
  • and tariff for Mexican ports, [261];
  • character and leadership, [282], [291];
  • and major-generalcy, [365].
• Bent’s Fort, Kearny’s expedition at, 1. [288–9], [515].
• Bermúdez de Castro, Salvador, Spanish minister at Mexico,
  • and Slidell mission, 1. [100];
  • on Mexican aggression, [455];
  • on Mexican finances, 2. [8];
  • on difficulties of march to Mexico City, [37];
  • on Trist mission, [132];
  • and peace, [133];
  • and privateering, [192];
  • and war, [298];
  • on American army, [321];
  • on Scott’s expedition, [357].
• Berra, F., at Monterey, 1. [248].
• Berrien, J. M.,
  • and war bill, 1. [183];
  • and treaty of peace, 2. [247];
  • no-annexation plan, [287–8], [498].
• Biddle, James,
  • on Asia station, 2. [189];
  • commands Pacific squadron, vessels, [206], [447].
• Bidwell, John, and Bear Flag war, 1. [529].
• Bishop’s Palace at Monterey, in battle, capture, 1. [239], [245], [247–8].
• Bissell, W. H., at Buena Vista, 1. [390], [391], [394].
• Black, John, American consul at Mexico,
  • and restoration of intercourse, 1. [89], [91], [96];
  • and Slidell mission, [145], [453];
  • report on Santa Anna’s attitude, [201];
  • expelled, 2. [41];
  • and peace negotiations, [122].
• Black, S. W., at siege of Puebla, 2. [174], [424].
• Black Pass. See Hoya.
• Blair, F. P., Sr.,
  • warning on political effect of war, 1. [353];
  • on Polk, 2. [270];
  • on excesses in New Mexico, [453].
• Blake, J. E., at Palo Alto, 1. [165].
• Blanchard, A. G.,
  • in Monterey campaign, 1. [241], [245], [247], [492], [496–8];
  • advance to Saltillo, [264].
• Blanco, Colonel,
  • and Wool’s march, 1. [273], [274], [510];
  • guerilla, [274], [283].
• Blanco, S., at Buena Vista, 1. [389].
• Bliss, W. W. S.,
  • as Taylor’s adjutant, 1. [141], [261], [451], 2. [318];
  • on Rio Grande campaign, 1. [179];
  • parley after Buena Vista, [398];
  • at Palo Alto, [466].
• Blockade,
  • not feared by Mexico, 1. [110];
  • expected European difficulty, [114];
  • policy, character, 2. [193], [208], [303], [440];
  • physical difficulties, [194–5];
  • on Pacific coast, [205–6], [446], [448].
• Bloomington (Muscatine), Iowa, on good will toward Mexico, 2. [508].
• Boca Chica, 1. [205], [480].
• Bocanegra, J. M.,
  • character, 1. [25];
  • American correspondence, [68];
  • and decree expelling Americans, [73];
  • and Texas, [84], [85], [419], [433].
• Bocas, force at, 1. [553].
• Boletín Oficial,
  • on Mexican army, 1. [106];
  • on Santa Anna, [487].
• Bonham, M. L., regiment, 2. [363];
  • leaves Mexico City, [476].
• Bonita,
  • captured, 1. [511];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [238];
  • added to navy, [438];
  • in Home Squadron, [442], [446];
  • in attack at Tuxpán, [444].
• Bonneville, B. L. E., and Wool, 1. [509].
• Borland, Solon, carelessness and capture, 1. [370–1].
  • See also [Encarnación prisoners].
• Boston, wrecked, 2. [449].
• Boston Atlas,
  • demand for war, 1. [456];
  • on Polk’s Cabinet, 2. [270];
  • on Polk, [275], [276];
  • on outlook of war, [277];
  • encourages enemy, [280];
  • on tariff, [286];
  • on Polk’s war policy, [288].
• Botts, J. M., opposes war, 1. [189].
• Bouck, W. C., federal appointment, 2. [271].
• Boundaries,
  • Mexican negotiation on Louisiana Purchase, 1. [59–61], [418];
  • Sabine River, [63];
  • offer of compensation for proper Texan, [84–5], [88], [91], [95], [436];
  • southern, of Texas, [138], [449], [457], [470];
  • Texan, in peace negotiations, 2. [135–6], [238], [396], [399], [463], [464], [469].
  • See also [Annexations].
• Bounty in Ten Regiment Bill, 2. [364], [490].
• Bowles, W. A., at Buena Vista, 1. [388], [390], [391], [555], [557].
• Boyd, J. McH., American chargé at London, reports cited passim.
• Bragg, Braxton,
  • force in Texas, 1. [146], [452];
  • at Fort Brown, [163];
  • at Monterey, [251], [254], [492], [496];
  • at Buena Vista, [388], [390–2], [395], [555], [557], [558];
  • on reports, [404];
  • field battery, [450];
  • in Harney’s brigade, [541];
  • on Scott’s order against the cabal, 2. [436];
  • sent to New Mexico, [475].
• Bravo, Nicolás,
  • as partisan leader, 1. [32];
  • revolt against Itúrbide, [35];
  • Presidential candidacy, [37];
  • attempted revolt (1827), [38];
  • pardoned, [44];
  • acting President (1846), reforms, [217];
  • and revolt, [217];
  • incites against United States, [418];
  • and Santa Anna (1847), 2. [82], [83];
  • retires, [84];
  • at Churubusco, [113], [117];
  • and desire for peace, [122];
  • at Chapultepec, surrenders, [153], [155], [157], [408], [411];
  • and guerilla warfare, [173].
• Bravos battalion, formation, 2. [3];
  • at Churubusco, [111].
• Brazito affair, 1. [301–2], [518].
• Brazos Island, camp, 1. [205].
• Breckenridge, H. M., claims commissioner, 1. [430].
• Breese, Sidney, position in Senate, 2. [496].
• Bribery money in peace negotiations, 2. [131–2], [390].
• Bridgehead at Churubusco, 2. [111];
  • maps, [112], [113];
  • attack and capture, [114–6], [383].
• Briggs, G. N., on attitude toward war, 2. [492].
• Brinkerhoff, Jacob,
  • and advance to Rio Grande, 1. [456];
  • position in House, 2. [496];
  • and Wilmot Proviso, [498].
• Briscoe, W. F., guerilla attack on, 2. [423].
• Britannia,
  • on American army, 1. [105];
  • on military titles, 2. [295];
  • on people, [295];
  • on Polk, [300];
  • on conquests in India, [302];
  • on guerilla warfare, [306];
  • criticism of military operations, [307], [308];
  • on absorption of Mexico, [309].
• British in Mexico,
  • merchants, 1. [5], [17];
  • mining companies, [15].
• Broglie, Duc de, and war, 2. [303].
• Brokers, in Mexican public finances, 2. [327].
• Brooke, G. M.,
  • and reinforcement of Tampico, 1. [282], [512];
  • and alarm over Buena Vista, [400].
• Brooks, W. T. H., at Contreras, 2. [108].
• Brough, C. H., in Lane’s march to Puebla, 2. [426].
• Brown, ——, American agent to Santa Anna, 1. [479].
• Brown, Jacob,
  • at Fort Brown, 1. [163];
  • killed, [176], [468].
• Brown, Milton, on advance to Rio Grande, 1. [457].
• Brown, Fort,
  • construction, position, map, 1. [148], [159], [463], [468];
  • attack on, and battle of Resaca de la Palma, [164], [176], [467–9];
  • former names, [454].
• Bryce, James, on justice of expansion, 2. [323].
• Buchanan, James,
  • and Almonte, 1. [87];
  • and Slidell mission, instructions, [95], [100], [127], [436–7];
  • on war spirit, [126];
  • on peaceful policy, [131];
  • and monarchist plans in Mexico, [135], [448];
  • and southern boundary of Texas, [139];
  • and California, [327];
  • and defensive-line policy, [348];
  • and Patterson, [351];
  • and war programme, [351];
  • and Parrott, [434];
  • and Gillespie, [528];
  • desire for peace negotiations, 2. [121];
  • overtures (1846), [122], [386];
  • and Trist, [127], [128];
  • appearance, [128];
  • and recall of Trist, [236], [237], [464];
  • and absorption of Mexico, [243], [244];
  • opposes treaty, [246], [471];
  • as Cabinet officer, [282];
  • and Dallas faction, [282];
  • circular and conciliation of European opinion, [297], [502];
  • and British offer of mediation, [301], [504];
  • and Beach, [331];
  • and Scott-Trist, [390];
  • does not expect peace, [391];
  • on Texas and Kearny’s occupation of New Mexico, [497];
  • and annexation and slavery, [502];
  • and Polk, [510].
• Buena Vista,
  • later force at, 2. [417], [418];
  • mutiny, [418].
  • See also next title.
• Buena Vista campaign,
  • Taylor’s insubordinate advance to Agua Nueva, 1. [368], [373–4], [547–8];
  • carelessness and capture of Wool’s scouting parties, [370–1];
  • lessened morale of Wool’s force, [371];
  • Taylor’s unstrategic position and carelessness, [374], [549], [550];
  • assembling of Santa Anna’s army, [374–9], [550];
  • plan to attack Taylor’s weak and isolated force, [379], [543], [552];
  • Mexican advance for surprise, [380–8], [553], [554];
  • map of route between Mexico and Agua Nueva, [381];
  • Mexican force, [381], [552];
  • flight of Americans to Buena Vista, [382–3], [554];
  • map of roads between Monterey and El Encarnación, [382];
  • Taylor’s trips to Saltillo, [383], [388], [555], [556];
  • pursuit of Americans, [384], [555];
  • Santa Anna’s failure to charge, [384];
  • his play for time, [385], [555];
  • field, [385];
  • American position and force, [386], [548], [555];
  • flank movement on American left, [386], [388];
  • map of field, [387];
  • condition of troops during night, [388];
  • second day: mass in Mexican army, [388];
  • continuation of flanking, [389], [390];
  • repulse of Blanco’s frontal charge, [389];
  • Pacheco’s advance on American left, [389–91], [557], [558];
  • repulse of flanking force, [391];
  • repulse of Pacheco, [391];
  • rout of flanking force, ruse to save it, [392–3], [558];
  • criticism of Santa Anna’s tactics, [393], [558];
  • Hardin’s charge and repulse, [393], [559];
  • repulse of Pérez’s charge on centre, [394–5];
  • Miñón’s repulse at Saltillo, [395], [555], [556], [559];
  • factors in American success, Taylor, [395–6], [559];
  • Mexican valor, [396];
  • losses and condition of American army, [396], [561];
  • Taylor’s determination to hold ground, [397], [561];
  • condition of the Mexican army, [397];
  • Santa Anna’s retirement to preserve organization, [397–8], [562];
  • parley, [398], [562];
  • horrors of Mexican retreat, [399];
  • Santa Anna credited with victory, [399];
  • Taylor’s tardy advance, [399];
  • forays in his rear, [399], [562];
  • alarm in United States, reaction, [400];
  • Mexican batteries, [556];
  • question of Taylor’s order to retreat, [558];
  • foreign comment, 2. [307].
• Bullion, export forbidden, 2. [487].
• Burke, Edmund, on arbitrary government, 1. [52];
  • on political slavery, 2. [311].
• Burnett, E. C., acknowledgment to, 1. [419].
• Burnett, W. B., wounded at Churubusco, 2. [117].
• Burns, ——, paymaster, and Leonidas letter, 2. [435], [437].
• Burr, Aaron, and spirit of expansion, 1. [123], [444].
• Burrita, expedition, 1. [177], [469];
  • camp, [206].
• Burrough, Marmaduke, American consul at Vera Cruz, reports cited passim.
• Burton, H. S., in Lower California, 2. [448], [449], [476].
• Bustamante, Anastasio, Vice-President, revolt, 1. [43];
  • as President, [43];
  • resigns, reëlevates Pedraza, [45];
  • returns to power, Santa Anna undermines, [47–51];
  • and California, [319];
  • and chief command, 2. [182].
• Butler, Andrew P., position in Senate, 2. [496].
• Butler, Anthony, as minister at Mexico, 1. [62], [419], [420];
  • and Sabine River boundary, [64];
  • and claims, [76], [427], [428];
  • and Scott, [476].
• Butler, B. F., on Polk, 2. [272].
• Butler, P. M., killed, 2. [117].
  • See also [Palmetto].
• Butler, W. O., division in march to Monterey, 1. [229], [492], [496];
  • in battle of Monterey, [252–4], [499];
  • command and force at Monterey (Dec. 1846), [283], [357];
  • and command of Vera Cruz expedition, [351];
  • and expected attack, [358];
  • Scott’s instructions on troops for Vera Cruz, [362];
  • in command at Saltillo, [370], [549];
  • at Brazos, [476];
  • takes reinforcements to Scott, 2. [184];
  • succeeds Scott, [188], [438];
  • evacuates Mexico City, [252], [476];
  • and Price’s Rosales expedition, [419];
  • retained in service, [432];
  • division garrisoned at Molino del Rey, [461];
  • and peace commission, [464].
• Cabinet, character of Polk’s, 2. [269], [282].
• Cadereita, aspect, 1. [357].
• Cadwalader, George, reinforcements for Scott, 2. [77];
  • brigade in Scott’s army, [78], [363];
  • at Contreras, [105], [108], [379];
  • at Churubusco, [110];
  • advance after armistice, [142];
  • at Molino del Rey, [144–6], [402], [403];
  • at San Cosme garita, [161], [414];
  • and douceur, [391];
  • and plan of attack on capital, [408];
  • at Chapultepec, [410];
  • occupies Toluca, [433];
  • leaves Mexico, [438].
• Cahuenga, capitulation of, 1. [345].
• Calderón de la Barca, J. M., Spanish minister at Washington, on Mexican army, 1. [106].
• Calhoun, J. C., and annexation of Texas, 1. [84], [86], [433];
  • opposition to war, [123], [182], [183], [185–7], [189], [443], [472];
  • desire to supplant, [123],2. [257];
  • on unrest, 1. [124];
  • and defensive-line policy, [348], 2. [183];
  • and advance to the Rio Grande, 1. [457], [458];
  • and Oregon question, [458];
  • and lieutenant generalcy for Benton, 2. [75];
  • and peace, [125];
  • and Polk’s Cabinet, [269];
  • encourages enemy, [281];
  • followers and Polk, [281], [496];
  • character and leadership, [282], [291];
  • and Wilmot Proviso, [287];
  • on treaty of peace, [472];
  • and war annexations, [499].
• California,
  • Jones at Monterey, 1. [69], [423];
  • abuse and expulsion of Americans, [71], [73], [423];
  • misgovernment and expulsion of Mexican officials, virtual abdication, [87], [319–22], [522], [523];
  • European interference feared, American precautions against it, [90], [95], [325–6], [530];
  • offer to purchase, [95], [436];
  • attitude of American government, [127], [324–5];
  • conditions under Mexican rule, [315];
  • population, [315];
  • character and life of Californians, [315–7];
  • map of coast, (1846), [316];
  • map of northern, [317];
  • foreign element, commerce, [317–9], [521];
  • question of future, American interest, [322–4], [444], [523];
  • Great Britain and, [323–5], [334], [336], [524], [527], [531], 2. [302], [308], [505];
  • France and, 1. [324], [327], [523];
  • expected peaceful acquisition, [325];
  • and cause of Mexican War, [326], [526];
  • attitude of Californians toward foreign control, [327–9], [526];
  • factional war (1846), [329], [527];
  • Frémont and Castro, [331], [528];
  • Gillespie and Frémont’s return, Bear Flag war, [331–3], [528–9], [531];
  • its results, [333];
  • Sloat’s hesitation, [333–4], [530], [531];
  • possession taken at Monterey, [334–5], [531];
  • defensive union of factions, [335];
  • Stockton–Frémont union and address, [336], [532];
  • first southern campaign, [336–7], [532];
  • Stockton’s rule, [337–8];
  • rising in south against Gillespie’s rule, [338–9], [533–4];
  • second southern campaign, [339–46], [534–6];
  • Kearny, battle of San Pascual, [341], [534];
  • American force, [342], [535], 2. [219], [432];
  • advance and recapture of Los Angeles, 1. [342–4];
  • Frémont’s conduct, his capitulation with insurgents, [345–6], [535–6], 2. [218];
  • results, 1. [346], [536];
  • in peace negotiations and treaty, 2. [135], [136], [238], [240], [248], [468], [469];
  • under American rule, [217–20], [285], [454];
  • justice of acquisition, [322], [514];
  • friction between Kearny and Frémont, [454].
• Callender, F. D., at Contreras, 2. [104], [105].
• Camargo, occupation, as camp, 1. [210], [484];
  • camp broken up, [356];
  • troops left at, [493];
  • force at (Oct.), [506].
• Cameron, J. A., American consul at Vera Cruz, reports cited passim.
• Campbell, J. A., opposes war, 1. [189].
• Campbell, R. B., American consul at Havana, and Santa Anna, 1. [221];
  • on strength of Ulúa, [536];
  • and spy for Scott, 2. [332].
• Campbell, W. B., in battle of Monterey, 1. [249], [252];
  • on mistakes at Monterey, [502], [505];
  • on Taylor, [549], 2. [316];
  • at Cerro Gordo, [56], [57], [353];
  • on attitude on reinlistment, [63];
  • on Pillow, [377], [435].
• Campomanes (Campos), ——, intermediary between Scott and clergy, 2. [357].
• Campos.
  • See Campomanes.
• Camps, Taylor’s, at Corpus Christi, 1. [143];
  • Texan, of Taylor’s reinforcements, [205–7], [480];
  • Camargo, sickness, [211], [484], [493];
  • Cerralvo, [212], [229], [493];
  • Scott’s, before Vera Cruz, 2. [27];
  • Vergara, [222].
• Campusano, Antonio, at Guaymas, 2. [206], [209], [447].
• Canales, Antonio, force at Matamoros, 1. [158];
  • character, [158];
  • at Palo Alto, [165], [166];
  • at Resaca de la Palma, [171], [174];
  • and Fort Brown, [176];
  • leaves Taylor’s advance unopposed, [226], [236], [495];
  • guerilla warfare, [479], 2. [169–70].
• Canalizo, Valentín, command below Perote, and preparations, 2. [40], [41], [47], [61], [347];
  • at Cerro Gordo, [45], [352];
  • in the battle, [52], [55];
  • and Santa Anna at Orizaba, [68];
  • and army at capital, [88];
  • in plan of its defence, [90];
  • fails, [95];
  • combination against Santa Anna, [134].
• Canitz, Baron von, Prussian minister of foreign relations, and the war, 2. [298], [403].
• Canning, George, on national responsibility, 1. [76].
• Cano, Juan, at La Hoya, 2. [42];
  • at Cerro Gordo, [44].
• Cárdenas, J., protest to Taylor, 1. [454].
• Carmelita, captured, 2. [191].
• Carmen Island, occupied, 2. [204].
• Carnero Pass, Taylor and, 1. [549].
• Carpender, E. W., and loss of Truxtun, 2. [445].
• Carrasco, J. M., at Monterey, 1. [252].
• Carson, Kit, and battle of San Pascual, 1. [535].
• Casa Mata, defences, 2. [140];
  • force, [142];
  • capture, [145], [146], [403];
  • blown up, [404].
• Casey, Silas, at Chapultepec, 2. [153], [156], [410];
  • wounded, [157].
• Cass, Lewis, and Gaines’s Texan expedition, 1. [66];
  • and war bill, [183];
  • and Oregon, [200];
  • on defensive-line policy, [348];
  • and absorption of Mexico, 2. [243];
  • and Barnburners, [281];
  • character and leadership, [282];
  • on annexation of Texas, [509].
• Castillo, Pedro Fernández del, as claims commissioner, 1. [80], [429–31].
• Castillo y Lanzas, J. M. de, minister at Washington, 1. [77];
  • minister of relations, and Slidell, [100], [120], [438], [439];
  • on approach of war, [104].
• Castro, José, leader in California, 1. [319];
  • comandante general, [319];
  • and foreign occupation, [328], [329], [526];
  • civil war with Pico, [329];
  • and Frémont, [331], [528];
  • and American occupation, [335–7], [530], [532];
  • leaves, [337], [533];
  • and Bear Flag war, [529];
  • returns, 2. [219].
• Caswell, W. R., on Pillow, 1. [361].
• Causes of the war,
  • in general, 1. [58–99], [102–16], [134–7], [148–50], [153–5], [158], [179], [185], [432–3], [439], [442], [448], [457–61], [470–3];
  • special, [189–90], [471–3];
  • advance to Rio Grande not cause, [154–5].
  • See also [Outbreak]; [Preparation].
• Cavalry, Mexican, 1. [11], [19];
  • in Scott’s advance on Mexico, 2. [77];
  • call for American volunteer, [365].
  • See also [Dragoons].
• Ceballos, Ramón de, on treatment by Americans, 2. [324].
• Cedral, force at, 1. [553].
• Centralists, oligarchy as, 1. [37];
  • party resentment, [38–9];
  • Santa Anna supports, [46–7], [415];
  • rule, [47–8];
  • and Farías (1846), 2. [9].
  • See also [Federalism]; [Oligarchy].
• Cerralvo, as camp, 1. [212], [229], [493];
  • occupied, [229], [562];
  • force at, 2. [417].
• Cerro Gordo,
  • as defensive point, 2. [40], [41];
  • map of contour lines near, [40];
  • selected as point to resist Scott’s advance, [42];
  • field, defences, [42–5], [347], [348];
  • general map of battle, [43];
  • size and condition of Mexican force, [44–5], [347];
  • Twiggs’s force and artillery, [45];
  • Twiggs’s character, [48];
  • his blunder into, and retreat, [48];
  • question of precipitous assault, [48–9];
  • Scott on field, [49];
  • reconnaissance, [50], [349];
  • Scott’s force, [50];
  • advance flanking Mexican left, [50–1], [53], [55], [350–2], [354];
  • map of central part of battle, [51];
  • capture of La Atalaya, [51];
  • attacks on and capture of Telégrafo, [52–5], [350], [352], [354];
  • flight of flanked Mexicans, [54], [58–9];
  • Pillow’s mismanaged attack, [56–8], [352–3];
  • pursuit to Jalapa, [58], [59], [354];
  • spoils, losses, [58], [353];
  • character of Scott’s report, [59], [354];
  • effect on Mexicans, [80].
• Chachapa conference, 2. [70], [360].
• Chalco, Worth at, 2. [94].
• Chamberlain, S. E., on retreat to Buena Vista, 1. [554].
• Chapultepec,
  • and battle of Molino del Rey, 2. [143], [145], [402], [403];
  • and approach of Mexico City, [149];
  • decision to attack, [149], [408];
  • position and defences, [149–52], [405–6], [408];
  • maps, [150], [151];
  • American dispositions and bombardment, [152–3], [409];
  • plan for assault, [153];
  • misgivings, [153–4];
  • attack on grove and outworks, [154], [155];
  • problem of Santa Anna’s support, [154–5], [410];
  • charge to the fosse, delay, [155–6], [409];
  • attack on gateway, [156], [158], [411];
  • capture of fort, [157], [410], [411];
  • view from, [158];
  • losses, [158], [411];
  • Worth’s advance, [160], [410];
  • and armistice, [394];
  • Mexican force, [408];
  • wisdom of attack, [408];
  • threat to American rear during attack, [410].
• Character, Mexican, 1. [3–7], [15], [18–28], [53], [57], [115], [229], [266], [285], [293], [295], [315–7], [320], [333], [339], [346], [396], [407–9], [416–8], [438], [455], 2. [1–2], [31], [32], [45], [63], [79–87], [91–2], [132], [136], [170], [228], [230–1], [233–5], [251], [254], [297], [306], [310–2], [323], [327], [329], [346], [367], [449], [450], [461], [509].
  • See also [Population]; [Social condition].
• Charleston Courier, on war spirit, 1. [132];
  • and the war, [473].
• Charleston Mercury, on Polk’s alarm, 1. [476].
• Charleston Patriot, and the war, 1. [473].
• Chase, Franklin, consul at Tampico, and occupation of city, 1. [279], [511].
• Chase, Mrs. Franklin, and occupation of Tampico, 1. [279], [511].
• Cheatham, B. F., on mistakes at Monterey, 1. [502].
• Chew, Samuel, claim, 1. [426].
• Chihuahua, situation, 1. [3];
  • plans for expedition against, [266];
  • gathering of Wool’s force, [267–70];
  • his advance to Monclova, [270–3], [509];
  • his difficulties, [273–4], [509–10];
  • advance to Parras, [274–5], [510];
  • diversion of Wool’s march, [275];
  • results of march, [276], [510];
  • and caravan trade, [286];
  • Doniphan’s force against, [298–9], [519];
  • his march to El Paso, Brazito affair, [299–303], [518];
  • his advance to Sacramento River, [303–4], [519];
  • political affairs and preparations against Doniphan, Mexican force, [304–6], [519];
  • battle of Sacramento, [306–13], [520];
  • occupied, [313], [520];
  • Doniphan’s negotiations, [313];
  • his march to Saltillo, [313], [521];
  • occupied by Price, 2. [166], [419];
  • under American rule, [454].
• Chihuahua Rangers, in Doniphan’s expedition, 1. [303], [519].
• Childs, Thomas,
  • at Palo Alto, 1. [164];
  • at Monterey, [241], [246];
  • at Jalapa, 2. [361];
  • command at Puebla, besieged, 2. [174–8], [424];
  • as governor, [226].
• Chimalpa, Pillow at, 2. [95].
• China, Mexico, proposed attack on Texans at, 1. [235].
• Chiquihuite, as defensive point, 2. [41].
• Chronology of the war, 1. [xix-xxi].
• Churchill, Sylvester, in Wool’s march, 1. [270], [273].
• Churchill, W. H., at Palo Alto, 1. [164], [167], [466].
• Churubusco,
  • defences, 2. [98], [110–1], [382];
  • map of battle, [111];
  • maps of bridgehead, [112], [113];
  • capture of San Antonio, [112];
  • pursuit of Mexicans to bridgehead, [113];
  • Coyoacán as American point of concentration, [112], [382], [383];
  • attack and capture of convent, [113–4], [117], [382], [383], [385];
  • map of convent, [114];
  • attack and capture of bridgehead, [114–6], [383];
  • Shields-Pierce flank attack, [115–7], [384];
  • pursuit of Mexicans, [117];
  • Kearny’s charge, [118];
  • losses, spoils, [118];
  • American elation, [118–9];
  • Scott’s army after the battle, [120];
  • why not followed up, [120–1], [386], [393];
  • Scott’s probable plan, [383];
  • as blunder, [383];
  • effect on morale, [384];
  • Mexican force, [385];
  • Pillow’s troops in, [385];
  • fate of captured American deserters, [385].
• Citadel at Mexico City, 2. [159], [160], [413], [415].
• Cities of Mexico, 1. [2].
• Civil service, Mexican, character, 1. [11], [20].
• Claiborne, J. F. H., on war spirit, 1. [444].
• Claims against Mexico,
  • European, 1. [74], [425];
  • American, and conduct of Americans, [74];
  • character and justice, [74–6], [424–7];
  • American patience and forbearance, [76], [427];
  • Jackson’s Message (1837), [77–8], [428];
  • demand (1837), [78–9], [429];
  • arbitration, delays, [79–80], [429–31];
  • award (1841), convention on payments, cessation of payments, excuse, [80], [431];
  • question in efforts for resumption of intercourse, [92–5], [97], [435];
  • Mexican attitude, [103];
  • and cause of war, [120], [132], [134], [190], [448], 2. [279];
  • Polk’s review, [49];
  • assumption in treaty of peace, [241], [468], [469];
  • necessity of enforcement, [311].
• Clamor de las Ovejas, 2. [346].
• Clark, M. L.,
  • in Kearny’s expedition, 1. [288];
  • to hold Santa Fe, [298];
  • joins Doniphan, [299], [303], [519];
  • in battle of Sacramento, [310], [312].
• Clarke, N. S.,
  • command at Matamoros, 1. [493];
  • brigade in Scott’s army, 2. [77];
  • at Churubusco, [112], [113];
  • at Molino del Rey, [144], [145], [402], [403];
  • at Chapultepec, [157], [409];
  • at San Cosme garita, [161], [162];
  • occupies Cuernavaca, [433].
• Classes, Mexican. See Population.
• Clausewitz, Karl von, on simplicity of war, 1. [508].
• Clay, C. M.,
  • captured, 1. [370–1].
  • See also [Encarnación prisoners].
• Clay, Henry [1],
  • on cause of war, 1. [189];
  • speech and resolution on war, 2. [289];
  • war programme, [290];
  • results of policy, [314].
• Clay, Henry [2], killed, 1. [394].
• Clayton, J. M.,
  • and war bill, 1. [182];
  • defence of Taylor, [260];
  • and tariff of 1846, 2. [257], [496];
  • position in Senate, [496].
• Clergy. See Roman Catholic church.
• Clifford, Nathan,
  • and Scott’s expedition, 1. [540];
  • and tariff for Mexican ports, 2. [261];
  • ratification commissioner, [249], [251], [474];
  • minister at Mexico, [475].
• Climate of Mexico, 1. [1].
• Coahuila state, overrun,2. [418].
• Coalition of Mexican states,
  • and secession, 2. [87], [234];
  • opposes peace, [131];
  • and opposition to Santa Anna, [134], [136];
  • and collapse of government, [428].
• Cochelet, ——, French agent in Mexico, reports cited passim.
• Collins, John, messenger to Wool, 1. [313].
• Colombia. See New Granada.
• Colonies, mercantile system, 1. [29].
• Colquitt, W. T., position in Senate, 2. [496].
• Colton, Walter, as alcalde, 1. [338].
• Columbus, in Pacific squadron, 2. [447].
• Comanche Indians, raids, 1. [479], [521].
• Comandú, and American occupation, 2. [448].
• Commander in the field,
  • selection (1846), 1. [196–8], [200], [477];
  • for Vera Cruz expedition, [351–4], [538–9];
  • proposed lieutenant generalcy, 2. [75];
  • Scott removed, [188], [437].
• Commerce, American, influence on demand for war, 1. [122], [443].
  • See also [Santa Fe trail]; [Tariff].
• Commerce, Mexican,
  • mercantile class, 1. [5], [17];
  • roads, inland transportation, [16], [18];
  • protective tariff and prohibition, [17];
  • smuggling, [17];
  • American negotiations, [61], [419];
  • over Santa Fe trail, [72];
  • general restriction on American, [73], [424];
  • of California, [317], [521];
  • foreign, in occupied Mexican ports, 2. [262], [303], [484], [505], [506].
• Commissaries, Mexican, 1. [157].
• Concepción, Fort, at Vera Cruz, 2. [19].
• Congress, American,
  • and advance to the Rio Grande, 1. [151], [456–9], 2. [277];
  • war Message and war bill, 1. [181–3], [470–3];
  • war preparations, [190];
  • and Oregon, [201];
  • the Ten Regiment Bill, 2. [74–6];
  • and lieutenant generalcy, [75], [363], [365];
  • and two and three million funds, [123], [387];
  • and military government, [220];
  • and absorption of Mexico, [243–4];
  • tariff of 1846, warehouse system, sub-treasury, [257], [478–9];
  • treasury notes and loans, [258], [260], [264], [479], [485];
  • proposed impost on tea and coffee, [261], [285], [482];
  • proposed gradation of public lands, [261];
  • initial popularity of war, [268];
  • reaction, [269], [281];
  • Democratic dissensions, lack of leaders, [281–3], [496];
  • position of Whigs, leaders, [283], [496];
  • character of war-time speeches, [284];
  • attacks on war policy, [284–6];
  • Wilmot Proviso, [286–7], [498];
  • Whig no-territory plan, [287–8], [498];
  • Clay’s speech and resolutions, [289];
  • demand for stoppage of supplies and recall of troops, [290–1], [500];
  • Whig control of House, programme, [290];
  • influence of success of war, [290];
  • continued baiting of Polk, [291], [500];
  • war-time character, [313–4];
  • act (1847) for volunteers, [431];
  • and Yucatan, [472];
  • other war-time financial legislation, [489].
  • See also [Senate].
• Congress, Mexican,
  • first under Itúrbide, 1. [35–6];
  • first republican, [36–7];
  • first constitutional (1825), [37];
  • and reëlevation of Pedraza, [45];
  • and Farías’ reforms, [46];
  • of Santa Anna’s supporters (1835), [47];
  • Seven Laws (1835), [47];
  • and Santa Anna, [52–3];
  • character (1846), 2. [5];
  • war-time Presidential elections, [5], [84], [236];
  • war measure against church property, [9–12], [14], [329];
  • new constitution (1847), [82];
  • in abeyance, [85];
  • and Trist mission, [130], [132];
  • supports peace party, [236];
  • ratifies treaty, [250–1], [474];
  • and British mediation, [368].
• Congress,
  • in Pacific squadron, 1. [336], [337], [532], 2. [189], [206], [447];
  • at Guaymas, [206], [447].
• Connelly, Henry, and Kearny, 1. [516].
• Conner, David,
  • and resumption of intercourse (1845), 1. [94], [436];
  • peaceful instructions to (1845), [131];
  • and policy of bold military attitude, [152];
  • and return of Santa Anna, [202], [478], [486], [487];
  • attitude toward attack on Tampico, [277];
  • occupies it, [279–81], [511–2];
  • and the plan to attack Vera Cruz, [349–51], [536];
  • and attack on Taylor, [466], 2. [197];
  • and crossing of Rio Grande, 1. [469];
  • and Vera Cruz expedition, 2. [18], [23], [332], [335], [336], [338];
  • superseded by Perry, [30], [201];
  • squadron, distribution, [189], [197], [442];
  • and blockade, [193];
  • difficulties of shore operations, [196];
  • character as officer, [196], [444];
  • attacks on Alvarado, [197–9], [442];
  • Tabasco River expedition, [199–200];
  • Yucatan operations, [201];
  • and plans to attack Ulúa, [201], [444].
• Conner, P. E., at Buena Vista, 1. [389], [556].
• Conquered territory,
  • policy of occupying territory, 1. [262], [266–7], [508], 2. [273], [492];
  • civil government in New Mexico and California, 1. [337–8], 2. [217], [218], [285], [453];
  • character of naval control, [208];
  • policy toward noncombatants, conciliation, [210–1], [449];
  • outrages by volunteers at Matamoros, [211], [450];
  • and at Monterey, [212–3], [450];
  • liquor and troubles, [212], [213], [224], [457];
  • regulations at Monterey, later security, [213], [450–1];
  • difficulty of convicting Mexican offenders, [213], [451];
  • rule in Saltillo, [213], [452];
  • police regulations, [213], [215], [229], [450], [452];
  • conditions in Tampico, [214], [452];
  • prosperity, [214–5], [219];
  • effect of occupation on Mexican desire for annexation, [215];
  • excesses in New Mexico, [216], [453];
  • Price’s rule there, insurrection, [217];
  • successful rule in California, [217–20], [454];
  • use of local civil officers, [218], [229], [461];
  • Scott’s orders for military government, [220], [455–7];
  • rule at Vera Cruz, [220–2], [457];
  • at Córdoba and Orizaba, [222];
  • affairs at Jalapa, [223–5], [458];
  • excesses elsewhere, [224], [225];
  • Mexican offences and exaggerations, [224];
  • rule at Puebla, [225], [459];
  • clemency toward Mexico City, [226], [459];
  • military discipline there, [226], [459–60];
  • life at capital during occupation, [226–8], [460];
  • Mexican courts, [229];
  • social relations, [230–1], [461–2];
  • general conclusions on conduct of occupation, [231–2];
  • tariff, [261–3], [484];
  • levies on Mexicans, [264–6], [485–8];
  • American opposition to occupation, [273], [492];
  • title by conquest, [285], [468], [497];
  • justice of conquest, [322], [514];
  • conditions at Chihuahua, [454].
• Conspectus of events, 1. [xix–xxi].
• Constitutions,
  • Spanish liberal (1820), 1. [32];
  • first Mexican (1824), [36–7], [412–3];
  • Seven Laws, [47];
  • Bases of Tacubaya, [51];
  • Organic Bases, [52];
  • revival of Organic Bases, [217];
  • renewal of constitution of 1824, [222], [488];
  • of 1847, 2. [82].
• Consuls in Mexico, cut off, 1. [212], [484].
• Contreras, battle of,
  • field, 2. [101];
  • Valencia’s occupation of it, [102], [104];
  • American reconnaissance and advance, [103], [380];
  • Pillow’s attack and Riley’s flank movement, [104], [376], [378], [380];
  • support of Riley, [105], [107], [378–80];
  • Santa Anna’s movements, [105], [110], [379], [380];
  • Valencia disobeys order to retire, [106];
  • map, [107];
  • American troops during night, [107];
  • American flank and rear attack, [108–10], [379], [380];
  • flight of Mexicans, [109];
  • losses, spoils, [110];
  • credit for victory, [376].
• Convent at Churubusco, 2. [111], [382];
  • attack and capture, [113–4], [117], [382], [383], [385];
  • map, [114].
• Convoy. See Transportation.
• Cooke, P. St. G.,
  • in Kearny’s expedition, 1. [290], [293];
  • in California, 2. [218], [455].
• Córdoba,
  • Bankhead’s expedition, aspect of route to, 2. [184–5], [433];
  • under American rule, [222], [229];
  • Lane at, [427].
• Corcoran, W. J., company raised by, 2. [431].
• Corpus Christi, Taylor’s force at, 1. [142], [452].
• Corral Falso, as defensive point, 2. [39], [41], [42].
• Corruption, Mexican,
  • in army, 1. [9];
  • in civil service, [12];
  • extent and effect, [13], [57], [416–7];
  • question in peace negotiations, 2. [123], [132], [390–1];
  • and war-time trade, [263];
  • and Mexican attitude on the war, [312].
• Corwin, Thomas,
  • on Scott, 1. [197];
  • opposition to war, 2. [126];
  • and treaty of peace, [247];
  • effect of “hospitable graves” speech, [278], [494];
  • demands recall of troops, [290].
• Cos, M. P. de, at Tuxpán, 2. [202], [445].
• Cossack, claim, 1. [426].
• Cost of the war to United States, 2. [266–7], [488].
• Council Grove, trade rendezvous, 1. [288].
• Courtesy, Mexican, 1. [26].
• Couto, J. B.,
  • peace commissioner, 2. [135], [239];
  • and Peña, [180];
  • on Trist, [323].
• Cox, I. J., acknowledgment to, 1. [450].
• Cox, Nathaniel, claim, 1. [426].
• Coyoacán,
  • force at, 2. [101];
  • and battle of Churubusco, [112], [382–3].
• Crampton, J. F. T., British chargé at Washington,
  • and levy on Mexicans, 2. [486];
  • on slavery and cessation of war, [500];
  • on Whig war policy, [500].
• Crawford, J. T., British consul at Tampico, reports cited passim.
• Credit,
  • lack of Mexican public, 2. [7], [253];
  • American foreign, [256].
  • See also [Finances].
• Creole, burned, 2. [444].
• Creoles,
  • characteristics, 1. [3], [407];
  • and Spanish-born, [29];
  • and independence, [30–1].
• Crepúsculo,
  • on Santa Anna as dictator, 1. [47];
  • on Santa Anna and Zacatecas, [550].
• Crime and criminal law, Mexican, 1. [13], [21].
• Crittenden, J. J.,
  • and war bill, 1. [183], [187], [473], 2. [277];
  • defence of Taylor, 1. [260];
  • and Taylor’s candidacy, [368];
  • and tariff of 1846, 2. [257], [496];
  • and plan to stop war, [290];
  • position in Senate, [496];
  • on American attitude toward Mexico, [508].
• Cross, Trueman,
  • killed, 1. [160], [463];
  • on Taylor and transportation, [490].
• Cuba,
  • Mexico and, 1. [417];
  • and Mexican privateering, 2. [192], [193].
• Cuernavaca,
  • and Santa Anna’s dictatorship, 1. [46];
  • occupied, 2. [184], [433].
• Cuevas, L. G.,
  • on chances of expected war, 1. [111];
  • and annexation of Texas, [434];
  • on resumption of intercourse, [435];
  • and Peña, 2. [180];
  • peace commissioner, [239], [466];
  • on Trist, [323].
• Cumberland,
  • in Home Squadron, 2. [197], [442];
  • damaged, [449].
• Cumplido, I., Presidential candidacy, 2. [236].
• Curtis, S. R., and forays on Taylor’s rear, 1. [562].
• Cushing, Caleb,
  • sent to Scott, 2. [184], [418];
  • brigade in Taylor’s force, [417];
  • leaves Mexico, [438].
• Customs, Mexican internal, 1. [16], 2. [253].
  • See also [Tariff].
• Cuylti, Gavino, and Doniphan’s advance, 1. [301].
• Cyane,
  • at Monterey, 1. [423];
  • in Pacific squadron, 2. [189], [205], [206], [446], [447];
  • at La Paz and San José, [449].
• Cyprey, Baron Alleye de, French minister at Mexico, on British recognition of Texas, 1. [432].
• Dakin, J. H., recruiting advertisement, 1. [445].
• Dale,
  • in Pacific squadron, 2. [189], [206], [447];
  • at Guaymas, [447].
• Dallas, G. M.,
  • and Buchanan faction, 2. [282];
  • on Polk, [510].
• Dana, R. H., and public interest in California, 1. [323].
• Davidson, G. R., captured, 1. [370–1].
  • See also [Encarnación prisoners].
• Davis, C. W., and outrages, 1. [425].
• Davis, G. T. M.,
  • on errors at Churubusco, 2. [383];
  • on Belén operations, [412].
• Davis, Jefferson,
  • at Monterey, 1. [249], [252], [500];
  • in negotiations, [502], [504], [505];
  • at Buena Vista, [555];
  • and peace negotiations, 2. [464];
  • on glory of the war, [324].
• Davis, John, and two million bill, 2. [123].
• Deas, Edward, battery in Taylor’s later force, 2. [418].
• Deaths, in American army, 2. [318], [511], [512].
• Decatur,
  • in attack on Tuxpán, 2. [444];
  • in Home Squadron, [446].
• Declaration of war. See Outbreak.
• Defensive-line policy,
  • Taylor’s plan, 1. [282–3], [461], [513], [514];
  • popularity, [347];
  • persistence, 2. [183], [430].
• Deffaudis, Baron. French minister at Mexico, reports cited passim.
• Delano, Columbus,
  • and war bill, 1. [472];
  • inconsistent war criticism, 2. [277].
• Delaware Indians, in Kearny’s expedition, 1. [288].
• Delaware troops, 2. [431].
• Democracy, radical party in Mexico (1846), 2. [2–4].
  • See also [Federalism]; [Puros].
• Democratic party,
  • and war, 1. [184], [471];
  • early reaction, 2. [269], [281];
  • and Polk, dissensions, [269–73], [281], [283];
  • leaders in Congress, [282], [496];
  • dissensions and Wilmot Proviso, [286];
  • dissensions protract war, [288].
  • See also [Congress]; [Polk].
• Democratic Review, and absorption of Mexico, 2. [243].
• De Russey, L. G.,
  • wrecked, march to Tampico, 1. [547];
  • attempt to rescue prisoners of war, 2. [418].
• Descriptions. See [Physical aspect].
• Desertion,
  • in Taylor army at Rio Grande, 1. [160], [463];
  • tendency after Monterey, [262];
  • amount, 2. [318], [319];
  • fate of deserters captured at Churubusco, [385];
  • deserters and peace, [474].
  • See also [Irish]; [Propaganda].
• Diablo, El,
  • earthwork at Monterey, 1. [249];
  • attack on, [253–4], [500];
  • evacuated, [255].
• Diario,
  • desires war, 1. [105], [115];
  • on help from abroad, [112];
  • on the army, [408];
  • on United States and Texas, [423];
  • on start of final campaign, 2. [92];
  • on Scott’s predicament, [103];
  • on peace negotiations, [123], [130].
• Diaz de la Vega, R. See [La Vega].
• Dickens, Charles, jibes at Americans, 2. [294].
• Dickinson, D. S.,
  • and expansion, 1. [188];
  • and absorption of Mexico, 2. [243];
  • position in Senate, [496].
• Dictatorship,
  • under first Mexican constitution, 1. [37];
  • Victoria’s, [39];
  • Guerrero’s, [42];
  • Santa Anna’s, [46], [51–3], [415];
  • his virtual, during the war, 2. [81], [85];
  • invitation to Scott, [323].
• Dimond, F. M., American consul at Vera Cruz,
  • and restoration of intercourse, 1. [89];
  • report on Santa Anna’s attitude, [201];
  • and war programme, [350];
  • on Mexico and American-British relations, [442];
  • and spy for Scott, 2. [332].
• Diplomatic intercourse, American-Mexican,
  • Mexican characteristics, 1. [58], [416];
  • treatment of Poinsett, [58–9], [417];
  • Louisiana Purchase boundary, [59–61], [418];
  • treaty of amity and commerce, [61], [419];
  • recall of Poinsett demanded, [62];
  • Butler as minister, [62], [419], [420];
  • Ellis as chargé, [63];
  • Sabine River boundary and Gaines’s expedition, [63–6], [420–2];
  • departure of Gorostiza, [66], [77];
  • and recognition of Texas, [66], [422], [423];
  • Bocanegra’s threat, [68];
  • Gorostiza’s pamphlet, disavowal, [77–9];
  • rupture (1845), [87];
  • efforts to restore, [88–91], [133], [434], [447];
  • preparation to reopen, [91];
  • British efforts for renewal, [91], [435];
  • Mexico agrees to resume, claims question in agreement, [92–4], [97], [435–6];
  • need of haste, [94];
  • instructions to Slidell, [95], [127], [436];
  • rejection of Slidell, [96–8], [100–1], [120], [127], [133], [135], [145], [437–9], [447], [453];
  • policy of bold military attitude to encourage resumption, [152];
  • negotiations with Santa Anna (1846), [201–3], [471];
  • difficulties of contrasted national characteristics, 2. [310], [508].
  • See also [Claims]; [Foreign relations]; [Peace].
• Direct tax. American attitude toward, 2. [258], [480].
• Discipline. See [Conquered territory]; [Morale].
• Disraeli, Benjamin,
  • on Mexico, 2. [296];
  • and the war, [299];
  • and interposition, [302].
• District of Columbia troops,
  • call and response (1847), 2. [364], [431];
  • in Taylor’s later force, [417];
  • at Jalapa, [433].
  • See also [Washington and Baltimore battalion].
• Dodd, W. E., on Calhoun’s rivals and war, 1. [444].
• Domínguez, Manuel, as Scott’s spy, 2. [362].
• Don Simplicio,
  • on Santa Anna’s efforts at San Luis Potosí, 1. [376], [377], [379];
  • on revolt of 1846, 2. [1];
  • on political situation (1847), [16].
• Donaldson, J. L., at Saltillo, 1. [559].
• Donelson, A. J.,
  • on Texas and European aid, 1. [82];
  • peaceful instructions to (1845), [131];
  • on Mexico and slavery, [188];
  • and war, [445].
• Doniphan, A. W.,
  • regiment in Kearny’s expedition, 1. [288];
  • reduces Indians, [298];
  • force for Chihuahua march, [98], [303], [519];
  • character and appearance, [299];
  • character of force, [299], [303];
  • caravan with, [298], [303], [519], [520];
  • crossing of Jornada del Muerto, [299], [518];
  • Clark’s reinforcement, [299], [303];
  • preparations against at El Paso, [300–1], [518];
  • affair of Brazito, [301–2], [518];
  • at El Paso, [302–3];
  • advance to Sacramento River, [303–4], [519];
  • preparations against at Chihuahua, [304–6], [519];
  • map of march, [305];
  • battle of Sacramento, [306–13], [520];
  • at Chihuahua, [313], [520];
  • negotiations, [313];
  • march to Saltillo, [313], [521], [547], [548];
  • return to Missouri, reception, results of march, [314];
  • on and during the battle, [520];
  • later career, [521].
• Dorsey, G., on Spanish American fear of aggression, 1. [111].
• Dosamantes, Señorita, as volunteer, 1. [230], [494].
• Dosamantes, J., captured at Chapultepec, 2. [411].
• Douglas, S. A.,
  • on cause of war, 1. [189];
  • on policy of occupying territory, 2. [492];
  • position in House, [496].
• Doyle, P. W., British chargé at Mexico,
  • on British recognition of Texas, 1. [432];
  • on conduct of American soldiers, 2. [226], [231], [460];
  • and renewal of peace negotiations, [238–40], [465];
  • and armistice, [242], [470];
  • on relaxed discipline after Scott’s departure, [438].
• Dragoons,
  • force (1845), 1. [139], [450];
  • at Churubusco, 2. [110], [119], [385];
  • during armistice, [134];
  • at Molino del Rey, [144], [146], [403];
  • at Chapultepec, [161], [408], [410];
  • in Mexico City, [164];
  • with Scott, [356];
  • garrison at Jalapa and Perote, [361];
  • in California, [475].
  • See also regiments by number.
• Dress,
  • Mexican, 1. [18–9], [24];
  • Californian, [316].
• Drink.
  • See Liquor.
• Dromgoole, G. C., position in House, 2. [496].
• Drum, S. H.,
  • company at Molino del Rey, 2. [143], [145], [403];
  • at Chapultepec, [152], [156];
  • at Belén garita, [159], [160];
  • killed, [160];
  • light artillery, [366].
• Ducoing, Theodore, claim, 1. [427].
• Duflot de Mofras, Eugène,
  • on cause of war, 1. [189];
  • and California, [324], [523].
• Duncan, James,
  • battery in Texas, 1. [146];
  • at Palo Alto, [168], [169], [465];
  • at Monterey, [241], [243], [248], [258], [492], [496];
  • advance to Saltillo, [264];
  • field battery, [450];
  • at Resaca de la Palma, [467];
  • in advance of Perote, 2. [61];
  • Amozoc affair, [70];
  • in Scott’s army, [77];
  • at Churubusco, [115], [117];
  • at Molino del Rey, [143–6];
  • at Chapultepec, [161];
  • and uprising in the city, [167];
  • and cabal against Scott, [178], [435];
  • Scott’s charges against, [188], [436];
  • Polk rescues, [188];
  • reconnaissance of Mexicaltzingo route, [372], [373];
  • and Quitman’s advance to Belén garita, [414].
• Du Petit Thouars, A. A., and California, 1. [523].
• Du Pont, S. F.,
  • cruise off western coast of Mexico, 2. [205];
  • at La Paz and San José, [449].
• Durán, José, and surrender of Ulúa, 2. [340], [342].
• Durango state,
  • and Santa Anna, 1. [376];
  • and secession coalition, 2. [86].
• Echagaray, Domingo, at San Juan Bautista, 2. [446].
• Echeagaray, Lt. Col.,
  • at Molino del Rey, 2. [145];
  • at San Cosme garita, [413].
• Echols, R. M., regiment in Taylor’s force, 2. [417].
• Eckford, Henry, claim, 1. [426].
• Edson, Alvin, at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [335].
• Education,
  • under Spanish rule, 1. [13];
  • common, after independence, [14], [409];
  • higher, [14].
• Eighth Cavalry, Mexican, at Monterey, 1. [494].
• Eighth Infantry,
  • in Texas, 1. [143];
  • at Palo Alto, [164], [168], [466];
  • at Resaca de la Palma, [174];
  • at Monterey, [246], [492], [496], [501];
  • advance to Saltillo, [264];
  • in Scott’s army, 2. [77];
  • at Churubusco, [112], [115], [116], [384];
  • at Chapultepec, [157];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [343];
  • at Molino del Rey, [402].
• Eighth Line Infantry, Mexican, at Monterey, 1. [494].
• El Carmen Island. See Carmen.
• El Paso,
  • aspect and people, 1. [300], [302];
  • force against Doniphan Brazito affair, [300–2], [518];
  • Doniphan occupies, [302–3].
• El Telégrafo. See [Telégrafo].
• Elections. See [President].
• Eleventh Infantry,
  • in Scott’s army, 2. [77], [363], [422], [432];
  • at Chapultepec, [154], [410];
  • at Churubusco, [385];
  • at Molino del Rey, [402].
• Eleventh Line Infantry, Mexican,
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [52], [347];
  • at San Cosme garita, [162];
  • and Vera Cruz, [334].
• Elkins, Samuel, claim, 1. [426].
• Elliot, Charles, British minister in Texas,
  • on chances of expected war, 1. [105], [107];
  • on Texas as theatre of war, [107];
  • on policy of expansion, [123].
• Ellis, Powhatan,
  • American representative at Mexico, 1. [63];
  • and claims, [76–7];
  • and California, [324];
  • on Tornel, [484];
• Ellis, T. H., American chargé at Mexico, reports cited passim.
• Empire of Itúrbide, 1. [35].
• Encarnación,
  • Santa Anna’s army at, 1. [381];
  • map of district, [382].
  • See also next title.
• Encarnación prisoners,
  • capture, 1. [370–1];
  • sent south, [562];
  • at Huejutla, attempt to release, 2. [418].
• Engineers, military,
  • Mexican, 1. [156], [461], 2. [312];
  • American corps, 1. [451];
  • in the war, 2. [320], [513];
  • under Scott, [349], [356], [366].
• England.
  • See Great Britain.
• Erie, in Pacific squadron, 2. [189], [447].
• Escudero, J. A. de, and Farías, 2. [5], [9].
• Espectador, on the war, 1. [442].
• Esperanza, on Americans, 1. [484].
• Esteva, J. W., on Mexican character, 1. [410].
• Estrada, Gutiérrez de. See [Gutiérrez de Estrada].
• Europe, expected to aid Mexico, 1. [112–5], [442].
  • See also [Foreign relations]; [Interposition]; nations by name, especially [France]; [Great Britain]; [Spain].
• Eutaw Indians, subdued, 1. [298].
• Evacuation of Mexican territory, 2. [251–2], [475–6].
• Evans, George, and war bill, 1. [183].
• Eventualists, and secession and peace, 2. [234], [239], [465].
  • See also [Puros].
• Execution of American citizens, 1. [70].
• Expansion,
  • spirit and attitude toward Mexico, 1. [123], [444];
  • London Times on, 2. [294];
  • justice, [322–3].
  • See also [Annexations].
• Expulsion of American citizens, 1. [71], [73], [423], [424].
• Fairfield, John,
  • on Scott, 1. [197];
  • on speeches in Congress, 2. [284].
• Falcon,
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [338];
  • in Home Squadron, [445], [446].
• Falmouth,
  • scurvy, 2. [195];
  • in Home Squadron, [197], [442].
• Farías, Valentín Gómez, Vice President,
  • character, 1. [45];
  • as acting President, attempted reforms, [45];
  • flees, [47];
  • as Federalist leader, [48];
  • and the war, [201];
  • combination with Santa Anna, [216];
  • imprisoned, [216];
  • and revolt for Santa Anna (1846), [217], [221–3];
  • and Salas and Santa Anna, 2. [1], [327];
  • as leader of radicals (Puros), [2];
  • shelved, [4];
  • election as Vice President and actual Executive (1846), [5];
  • war policy, [6];
  • financial problem and church property, [6], [9–14];
  • and Beach, [12];
  • superseded by Santa Anna, [14];
  • office abolished, unpopularity, [15], [332];
  • hostility to Santa Anna, [82];
  • and Olaguíbel, [86];
  • opposes peace negotiations (1847), [136].
• Farragut, D. G., and Ulúa, 2. [201].
• Federal Union, and war, 1. [473].
• Federalism and Federalists,
  • in first Mexican constitution, 1. [36–7];
  • oligarchical plots and revolt against, [37–8];
  • party resentment, [38–9];
  • overthrow, [47];
  • pre-war factions, [48];
  • Bustamante’s attempt to restore, [51];
  • and Herrera’s rule, [55–6];
  • party and Poinsett, [59];
  • restoration (1846), [217], [222], [488];
  • war-time factions, 2. [2–5];
  • in election of 1846, [5];
  • split on demands on church property, [11];
  • and Santa Anna as Executive, [15];
  • states defy Santa Anna, plan for new republic, [86–7], [234], [369];
  • state discussion on peace, [236], [464];
  • antagonistic state groups, [510].
  • See also [Constitutions]; [Government]; [Moderados]; [Puros].
• Federation Ridge at Monterey, 1. [239], [497];
  • capture, [244], [498].
• Fernández del Castillo, Pedro.
  • See Castillo.
• Ferry, Gabriel,
  • on battle of Monterey, 1. [503];
  • and interposition, 2. [304];
  • on American army, [321].
• Fifteenth Infantry,
  • in Scott’s army, 2. [78], [363], [422], [432];
  • at Contreras, [105];
  • at Chapultepec, [154], [155], [157];
  • garrisons it, [159];
  • at Churubusco, [384];
  • advance after armistice, [400].
• Fifth Cavalry, Mexican, at Cerro Gordo, 2. [347].
• Fifth Infantry,
  • in Texas, 1. [143];
  • at Palo Alto, [164], [167];
  • at Resaca de la Palma, [174];
  • at Monterey, [245], [247], [259], [492], [496];
  • advance to Saltillo, [264];
  • in Scott’s army, 2. [77], [422];
  • at Churubusco, [112], [115], [116], [384];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [343];
  • at Molino del Rey, [402], [403].
• Fifth Line Infantry, Mexican, at Cerro Gordo, 2. [347].
• Filisola, Vicente,
  • and Doniphan’s expedition, 1. [521];
  • and plans against Taylor, 2. [165], [419];
  • and later command, [182], [430].
• Finances, American,
  • naval appropriations, 1. [190], 2. [189];
  • unfavorable pre-war conditions, [255], [306];
  • problem of war loans, lack of credit abroad, [256], [478];
  • need of more income, [258], [260], [481];
  • tariff of 1846, warehouse system, and sub-treasury, [257], [478–9];
  • treasury notes, [258], [479], [480];
  • first loan, [259], [479], [481];
  • second loan, [260], [481];
  • proposed impost on tea and coffee, [261], [285], [482];
  • and gradation of public lands, [261];
  • tariff for Mexican ports, [261–3], [303], [484], [500], [505];
  • effect of prosperity due to European conditions, [263], [484];
  • third loan, [264], [485];
  • levies on Mexicans, [264–6], [485–8];
  • funds and expenditures in Mexico, [266], [488];
  • cost of the war, [266–7], [488];
  • political effects of Polk’s policy, [273], [281];
  • money market during the war, [489];
  • other war-time Acts, [489].
• Finances, Mexican,
  • Itúrbide’s troubles, 1. [34–5];
  • and expulsion of Gachupines, [39];
  • early republican difficulties, [39];
  • crisis (1837), [48];
  • under Santa Anna’s dictatorship, [52];
  • Herrera’s predicament, [55];
  • war preparations, [213–4], [223], [488];
  • Santa Anna’s preparations at San Luis Potosí, [377];
  • forced loans, [410], [431], 2. [254], [477];
  • general war-time character, [6], [327];
  • problems, [7];
  • demands on Church, law of Jan. 11, opposition, [8–11], [329];
  • Beach’s intrigue and clerical revolt, [11–4], [330–2];
  • Santa Anna and Church property, [15], [329];
  • effect of war on normal income, [253];
  • taxation projects, [253];
  • state donations, [254];
  • clerical donations, [254], [477];
  • loans, [254], [477];
  • seizures and requisitions, [255];
  • state of treasury (1846), [328].
• First Artillery,
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [52], [54], [352];
  • in Scott’s army, [77];
  • at Churubusco, [114], [382];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [343];
  • garrison at Jalapa, [361];
  • at Belén garita, [413];
  • in Taylor’s later force, [417].
• First Cavalry, Mexican, at Monterey, 1. [494].
• First Dragoons,
  • in Kearny’s expedition, 1. [286], [288], [515];
  • leave for California, [297];
  • in Wool’s march, [509];
  • at Buena Vista, [554], [555];
  • in Scott’s army, 2. [77];
  • at Churubusco, [119];
  • in California, [219];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [343];
  • in Taylor’s later force, [417].
• First Infantry,
  • at Burrita, 1. [177];
  • at Monterey, [250], [252], [492], [496];
  • in Smith’s brigade, [541];
  • garrisons Vera Cruz, 2. [37];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [343].
• First Ligero, at Cerro Gordo, 2. [347].
• First Line Infantry, Mexican, at Monterey, 1. [494].
• Fischer, Waldemar, company in Kearny’s expedition, 1. [288], [515].
• Flagg, A. C., and Polk’s Cabinet, 2. [269], [271].
• Flirt, in Home Squadron, 2. [197], [442].
• Flores, J. M.,
  • rising in California, 1. [339], [533];
  • as provisional governor, [340];
  • and battle of San Pascual, [342];
  • and American advance on Los Angeles, [343–4], [535];
  • retires to Sonora, [345];
  • and Larkin, [536].
• Florida troops,
  • calls, 1. [537], 2. [364];
  • in Taylor’s later force, [417];
  • at Puebla, [433].
• Food and drink, Mexican, 1. [2], [20–1].
• Forbes, Alexander, British consul at Tepic, effect of his book on California, 1. [323].
• Forbes, J. A., British vice consul in California,
  • on California and independence, 1. [321];
  • on expected American annexation, [325];
  • and British control, [328], [329], [332].
• Forced loans in Mexico, 1. [410], 2. [254], [477];
  • to pay claims, 1. [431].
• Ford, Lemuel,
  • at siege of Puebla, 2. [424];
  • in Lane’s guerilla operations, [426].
• Foreign relations, American,
  • European attitude toward United States, 2. [294–6], [502];
  • and toward Mexico, [296], [502];
  • Buchanan’s circular on origin and purpose of war, [297];
  • Spanish America and the war, [298];
  • attitude of Spain, [298];
  • of Prussia, [298];
  • England and outbreak of war, [299–300];
  • France and outbreak, [300], [503];
  • British offer of mediation, [301], [503–4];
  • question of British interposition, [301–4], [504–6];
  • and British-French relations, [304], [506];
  • France and interposition, [304];
  • effect of victories, [305];
  • foreign help of Mexico, [306];
  • criticism of war operations, [306–8], [507];
  • and treaty of peace, [308–9];
  • influence of war on, [323].
  • See also [Diplomatic intercourse]; [Preparation]; nations by name, especially [France]; [Great Britain]; [Spain].
• Foreigners. See [Aliens].
• Forsyth, John,
  • and Gaines’s expedition, 1. [64], [66], [422];
  • and claims commission, [80], [429].
• Forward,
  • in attack on Alvarado, 2. [199];
  • in Tabasco expedition, [200].
• Foster, J. G.,
  • at Molino del Rey, wounded, 2. [142], [144], [403];
  • at Cerro Gordo, [349];
  • engineer with Scott, [366].
• Fourteenth Infantry,
  • in Scott’s army, 2. [77], [363], [432];
  • at Chapultepec, [154];
  • at Churubusco, [385];
  • at Molino del Rey, [402].
• Fourth Artillery,
  • at Buena Vista, 1. [555];
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [53];
  • in Scott’s army, [77];
  • at Molino del Rey, [143];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [343];
  • left at Contreras, [382];
  • in Taylor’s later force, [417], [418].
• Fourth Infantry,
  • at Fort Jesup, 1. [140];
  • goes to Texas, [141–2], [452];
  • at Palo Alto [164], [167], [168];
  • at Monterey, [252], [256], [492], [496], [500–2], [506];
  • in Scott’s army, 2. [77], [422];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [343];
  • at San Cosme garita, [414].
• Fourth Ligero,
  • at Monterey, 1. [494];
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [347].
• Fourth Line Infantry, Mexican,
  • at Palo Alto, 1. [165], [168];
  • at Resaca de la Palma, [171], [174], [175];
  • at Monterey, [494];
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [52], [53], [347].
• Fourth of July, claim, 1. [424].
• France,
  • attack on Mexico, 1. [49], [74];
  • and Texas, [55], [67], [90], [432];
  • and expected war, [112];
  • and annexation of Texas, [113], 2. [295], [501], [502];
  • and support of Mexico, interposition, 1. [112–5], 2. [304];
  • supposed manipulation of Mexico, 1. [121];
  • and California, [324], [326], [327], [523], 2. [505];
  • and Mexican privateering, [193];
  • and American tariff for Mexican ports, [262], [484];
  • attitude toward United States, [295];
  • attitude toward Mexico, [296–7];
  • and outbreak of war, [300], [503];
  • attitude and British relations, [304], [506];
  • and American victories, [305].
• Franklin, W. B., reconnaissance in Wool’s march, 1. [271].
• Freaner, J. L.,
  • and recall of Trist, 2. [465];
  • takes treaty to Washington, [467].
• Frederick William of Prussia, and the war, 2. [299].
• Frémont, J. C.,
  • expedition canceled (1845), 1. [131], [447];
  • and Castro, retirement, [331], [528];
  • Gillespie and return, Bear Flag war, [331–3], [528–9], [531];
  • and Sloat, [335], [531];
  • joins Stockton, force and appearance, [336];
  • influences address, [336];
  • in first southern campaign, [336], [337];
  • command in north, [338];
  • and second southern campaign, [342], [345], [535–6];
  • treaty with insurgents, [345–6], 2. [218];
  • as governor, [217];
  • and Kearny, [454].
• French, S. G., on Taylor as fighter, 1. [238].
• French in Mexico, merchants, 1. [5].
• French revolution, influence in Mexico, 1. [30].
• Frontera,
  • blockade, 2. [194];
  • importance, [443].
• Fugitive slaves, rendition in American-Mexican negotiations, 1. [419].
• Furber, G. C., work as source, 1. [404].
• Furlong, C., and Americans at Puebla, 2. [225].
• Gachupines,
  • characteristics, 1. [3];
  • expulsion, [39], [42], [413].
  • See also [Oligarchy].
• Gahagan, Dennis, claim, 1. [427].
• Gaines, E. P.,
  • Nacogdoches expedition, 1. [64–6], [420–2];
  • requisition for six-months men, [196], [205], [452], [476], 2. [272], [511];
  • and Scott, 1. [197];
  • Taylor’s letter, [347], [507];
  • and command of Vera Cruz expedition, [353];
  • relieved, court of inquiry, [476].
• Gaines, J. P.,
  • carelessness and capture, 1. [370–1];
  • at Saltillo, [541];
  • of Scott’s staff, 2. [366].
  • See also [Encarnación prisoners].
• Gallatin, Albert,
  • on annexation of Texas, 1. [83];
  • pessimism on peace prospects, 2. [235];
  • on treasury notes, [258];
  • and the war, [314].
• Gambling,
  • American, 1. [144], [207], 2. [214];
  • at Mexico City, 2. [460].
• Gamboa, Ramón,
  • and Santa Anna, 2. [134];
  • on evacuation of Mexico City, [415], [416].
• Gaona, General,
  • in preparations below Perote, 2. [40];
  • abandons Perote, [61].
• Garay, F. de, and De Russey’s expedition, 2. [418].
• Garay, J. G. Perdigón. See Perdigón Garay.
• García, General, at Matamoros, character, 1. [158], [462].
• García Conde, Pedro, and battle of Sacramento, 1. [306], [309], [312], [519], [520].
• Gardner, J. L., command at Point Isabel, 1. [493].
• Garland, John,
  • at Palo Alto, 1. [164];
  • at Monterey, [250], [251], [253], [492], [496], [499], [500];
  • brigade in advance of Perote, 2. [61];
  • in Scott’s army, [77];
  • before San Antonio, Mex., [102];
  • at Churubusco, [113], [116];
  • at Molino del Rey, [143], [145];
  • at Chapultepec, [161];
  • at San Cosme garita, [162];
  • wounded in uprising, [167];
  • and Contreras, [381].
• Garro, Máximo, Mexican chargé at Paris, reports cited passim.
• Gates, William, at Tampico, 1. [281], [282], [486], [512], [546], 2. [484];
  • discipline, [215];
  • and prisoners at Huejutla, [418].
• Gateways of Mexico City, 2. [147].
  • See also [Belén]; [San Cosme].
• Georgia troops,
  • in Victoria march, 1. [357];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [343];
  • in Alvarado expedition, [344];
  • leave Scott, [356];
  • calls (1847), [364], [365], [430];
  • for Scott, [423];
  • cavalry at Huamantla, [426].
• “Germanicus,” on volunteers, 1. [474].
• Germans in Mexico,
  • merchants, 1. [5];
  • mining companies, [15].
• Germantown,
  • in attack on Tuxpán, 2. [444];
  • in Home Squadron, [445], [446].
• Germany. See Prussia.
• Gerolt, Baron, Prussian minister at Washington, and the war, 2. [503].
• Gibson, George,
  • commissary general of subsistence, 1. [475];
  • and Graham, [500].
• Giddings, J. R.,
  • and secession, 2. [272];
  • position in House, [496].
• Giffard, F. L., British consul at Matamoros, on conduct of volunteers, 2. [211].
• Giffard, T., British consul at Vera Cruz,
  • on Vera Cruz expedition, 2. [22], [32], [33], [337], [341];
  • on American rule, [221];
  • on Scott and Jalapa, [362].
• Gillespie, A. H.,
  • mission to California, 1. [326], [329], [526], [530];
  • and return of Frémont, [331], [332], [528];
  • and Bear Flag war, [332], [529];
  • in southern campaign, [336];
  • rule at Los Angeles, [338];
  • rising against, surrender, [339], [533–4];
  • joins Kearny, [341];
  • in battle of San Pascual, [342];
  • in expedition to Los Angeles, [342].
• Gillespie, R. A.,
  • at Monterey, 1. [245];
  • march to Mier, [483].
• Glass, J. W., British consul at Tampico, reports cited passim.
• Glasson, J. J., at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [338].
• Goliad massacre, American indignation, 1. [117].
• Gómez, Gregorio,
  • Jefferson and Natchez incidents, 1. [424–5];
  • in preparations below Perote, 2. [40];
  • flight from La Hoya, [58].
• Gómez Farías. See [Farías].
• Gómez Pedraza. See [Pedraza].
• González, ——, and Armijo, 1. [293].
• Gore, J. H., at San Cosme garita, 2. [414].
• Gorman, W. A.,
  • at Buena Vista, 1. [386], [556];
  • at Huamantla, 2. [426].
• Gorostiza, M. E. de,
  • as minister at Washington, 1. [64];
  • and Gaines’s expedition, [65–6], [420–2];
  • pamphlet, Mexican disavowal, [77–9];
  • and Texas, [432];
  • and Santa Anna, 2. [92].
• Government, Mexican,
  • results of colonial system, 1. [29–30];
  • causes of failure, [56–7], [416–7], [438], 2. [310], [312];
  • difficulties in tracing political development, 1. [411];
  • extempore, after loss of capital, 2. [179–81], [427], [428];
  • results to, of the war, [514].
  • See also [Centralists]; [Congress, Mexican]; [Conquered territory]; [Constitutions]; [Dictatorship]; [Federalism]; [Independence]; [Local government]; [Monarchy]; [Oligarchy]; [President of Mexico]; [Revolutions]; [Roman Catholic church].
• Graham, G. M.,
  • and Garland at Monterey, 1. [500];
  • messenger to Mexico, 2. [473].
• Graham, James, and Oregon, 1. [200].
• Grande, Rio. See Rio Grande.
• Grant, U. S.,
  • at Monterey, 1. [252], [256], [501];
  • on Worth, [498];
  • on magnifying of Taylor’s victories, [549];
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [49];
  • at San Cosme garita, [162], [414];
  • on departure from Mexico, [252];
  • on Cerro Gordo, [354];
  • on Churubusco, [383];
  • on battles before Mexico City, [408];
  • on Mexican soldiers, [509].
• Gray, A. F. V., at San Pascual, 1. [535].
• Grayson, J. B., Scott’s chief of subsistence, 2. [366].
• Great Britain,
  • British loans to Mexico, 1. [37];
  • and Texas, [55], [67], [86], [90], [419], [432], [449], 2. [295], [303], [502], [506];
  • commercial treaty with Mexico, 1. [61];
  • and California, [69], [319], [323–6], [328], [334], [336], [524], [527], [531], 2. [302], [308], [505];
  • Mexican relations and claims, 1. [74], [135], [425], 2. [296–7], [502];
  • and restoration of American-Mexican intercourse, 1. [91], [435];
  • Oregon controversy, [90], [94], [114–5], [200], [478], 2. [295], [299], [504];
  • question of interposition, 1. [112–5], [442], 2. [238], [301–4], [504–6];
  • supposed manipulation of Mexico, 1. [121], [443];
  • and Mexican privateering, 2. [192];
  • and blockade, [193], [303], [440];
  • and peace negotiations, [238], [465];
  • attitude toward United States, [294–5], [501];
  • and outbreak of the war, defeat of her policy, [299–300];
  • offer of mediation, [301], [368];
  • influence of French relations, [304], [506];
  • and American victories, [305];
  • volunteer officers for Mexico, [306];
  • and treaty of peace, [308–9], [508].
  • See also [Bankhead]; [Doyle]; [Pakenham]; [Thornton].
• Green, B. E.,
  • and Mexican negotiations, 1. [84–5], [433], [436];
  • on Tornel, [484].
• Green, Duff, on Mexican finances, 2. [8].
• Green, P. C., claim, 1. [426].
• Greenhow, Robert, and claims on Mexico, 1. [78], [429].
• Grievances, American, 1. [70–3], [423], [424].
  • See also [Claims]; [Diplomatic intercourse].
• Griffin, W. P., at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [338].
• Grijalva River.
  • See [Tabasco].
• Grone, Karl von,
  • on Scott, 2. [316];
  • on American soldiers, [321].
• Guadalajara, situation, 1. [3].
• Guadalupe, escape, 2. [195].
• Guadalupe Hidalgo,
  • shrine, 1. [223], [488], 2. [141];
  • Valencia at, 2. [88];
  • treaty signed at, [240], [467].
• Guadalupe Hidalgo, treaty of. See [Peace].
• Guanajuato, powder-mill, 2. [87].
• Guanajuato cavalry battalion, at Monterey, 1. [494].
• Guanajuato state, in discussion on peace, 2. [464].
• Guatemala, and the war, 2. [298].
• Guaymas,
  • as port, 1. [3];
  • bombarded, 2. [205], [446];
  • map, [206];
  • blockade, [206];
  • occupied, [206], [208], [447].
• Guerilla warfare,
  • in revolt against Spain, 1. [31–2];
  • threat (1846), [153], [154];
  • Canales’ force, [158], [226], [236], [479], [495];
  • Blanco’s force, [273], [274], [283], [510];
  • in north after Buena Vista, suppression, [399–400], [562], 2. [169–71], [421], [422];
  • during battle of Buena Vista, 1. [559];
  • operations on Scott’s line, 2. [77], [171], [365], [422], [423];
  • and Scott’s advance, [98];
  • Mexican addiction to, [168];
  • adoption and sanction, [168–9], [421];
  • Vera Cruz state as chief home, leaders, [171], [421];
  • Scott’s operations against, [172], [423];
  • lack of morale, attacks on Mexicans, [172–3];
  • operations and siege of Puebla, [173–4], [178], [424];
  • Lane’s operations against, [178–9], [426–7];
  • British encouragement, [306];
  • Scott’s warning on, [358];
  • failure, [423].
• Guerillas of Vengeance, 2. [169].
• Guerrero, Vicente,
  • as partisan leader, 1. [32];
  • in Itúrbide’s revolt, [33];
  • revolt against Itúrbide, [35];
  • and Montaño’s revolt, [38];
  • Presidential candidacy, [40–1];
  • proclaimed President, [41];
  • character, as President, [42];
  • overthrow, killed, [43];
  • warned by United States, [59], [418];
  • and Poinsett, [62].
• Guexocingo, Lane at, 2. [426].
• Guizot, F. P. G.,
  • policy of balance of power in America, 1. [90], 2. [304];
  • and expected war, 1. [108], [112], [115];
  • and Texas, [295];
  • policy of neutrality, 2. [300];
  • and United States, [301];
  • and Palmerston, [304].
• Gutiérrez, Captain, at Monterey, 1. [254].
• Gutiérrez de Estrada, J. M.,
  • and monarchy, 1. [90];
  • on conduct of American army, 2. [232].
• Gwynn, T. P., at siege of Puebla, 2. [174].
• Hacienda, 1. [19].
• Hacienda department. See [Finances, Mexican].
• Haddon, W. R., on Buena Vista, 1. [557].
• Hagner, P. V.,
  • at Chapultepec, 2. [152];
  • ordnance officer with Scott, [366].
• Haile, ——, on losses at Monterey, 1. [505].
• Hamer, T. L.,
  • as volunteer officer, 1. [207], [481];
  • at Monterey, [253], [254], [492].
• Hamilton, C. S.,
  • on mistakes at Monterey, 1. [503];
  • on army life in Mexico, 2. [321].
• Hamilton, Schuyler, of Scott’s staff, 2. [366].
• Hamley, E. B., on military strategy, 2. [317].
• Hammond, J. H., on war spirit, 1. [127].
• Hamtramck, John, command at Saltillo, 2. [418].
• Hancock, W. S., at Churubusco, 2. [385].
• Hannah Elizabeth, claim, 1. [424].
• Hannegan, E. A.,
  • and expansion, 1. [188];
  • and absorption of Mexico, 2. [243];
  • on Polk and Oregon, [271];
  • position in Senate, [496];
  • on responsibility of Mexico, [508].
• Haralson, H. A., position in House, 2. [496].
• Hardcastle, E. L. F., topographical engineer with Scott, 2. [366].
• Hardee, W. J., captured, expected Mexican victory at Palo Alto, 1. [161].
• Hardin, J. J.,
  • at Buena Vista, 1. [383], [386], [390], [391];
  • charge, killed, [393–4], [556], [559].
• Hargous, Louis,
  • and Santa Anna, 1. [487];
  • Scott’s agent, 2. [362], [396];
  • and navy, [444].
• Harmony, Peter, claim, 1. [426].
• Harney, W. S.,
  • escapade, 1. [268–70], [509];
  • insubordination and magnanimity of Scott, [364–5], [545], [546], 2. [248];
  • and Wool, detached from Wool’s march, 1. [509];
  • brigade, [541];
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [51], [53–6], [352], [354];
  • command in Scott’s army, [77];
  • in advance from Puebla, [93], [94];
  • at San Agustín, [97], [381];
  • at Churubusco, [119];
  • in Mexico City, [164];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [335], [339];
  • La Antigua expedition, [344];
  • during Chapultepec, [408].
• Haro y Tamáriz, Antonio de,
  • and Santa Anna, 2. [4];
  • and financial chaos, [11].
• Harrison, W. H., and control of occupied territory, 2. [285], [497].
• Haskell, W. T., at Cerro Gordo, 2. [56], [57], [353].
• Hawkins, E. S., commands Fort Brown, 1. [468].
• Hays, J. C.,
  • at Monterey, 1. [238], [241], [255], [497], [498], [501];
  • and protection of Texas, [452];
  • operations against guerillas, 2. [172], [423];
  • goes to Scott, [184], [418], [432];
  • character of Rangers, [423].
• Haywood, W. H., Jr., and tariff, 2. [479].
• Heady, W. J., carelessness and capture, 1. [371].
  • See also [Encarnación prisoners].
• Hébert, P. O., at Chapultepec, 2. [410].
• Hecla,
  • in attack on Tuxpán, 2. [444];
  • in Home Squadron, [445];
  • ashore, [446].
• Heintzelman, S. P.,
  • at Huamantla, 2. [426];
  • in Lane’s operations, [426].
• Henderson, G. F. R., on civilian judgment on military subjects, 1. [x].
• Henderson, J. P.,
  • command of Texan troops, 1. [480];
  • division in Monterey campaign, [492], [496];
  • in Monterey negotiations, [502].
• Henry, Thomas, at Cerro Gordo, 2. [55].
• Henry, W. S.,
  • on Camargo camp, 1. [212];
  • on mistakes at Monterey, [502];
  • on Taylor’s force after battle, [507].
• Heredia, J. A.,
  • command at Chihuahua, 1. [305];
  • battle of Sacramento, [306–13];
  • negotiations, [313];
  • displaced, [521].
• Hernández, priest, and Butler, 1. [62].
• Herrera, J. J. de,
  • head of government (1845), 1. [55–6];
  • and resumption of American intercourse, [89], [92], [94], [435], [436];
  • administration totters, [95];
  • and Slidell mission, [96–8], [120], [437];
  • fall, [98–9], [438];
  • endorsed by many (1846), [216], [221];
  • and California, [329];
  • and Santa Anna (1847), 2. [92];
  • peace commissioner, [135];
  • and evacuation of city, [167], [420];
  • and executive power (1847), [180];
  • supports Peña, [180];
  • force, resigns, [182], [429];
  • President (1848), and American evacuation, [252];
  • on restoration of cordiality, [323];
  • and riot during armistice, [396].
• Hervey, L., British agent in Mexico, reports cited passim.
• Heywood, Charles, at San José, 2. [449].
• Hidalgo, Miguel, revolt, 1. [31].
• Hidalgo battalion,
  • formation, 2. [3–4];
  • at San Antonio, [112], [384];
  • at Chapultepec, [410].
• Hill, D. H.,
  • on Monterey, 1. [254], [505];
  • on Pillow, 2. [377].
• Hilliard, H. W., on advance to Rio Grande, 1. [457].
• Hitchcock, E. A.,
  • in Texas, on Taylor, 1. [144], [145], [452];
  • leaves front, [158];
  • Scott’s magnanimity, [545], 2. [248];
  • on Worth’s Chachapa agreement, [70];
  • on Churubusco, [118];
  • on Molino del Rey, [147];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [335];
  • on Worth, [361];
  • of Scott’s staff, [366];
  • and plan of attack on Mexico City, [408].
• Holmes, I. E.,
  • on war spirit, 1. [444];
  • and war bill, [471], [472];
  • on Polk’s alarm, [476].
• Holst, H. E. von,
  • on Polk and war, 1. [472], [473];
  • on justice of acquiring California, 2. [322].
• Home Squadron during the war,
  • vessels, distribution, men, 2. [189], [197], [442], [444–6].
  • See also [Conner]; [Perry].
• Hooker, Joseph, at Monterey, 1. [253].
• Hopping, E. D., brigade in Taylor’s force, 2. [417].
• Horn, Carlos, at Mazatlán, 2. [448].
• Horsemanship, Mexican, 1. [24].
• Houses,
  • Mexican, 1. [18–20], [23];
  • inns, [20].
• Houston, Sam,
  • European intrigue, 1. [82];
  • and treaty of peace, 2. [247].
• Howard, Joshua, regiment, 2. [363].
• Hoya Pass,
  • as defensive point, 2. [39], [42];
  • abandoned, [58], [60].
• Huamantla, battle, 2. [176–8], [425–6].
• Hudson, Charles, position in House, 2. [496].
• Hudson, T. B., in battle of Sacramento, 1. [309], [311], [312].
• Huejutla, prisoners of war at, 2. [418].
• Huger, Benjamin,
  • at Molino del Rey, 2. [143], [145], [146];
  • at Chapultepec, [149], [153], [409];
  • at San Cosme garita, [161], [162], [415];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [335];
  • ordnance officer with Scott, [356], [366].
• Hughes, G. W.,
  • reconnaissance in Wool’s march, 1. [271];
  • on population of Mexico, [407];
  • on Wool’s force, [509];
  • as governor of Jalapa, 2. [224], [230].
• Hull, J. B., off western coast of Mexico, 2. [205].
• Humboldt, Alexander von,
  • on léperos, 1. [6];
  • and the war, 2. [299], [309];
  • on justice of acquisition of California, [322].
• Hunt, H. J.,
  • at Chapultepec, 2. [156];
  • at San Cosme garita, [162].
• Hunt, W. E., in occupation of Tampico, 1. [279].
• Hunter, C. G., at Alvarado, 2. [344].
• Ibarra, D.,
  • removed, 2. [66];
  • and Trist mission, [130], [390];
  • attack on, [367].
• Iguala, Plan of, 1. [33].
• Illinois, hard times and unrest, 1. [124].
  • See also Illinois troops.
• Illinois troops,
  • at Buena Vista, 1. [383], [386], [387], [389], [390], [556], [559];
  • in Wool’s march, [509];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [343];
  • leave Scott, [356];
  • call and response (1847), [364], [365], [430], [431];
  • in Taylor’s later force, [417];
  • at Tampico, [418];
  • for Scott, [423].
• Importance of the war, 1. [vii].
• Independence, in Pacific squadron, 2. [189], [206], [446], [447].
• Independence Hill at Monterey, 1. [239], [497];
  • capture, [244–6], [499].
• Independence of Mexico,
  • incitation, 1. [30–1];
  • Hidalgo’s revolt, [31];
  • partisan warfare, [31–2];
  • education for, [32];
  • revolt of oligarchy and Itúrbide, Plan of Iguala, [32–3];
  • Itúrbide’s rule, [33–5];
  • his overthrow, [35];
  • Congress, first republican constitution, [35–7], [412], [413];
  • Victoria’s administration, [37–8];
  • expulsion of Gachupines, [39], [42], [413];
  • Spanish invasion (1829), [41].
• Independencia battalion,
  • formation, 2. [3];
  • revolts, [13];
  • at Churubusco, [111], [382].
• Indiana troops,
  • at Buena Vista, 1. [386], [388], [390], [391], [555], [557];
  • call (1847), 2. [364], [431];
  • in Taylor’s later force, [417];
  • sent to Scott, [418];
  • at Huamantla, [426];
  • in Lane’s operations, [426], [427];
  • garrison at Puebla, [433].
• Indianapolis, enlistments, 1. [195].
• Indianapolis State Sentinel, on Mexicans, 1. [118].
• Indians,
  • characteristics and conditions of Mexican, 1. [4], [18], [21];
  • Mexican, as soldiers, [10], [161], [463];
  • and independence, [31];
  • Mexico counts on help of American, [107];
  • in Kearny’s expedition, [288];
  • war and raids, [269], [509];
  • submission in New Mexico, [298];
  • employment in war, [509];
  • raids on American expeditions, [515].
• Indicador, on war lethargy, 1. [214].
• Industry, conditions of Mexican, 1. [6], [15–7], [22].
• Ingersoll, C. J.,
  • on Polk and war, 1. [456];
  • on war bill, [472];
  • on lesson of the war, 2. [324];
  • position in House, [496].
• Ingersoll, J. R., position in House, 2. [496].
• Ingraham, D. N., at Tampico, 1. [512].
• Iniestra, Ignacio, and California, 1. [522].
• Inns, Mexican, 1. [20].
• Intellectual life, lack in Mexico, 1. [20].
• Intelligence arrangements and reconnaissance,
  • Taylor’s neglect, 1. [145], [161], [208], [226], [249], [374], [451], [464], [476], [478], [549];
  • Scott’s, 2. [72], [332], [362].
• Internal improvements, and Democratic dissensions, 2. [271], [281].
• Interposition,
  • Mexican hope of Spanish-American, 1. [111];
  • and of European, [112–5], [122], [442];
  • question of British, 2. [301–4], [504–6];
  • and of French, [304];
  • effect of American victories, [305].
• Iowa troops, non-active, 2. [511].
• Ireland,
  • famine, effect on American finances, 2. [263], [484];
  • American relief and the war, [304].
• Irish in American army,
  • Mexican propaganda among, 1. [507], 2. [81], [358];
  • deserters in Santa Anna’s army, [88], [385];
  • in Mexican hospital force, [347].
  • See also [San Patricio battalion].
• Irregulars. See [Guerilla warfare].
• Irving, Washington, American minister at Madrid, reports cited passim.
• Irwin, J. R., Scott’s chief quartermaster, 2. [366].
• Irwin, William, at Marín, 1. [562].
• Isunza, J. R., governor of Puebla, and Scott’s advance, 2. [66], [69], [95].
• Iturbe, ——, finance minister, graft, 1. [214], 2. [328].
• Itúrbide, Agustín de,
  • and war on insurgents, 1. [31];
  • revolt, [33];
  • rule, [33–5];
  • overthrow, [35];
  • and Congress, [35];
  • execution, [37];
  • seizure by, [426];
  • and financial system, 2. [6].
• Iztaccihuatl, Mount, aspect, 2. [93].
• Izucar de Matamoros, Lane at, 2. [179], [427].
• Jackson, Andrew,
  • and Texas, 1. [62], [419], [428];
  • and Sabine River boundary, [64];
  • and claims on Mexico, [77–8], [428];
  • and war spirit, [124].
• Jackson, T. J.,
  • at Chapultepec, 2. [154], [160], [410];
  • at Contreras, [378];
  • at Molino del Rey, [403].
• Jalapa,
  • site, aspect, 1. [2], 2. [63], [223];
  • march of Scott’s army for, [38], [45–8];
  • Mexican preparations on route, [39–42], [346];
  • defences at Cerro Gordo, [42–5], [347], [348];
  • battle of Cerro Gordo, [48–59];
  • occupied, [59], [354];
  • Scott at, his problems of advance, [61–5];
  • American garrison, [74], [361], [362], [433];
  • American rule, [223–5], [230], [231], [458];
  • Scott’s fortification, [358].
• Jalisco Lancers, at Monterey, 1. [494].
• Jalisco state, and Santa Anna, 1. 376 ;
  • in discussion on peace, 2. [464].
• Jarauta, C. D. de,
  • as guerilla, 2. [171];
  • offers to join Americans, [421];
  • executed, [423].
• Jarero, J. M., at Cerro Gordo, 2. [44].
• Jarnagin, Spencer, and tariff of 1846, 2. [257], [496].
• Jay, John, and War of 1812, 2. [280].
• Jefferson, Tampico incident, 1. [425].
• Jesup, T. S.,
  • and tents, 1. [206];
  • and Wool’s train, [274];
  • Taylor on, [352];
  • quartermaster general, [475];
  • and Taylor’s inadequate preparations for Monterey campaign, [482], [491];
  • and preparations for Vera Cruz expedition, [545].
• Jesup, Fort, troops at (1845), 1. [140].
• Jobson, S., on Ulúa, 1. [536].
• John Adams,
  • and Vera Cruz expedition, 2. [18];
  • in Home Squadron, [197], [446];
  • in attack on Tuxpán, [444].
• Johnson, Andrew, on cause of war, 1. [189].
• Johnson, Sir Thomas, Mexican partisan, 1. [531].
• Johnston, A. S.,
  • at Monterey, 1. [253];
  • Texan regiment for Taylor, [480];
  • staff position, [492].
• Johnston, J. E.,
  • at Chapultepec, 2. [154], [155];
  • takes reinforcements to Scott, [184];
  • force at Puebla, [432].
• Jomini, Baron de,
  • on simplicity of war, 1. [x];
  • on generalship, 2. [315].
• Jones, Anson, on Polk and war, 1. [445], [446].
• Jones, Roger, adjutant general, 1. [474].
• Jones, T. A. C.,
  • occupation of Monterey, 1. [69], [323], [327], [423];
  • commands Pacific squadron, 2. [448].
• Jones, W. D., American consul at Mexico, reports cited passim.
• Jornada del Muerto, Doniphan’s march, 1. [300], [518].
• Journal des Débats,
  • on sympathy with Mexico, 1. [112–4];
  • on monarchist plan, [470];
  • attitude toward United States, 2. [295];
  • on weakness of Mexico, [297];
  • on outbreak of war, [300];
  • on Palmerston, [301];
  • and interposition, [304];
  • on American victories, [305];
  • and terms of peace, [308], [309];
  • on Mexico expedition as achievement, [321];
  • criticism of military operations, [507].
• Juárez, B. P., and demand on Church property, 2. [10], [11].
• Judiciary,
  • Mexican, character, 1. [12–3], [409], [427];
  • in occupied territory, 2. [229].
• Juno, at Santa Barbara, 1. [527].
• Justice of the war, 1. [ix], [66–7], [70–83], [98], [100–1], [116–22], [136–7], [187], [190], [325–7], 2. [310–1], [322–4], [514].
• Juvera, J., at Venado, 1. [553].
• Kearny, Philip,
  • in Scott’s army, 2. [77];
  • at Churubusco, [119].
• Kearny, S. W.,
  • preparation for Santa Fe expedition, force, 1. [286], [288], [515];
  • map of route, [287];
  • march to Bent’s Fort, [288–9], [515];
  • caravan with, [289];
  • Armijo’s preparations, [289], [292–3];
  • Price’s reinforcement, [290], [516];
  • Mormon battalion, [290], [516];
  • proclamation and letter to Armijo, [290], [516];
  • advance to San Miguel, [291];
  • assurances to inhabitants, [291–2], [516];
  • expected fight at Apache Canyon, condition of force, [292–3], [516];
  • resistance abandoned, [293–5], [516–7];
  • occupies Santa Fe, [295–6];
  • march to southern district, [297];
  • leaves for California, [297], [517];
  • reaches it, condition of force, [341];
  • battle of San Pascual, [341–2], [534];
  • in advance on Los Angeles, [342–3];
  • rule in New Mexico, 2. [217];
  • rule in California, [217];
  • governor of Mexico City, [438];
  • and Frémont, [454];
  • governor of Vera Cruz, [457];
  • leaves Mexico City, [476].
• Kendall, Amos, on peace, 2. [314].
• Kendall, G. W.,
  • in Santa Fe expedition, 1. [72];
  • on losses at Monterey, [505].
• Kendrick, H. L., at siege of Puebla, 2. [424].
• Kenly, J. R., on war enthusiasm of Mexicans, 1. [442].
• Kennedy, ——, and Rebolledo, 2. [423].
• Kent, William, on the war, 2. [273].
• Kentucky troops,
  • enlistments, 1. [195];
  • in Monterey campaign, [255], [492], [496];
  • at Buena Vista, [383], [386], [388], [554], [555], [558];
  • in Wool’s march, [509];
  • at Saltillo, [541];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [343];
  • at Cerro Gordo, [352];
  • in Taylor’s later force, [417];
  • call (1847), [431].
• Kerr, Croghan,
  • at Palo Alto, 1. [164], [168];
  • at Resaca de la Palma, [172], [467].
• Kilburn, C. L., at Buena Vista, 1. [391], [558].
• Kimball, E. A., at Chapultepec, 2. [410].
• King, Preston, position in House, 2. [496].
• King, W. R., American minister at Paris,
  • on war and slavery, 1. [189];
  • on French war sentiment, 2. [300];
  • on importance of victories, [305].
• Kingsbury, Private, on Mexican women, 2. [230].
• Kirby, Edmund, Scott’s chief paymaster, 2. [366].
• Kribben, Christian, on Chihuahua Rangers, 1. [519].
• La Angostura. See [Angostura].
• La Antigua. See [Antigua].
• La Atalaya. See [Atalaya].
• La Bahía. See [Bahía].
• Laboring class in Mexico, 1. [6].
• Laclede Rangers,
  • in Kearny’s expedition, 1. [288];
  • to hold Santa Fe, [298].
• La Encarnación. See [Encarnación].
• Lafragua, J. M., and peace negotiations, 2. [466].
• Lagos coalition. See [Coalition].
• Laguna, occupation, 2. [201], [204], [445].
• La Hoya Pass. See [Hoya].
• Lally, F. T.,
  • guerilla attacks on, 2. [171], [422];
  • takes reinforcements to Scott, [184];
  • rule at Jalapa, [224];
  • at Huamantla, [426];
  • in Lane’s operations, [426].
• Lampazos company, at Monterey, 1. [494].
• Lancers of the Poisoned Spear, 2. [173].
• Landero, J. J. de, and surrender of Vera Cruz, 2. [33], [334], [340], [342].
• Lane, Camp, 1. [480].
• Lane, Joseph,
  • at Saltillo, 1. [371];
  • at Buena Vista, [390], [555], [557];
  • march to relieve Puebla, 2. [176], [425];
  • battle of Huamantla, [176–8], [426];
  • reaches Puebla, [178];
  • operations against guerillas, [179], [426–7];
  • conduct of soldiers, [225];
  • brigade in Taylor’s force, [417];
  • career and character, [425];
  • retained in service, [432].
• La Paz. See [Paz].
• La Peña redoubt. See [Peña].
• Laplace, C. P. T., and California, 1. [523].
• Laredo, occupation, 1. [452].
• Larkin, T. O.,
  • as trader in California, 1. [317];
  • on American immigrants, [318];
  • on independence, [321];
  • American consul, [324];
  • on attitude of England, [325];
  • on peaceful absorption, [325];
  • instructions to, as confidential agent, [325], [329];
  • and taking possession at Monterey, [334], [335], [530];
  • in first southern campaign, [337];
  • captured, [536].
• Larnard, C. H., on Taylor, 1. [204], [470].
• La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, Duc de,
  • on detail, 1. [ix];
  • on greatness, 2. [314], [316].
• La Rosa, Luis de. See [Rosa.]
• Las Bocas. See [Bocas].
• Las Vegas, Kearny’s expedition at, 1. [291].
• Las Vigas. See [Vigas.]
• La Vaca. See [Port La Vaca].
• Lavallette, E. A. F.,
  • at Guaymas, 2. [206], [447];
  • evacuates Mazatlán, [476].
• La Vega, R. Díaz de,
  • and Rio Grande campaign, 1. [158], [179];
  • captured at Resaca de la Palma, [467];
  • in preparations below Perote, 2. [40], [42], [346];
  • at Cerro Gordo, [44];
  • captured, not paroled, [354].
• La Viga garita. See [Viga].
• Law of April 20, 1847, 2. [81], [130], [135], [367], [389], [393].
• Law of February 4, 1847, 2. [12], [15].
• Law of January 11, 1847, passage and conflict over, 2. [8–15], [329–32].
• Lawrence, in Home Squadron, 2. [442].
• Laws, chaos of Mexican, 1. [12].
• Lawson, Thomas, surgeon general, 1. [366], [475].
• Lay, G. W., of Scott’s staff, 2. [366].
• Leavenworth, Fort, aspect, gathering of Kearny’s expedition, 1. [286].
• Lee, R. E.,
  • in march to Victoria, 1. [358];
  • and landing at Vera Cruz, 2. [23], [336];
  • at siege, [30], [335];
  • at Cerro Gordo, [49–51], [53], [349];
  • reconnoitres Contreras, [103];
  • at battle, [108], [109], [378];
  • at Churubusco, [110], [383], [384];
  • on plan to attack Mexico City, [149], [408];
  • appearance, [149], [405];
  • on removal of Scott, [188];
  • on Scott as general, [317];
  • on victory and humanity, [324];
  • engineer with Scott, [366], [544];
  • reconnoitres southern approaches of capital, [408];
  • at Chapultepec, [409].
• Leese, Jacob, as trader in California, 1. [318].
• Leggett, Aaron, claim, 1. [427], [430].
• Lendrum, J. H., at San Cosme garita, 2. [414].
• Leo XII, and Mexican church, 1. [408].
• León, Antonio de,
  • brigade, 2. [67], [369];
  • and revolt in Oaxaca, [369];
  • at Molino del Rey, killed, [142], [145].
• León, Joaquín Velázquez de, as claims commissioner, 1. [80], [429–31].
• Leonidas letter,
  • on Scott, 2. [187], [435–7];
  • on Pillow at Contreras, [376].
• Léperos, 1. [6];
  • and American soldiers, 2. [166], [459].
• Lerdo de Tejada, M. M., on American rule. 2. [221].
• Lesson of the war to Mexico, 2. [323–4], [514].
• Levant, in Pacific squadron, 2. [189], [447].
• Lewis, D. H., position in Senate, 2. [496].
• Lexington, in Pacific squadron, 2. [447].
• Lexington Commonwealth, on British intrigue in Mexico, 1. [121].
• Libertad redoubt at Monterey, 1. [239], [248].
• Liberty of the press. See Press.
• Lieber, Francis, on justice of acquiring California, 2. [322].
• Lieutenant generalcy, plan for appointment of Benton, 2. [75], [363], [365].
• Ligero cavalry, at Monterey, 1. [494].
• Lillers, Count, on attitude toward Mexico, 1. [119].
• Linares, aspect, 1. [359].
• Lincoln, Abraham,
  • on Doniphan, 1. [299];
  • war criticism, 2. [277], [493].
• Liquor,
  • Mexican drinks, 1. [2], [21];
  • and outrages by American troops, 2. [211–3], [216], [224], [457];
  • regulation at Vera Cruz, [457].
• Livermore, A. A., on slavery as cause of Mexican War, 1. [473].
• Liverpool Mail, sympathy with Mexico, 1. [112].
• Lizardi banking house, robs treasury, 1. [432].
• Llano, M. M., in Monterey negotiations, 1. [502].
• Loans,
  • Mexican, 1. [37], 2. [254];
  • American, [258–60], [479], [481], [485].
  • See also [Finances].
• Lobos Islands, rendezvous for Vera Cruz expedition, 1. [367], 2. [17].
• Local government, in occupied territory, 1. [338], 2. [218], [229], [461].
  • See also [Police].
• Loch, G. G., and Cerro Gordo, 2. [348].
• Locofocos, and Polk, 2. [270], [281].
• Löwenstern, Isidor, on Mexican abandonment of California, 1. [319].
• Lombardini, M. M.,
  • at Buena Vista, 1. [389–91], [559];
  • character and command, 2. [88];
  • retirement from Chapultepec, [412].
• Lomita, Camp, 1. [480].
• London Daily News, on conduct of Americans in Mexico, 2. [226].
• London Examiner,
  • on expected war, 1. [134];
  • criticism of military operations, 2. [307];
  • on trade through occupied ports, [505];
  • on Polk, [510].
• London Globe,
  • and peace, 2. [125];
  • and interposition, [303].
• London Journal of Commerce, on American aggression, 1. [113].
• London Morning Chronicle,
  • on California, 1. [322];
  • on outbreak of war, 2. [300];
  • criticism of military operations, [307], [308];
  • on American people, [502];
  • on interposition, [505];
  • on the war and development, [514].
• London Morning Herald,
  • chances of expected war, 1. [108];
  • on annexation of Texas, [113].
• London Post, on outbreak of war, 2. [300].
• London Standard, on chances of expected war, 1. [109], [113].
• London Times,
  • on monarchy for Mexico, 1. [95], [135];
  • on chances of expected war, [105], [106], [110], [113], [441], [442];
  • on Oregon and Mexico, [115];
  • on American hostility to England, [121];
  • on Taylor’s force in Mexico, [142];
  • on Santa Anna, [216];
  • on California, [322], [524];
  • on Santa Anna at San Luis Potosí, [379];
  • on Slidell mission, [437];
  • on Mexican finances, 2. [8];
  • attack on United States, [91];
  • and peace, [125], [235];
  • on American government, [294];
  • on military titles, [294];
  • on American people, [295];
  • on absorption of Mexico, [297];
  • on outbreak of the war, [300];
  • and interposition, [302], [306], [505];
  • criticism of military operations, [306–8];
  • on Mexican policy, [310];
  • on probable pillage, [324].
• Longstreet, James,
  • at Chapultepec, 2. [157];
  • at Churubusco, [385].
• López de Santa Anna. See [Santa Anna].
• López Uraga, J. See [Uraga].
• Loring, W. W., at Cerro Gordo, 2. [350], [352].
• Los Angeles,
  • in 1846, 1. [315];
  • occupied by Americans, [337];
  • Gillespie’s rule, rising against it, [338–9], [533–4];
  • American advance and recapture, [342–4], [535];
  • map of engagement near, [344].
• Louis Philippe,
  • and Texas, 1. [67], 2. [304];
  • policy of neutrality, [300].
  • See also [France].
• Louisa, claim, 1. 42 [426].
• Louisiana Purchase,
  • Mexican negotiations on boundary, 1. [59–61];
  • and Texas, [138].
• Louisiana troops,
  • calls, 1. [150], [480], [537], 2. [364], [365], [430];
  • in Vera Cruz expedition, 1. [368], 2. [336], [343];
  • at Tampico, 1. [546], [547];
  • with Scott, 2. [422];
  • at Huamantla, [426].
• Louisville Legion, at Monterey, 1. [255].
• Lowell, J. R.,
  • and secession, 2. [272];
  • on slavery and the war, [274];
  • opposition to the war, [279].
• Lower California,
  • map of tip, 2. [207];
  • naval occupation, counter-attacks, [207–8], [448–9], [454];
  • in peace negotiations, [469], [476].
• Lozano, Ramón, Spanish chargé at Mexico,
  • and peace negotiations, 2. [135], [396], [467];
  • on Spain and Mexico, [297];
  • on Mexican force at time of evacuation, [416].
• Lumpkin, Wilson, opposes war, 1. [189].
• McCall, G. A., at Resaca de la Palma, 1. [170], [172].
• McCall, J. G., American consul at Tampico, reports cited passim.
• McClellan, G. B.,
  • on Brazos Island camp, 1. [205];
  • engineer, [451];
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [349], [353];
  • with Scott, [366];
  • at Contreras, [378];
  • on volunteers, [513].
• McClellan, John, topographical engineer with Scott, 2. [366].
• McClung, A. K., at Monterey, 1. [253].
• McCulloch, Ben, on scout, 1. [204];
  • rangers in advance on Monterey, [236];
  • at battle of Monterey, [243], [498];
  • and Santa Anna’s advance, [382], [554];
  • at Buena Vista, [556].
• McFaul, Eneas, Jr., American consul at Laguna, reports cited passim.
• McGillivray, Simon, claim, 1. [427].
• McIlvaine, A. R.,
  • on advance to Rio Grande, 1. [456];
  • on cause of the war, 2. [493].
• McIntosh, J. S.,
  • in Texas, 1. [143];
  • at Palo Alto, [164];
  • reinforcements for Scott, guerilla attacks, 2. [76–7], [171], [422];
  • at Molino del Rey, wounded, [144], [145], [403].
• Mackall, W. W.,
  • battery at Monterey, 1. [241], [243], [248], [258], [492], [496], [508];
  • and volunteer officers, [481];
  • on Pillow, 2. [433].
• McKay, J. J., position in the House, 2. [496].
• McKee, W. R.,
  • at Buena Vista, 1. [388], [390], [391], [394], [555], [557];
  • killed, [394].
• Mackenzie, A. S., and Santa Anna, 1. [202–3], [479].
• McKenzie, Samuel, at Chapultepec, 2. [153], [157].
• Mackintosh, E., British consul at Mexico,
  • and California, 1. [524], 2. [302];
  • and peace, [133], [467];
  • and Mexican finances, [254], [255], [477].
• McLane, Louis, American minister at London,
  • on England and the war, 1. [442];
  • on British dislike, 2. [295];
  • on Europe and Texas, [502];
  • on Mexican sympathy in England, [300];
  • on attitude of France, [503];
  • on British interposition, [302], [303];
  • and vigorous war, [305];
  • and Aberdeen and warning on annexation, [308];
  • on influence abroad of the war, [324].
• McLane, R. M., takes instructions to Taylor, 1. [350].
• McLane,
  • in attack on Alvarado, 2. [199];
  • in Tabasco expedition, [200].
• McNamara, Eugene,
  • California grant, 1. [527];
  • and Mexican propaganda, 2. [81].
• McPherson, J. D., on Marcy, 1. [475].
• McReynolds, A. T., with Scott, 2. [77].
• Madrid Heraldo, on the war, 2. [298], [503].
• Magoffin, James,
  • character, 1. [293];
  • and Armijo, [293], [516].
• Magruder, J. B.,
  • battery at Cerro Gordo, 2. [55];
  • at Contreras, [104], [105], [378];
  • at Chapultepec, [154], [161];
  • light artillery, [366];
  • at Molino del Rey, [403].
• Maguey, drink from, 1. [508].
• Mahonese, in Home Squadron, 2. [446].
• Maldonado, E., and brother, at San Juan Bautista, 2. [446].
• Malek Adel,
  • captured, 2. [205], [446];
  • added to navy, [447].
• Mangino, R., Mexican chargé at Paris, reports cited passim.
• Mangum, W. P.,
  • on Polk, 2. [270];
  • position in Senate, [496].
• Manifest destiny, and attitude toward Mexico, 1. [123], [444], 2. [322].
  • See also Annexations.
• Mansfield, J. K. F., at Monterey, 1. [239], [250], [251], [500];
  • on Fort Brown, [468];
  • at Buena Vista, [555].
• Manufactures, attempted promotion in Mexico, 1. [16–7].
• Manzanillo, occupied, 2. [207].
• Map of Mexico, 1. [xxii].
• Marchante, Francisco, and evacuation of Tampico, 1. [512].
• Marcy, Fort, at Santa Fe, 1. [296].
• Marcy, W. L.,
  • and Taylor’s occupation of Texas, 1. [142], [452];
  • and advance to Rio Grande, instructions, [144], [453], [463], [490];
  • and raising of army, [191], [193];
  • clash with Scott, [190–1], [477];
  • appearance, [193];
  • and Scott’s deliberateness, [199];
  • and occupation of Tamaulipas, [263], [360];
  • and Monterey armistice, [263];
  • and advance to Saltillo, [264];
  • and defensive-line policy, [283];
  • and Price’s force, [290];
  • relations with Scott, [354];
  • throws responsibility of Vera Cruz plans on him, [355], [540];
  • as claims commissioner, [430];
  • character, [475];
  • on Polk’s alarm, [476];
  • and volunteers, [480], 2. [320];
  • and Wool’s march, 1. [510];
  • and further calls for volunteers, [537];
  • and Scott’s preparations, [539], [544], [545];
  • and Taylor’s Presidential ambition, [547];
  • and Ten Regiment Bill, 2. [74];
  • and peace negotiations, [122];
  • and Trist-Scott quarrel, [128], [129], [389], [390];
  • and failure of negotiations (1847), [138];
  • recalls Price, [166];
  • and Scott and cabal, [188], [437];
  • on Conner, [202];
  • and Scott’s order for military government, [220];
  • appointment to Cabinet, [271];
  • and Gaines’s six-months men, [272];
  • on Democratic dissensions, [281];
  • political despair, [291];
  • on opposition, [292];
  • and Mexico expedition, [343], [346];
  • and Scott’s release of time-expired men, [356];
  • on Scott at Puebla, [362];
  • does not expect peace, [391];
  • and douceur, [391];
  • on guerilla warfare, [423];
  • and war policy after capture of Mexico City, [430];
  • on number of volunteers, [431].
• Marín, occupied, 1. [562].
• Marín, T., guerilla, 2. [421].
• Marines,
  • in Scott’s army, 2. [78], [366], [432], [511];
  • at Chapultepec, [156], [410];
  • in Mexico City, [163], [164];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [335].
• Markoe, C, on opposition to the war, 2. [314], [510].
• Marshall, Thomas,
  • at Buena Vista, 1. [386], [388], [390], [555], [558];
  • at Brazos, [476];
  • left at Camargo, [493];
  • brigade, 2. [417];
  • retained in service, [432];
  • arrives at Mexico City, [432];
  • division leaves Mexico City, [476].
• Martin, Alexandre, French agent in Mexico, on Mexican army, 1. [408].
• Martin, J. J. M., American chargé at Paris,
  • on France and tariff for Mexican ports, 2. [484];
  • on Europe and Texas, [502].
• Martin, Judge, acknowledgment to, 1. [444].
• Martínez, F. P., Mexican minister at Washington, and claims, 1. [78], [79], [429].
• Martínez, General, brigade, 2. [369].
• Martínez, J. A., guerilla, 2. [421].
• Maryland troops,
  • calls (1847), 2. [364], [431];
  • in Taylor’s later force, [417];
  • at Jalapa, [433].
  • See also [Washington and Baltimore battalion].
• Mason, J. L.,
  • reconnoitres San Antonio, 2. [102];
  • and Molino del Rey, [142];
  • wounded, [144];
  • at Cerro Gordo, [349].
• Mason, J. T., and Scott, 1. [476].
• Mason, J. Y.,
  • as secretary of the navy, 2. [191], [196];
  • and offensive operations, [198], [200];
  • and Lower California, [207].
• Mason, R. B., as governor of California, 2. [218–20];
  • and occupation of western coast of Mexico, [448];
  • supposed force, [432].
• Masons, in Mexican politics, 1. [34], [38], [43], [413].
• Massachusetts, and the war, 2. [274], [493].
  • See also [Massachusetts troops].
• Massachusetts, in Vera Cruz expedition, 2. [18], [25], [26].
• Massachusetts troops,
  • call, 1. [537];
  • in Taylor’s later force, 2. [417];
  • sent to Scott, [418].
• Matamoros, Taylor’s assurance of peaceful intentions, 1. [146], [148], [151], [454];
  • Taylor’s force across river from, [148], [454];
  • Mexican force at, [158], [462];
  • fortification, [158];
  • map, [159];
  • Mexicans abandon, [177–8];
  • Taylor occupies, [178], [204], [480];
  • under American rule, [481], 2. [211–2], [450];
  • troops left at, 1. [493], 2. [417];
  • American tariff, [484].
• Matamoros de Morelia battalion, at Chapultepec, 2. [408].
• Matehuala, troops at, 1. [550], [552].
• Matson, H. S., and siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [33], [305], [337].
• May, C. A.,
  • at Palo Alto, 1. [164], [168];
  • at Resaca de la Palma, appearance and character, [174], [467];
  • advance to Saltillo, [264];
  • return to Monterey with Taylor, [368];
  • and Santa Anna’s advance, [382], [554];
  • in march to Victoria, [541];
  • at Buena Vista, [555].
• Mayer, Brantz, and advance to Rio Grande, 1. [152].
• Mayo, Isaac, at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [338].
• Mazapil, occupied, 2. [418].
• Mazatlán,
  • as port, 1. [3];
  • revolt (1846), [485];
  • temporary blockades, 2. [205], [446], [447];
  • aspect, [206];
  • under Téllez, [207], [447];
  • occupied, [207], [208], [448];
  • map, [207];
  • evacuated, [476].
• Meade, G. G.,
  • at Resaca de la Palma, 1. [173];
  • on Taylor’s operations, [177], [179];
  • on raw volunteers, [207], [208];
  • at Monterey, [246], [251], [499];
  • on war blunders, [267];
  • on Taylor’s defensive-line plan, [282];
  • on Taylor as general, [470];
  • on his lack of information, [490];
  • on organization of army in Monterey campaign, [493];
  • on Worth, [498].
• Mediation,
  • British offers, 2. [301], [368], [503–4];
  • Spain and, [502].
  • See also [Interposition.]
• Medical corps, Mexican, 1. [157].
• Mejía, Francisco,
  • ruse at Arroyo Colorado, 1. [147];
  • and Taylor at Rio Grande, [148];
  • and irregulars in Texas, [153], [154];
  • on Taylor and his force, [158], [159];
  • propaganda among American troops, [160];
  • and advance against Taylor, [162], [464], [467];
  • succeeds Arista in command, [178];
  • restores morale, [225];
  • appearance, [226];
  • plan at Monterey, [226];
  • preparations to resist Taylor there, [230];
  • and holding of Monterey, [231], [494];
  • and brigade command, [462];
  • in battle of Monterey, [494], [500];
  • at Matehuala, [552];
  • in Army of the North, 2. [369].
• Mejía, J. A.,
  • revolt, 1. [49];
  • Americans in revolt executed, [70].
• Mejía, Vicente, attack on La Paz, 2. [448].
• Memorial Histórico, on monarchist plans, 1. [90].
• Memphis, enlistments, 1. [195].
• Memphis Daily Eagle, on enlisting, 1. [195].
• Memphis Enquirer, on war spirit, 1. [127].
• Mendoza, F., guerilla, 2. [421].
• Mendoza, N., brigade in Monterey campaign, 1. [494];
  • at Contreras, 2. [109].
• Mercantile class in Mexico, 1. [5], [17];
  • favor peace, 2. [130].
  • See also [Commerce].
• Mercantile system, and Spanish colonies, 1. [29].
• Merritt, Ezekiel, at San Diego, 1. [534].
• Merryman vs. Bourne, title by conquest, 2. [468].
• Mervine, William,
  • at Monterey, Cal., 1. [335];
  • in second southern campaign, [340];
  • on Stockton, [534].
• Mexicaltzingo, plan to advance by, 2. [96], [372–3].
• Mexican Spy Company, Scott’s, 2. [72], [362], [476].
• Mexican War.
  • The analysis is carried out through the titles [Army]; [Attitude]; [Cause]; [Conquered territory]; [Cost]; [Diplomatic intercourse]; [Finances]; [Foreign relations]; [Government]; [Guerilla]; [Importance]; [Justice]; [Navy;] [Opposition]; [Outbreak]; [Peace]; [Politics]; [Popularity]; [Preparation]; [Programme;]
  • and the leaders and campaigns by name, especially [Buena Vista]; [California]; [Doniphan]; [Mexico expedition]; [Monterey]; [New Mexico]; [Rio Grande]; [Santa Anna]; [Scott, Winfield]; [Taylor, Zachary]; [Vera Cruz]; [Wool].
• Mexico, Valley of,
  • topography, 2. [79];
  • map, [80];
  • aspect, [94], [119], [138];
  • view from Chapultepec, [158].
• Mexico battalion, at Monterey, 1. [494].
• Mexico City,
  • situation, 1. [2];
  • profile of route from Vera Cruz, [2];
  • aspect and life, charm, [21–8], 2. [228];
  • southern and western approaches, map, [141], [147];
  • clerical incitation against Americans, [142];
  • Quitman at Belén garita, [158–60], [162], [412], [414–6];
  • map of citadel, [159];
  • capture of San Cosme garita, [161–2], [413], [414], [416];
  • evacuated by Mexicans, release of criminals, [163], [415], [420];
  • Americans take possession, [163], [415];
  • Quitman first governor, [164], [460];
  • uprising against Americans, [166–8], [420];
  • clemency toward, [226], [459];
  • military discipline in, [226], [459–60];
  • resumption of ordinary life, attitude of clergy, [226];
  • invasion of Americanisms, [227];
  • social excesses, [227–8], [460];
  • local government, [229];
  • police, [229];
  • social relations with Americans, [230];
  • American evacuation, [252], [476];
  • riot during armistice, [396];
  • Kearny governor, [438];
  • location of troops during occupation, [461].
  • See also [Mexico expedition].
• Mexico expedition,
  • proposals, 1. [349];
  • question of campaign left open, [351];
  • Taylor’s attitude, [352–3], [362–3], [543];
  • influence of Scott’s victories and treatment on Mexicans, 2. [36], [45], [65], [80], [81];
  • dangers stated, [37];
  • Scott’s preparations at Vera Cruz, [37];
  • his proclamation before starting, [38], [344];
  • transportation problem, Antigua and Alvarado expeditions, [38], [344–5];
  • start, march to Cerro Gordo, [39], [45–8], [345], [348];
  • map of Vera Cruz to Perote, [39];
  • Santa Anna’s plans and preparations below Perote, [39–42], [346];
  • maps of Cerro Gordo, [40], [43], [51];
  • and yellow fever, [42], [59], [64], [348];
  • defences and force at Cerro Gordo, [42–5], [347], [348];
  • battle of Cerro Gordo, [48–59], [349–55];
  • occupation of Jalapa, [59], [354];
  • pursuit to Perote, [60–1];
  • Scott at Jalapa, his problems: of supplies, [61–3], [355];
  • of Santa Anna’s intentions, [62];
  • of time-expired men, [63–4], [356];
  • force after departure of time-expired men, [64], [356];
  • advance to Puebla, [64], [66], [69];
  • map of profile Vera Cruz to Mexico, [62];
  • secret arrangement with clergy for occupation of Puebla, [65–6], [357];
  • Scott’s proclamation at Jalapa, May 11, [66], [357–8];
  • Santa Anna’s preparations at Orizaba, [67–8], [359];
  • political influence on his movements, [68];
  • Santa Anna at Puebla, [69], [360];
  • Amozoc affair, [69–70], [360];
  • Worth’s erroneous agreement with Puebla, [70];
  • occupation of Puebla, [71];
  • Worth’s rule there, [71–2], [361];
  • Scott’s intelligence system, [72], [332], [362];
  • condition of Scott’s army in Puebla, [72–3], [362];
  • concentration, communications severed, and reinforcements awaited there, [73], [357], [362], [363], [365];
  • Ten Regiment Bill to increase regulars, [74–6], [363];
  • proposed appointment of Benton as commanding general, [75], [363], [365];
  • further call for volunteers, [76–7], [364];
  • arrival of reinforcements, [76], [365];
  • organization and size of Scott’s force in final advance, [77], [93], [365], [366];
  • condition of force then, [78];
  • situation of capital, [79], [94];
  • unfruitful plans for defence of capital, governmental chaos, [79–82], [367];
  • map of the Valley, [80];
  • Santa Anna’s return to capital, opposition to his control, [82–7];
  • his collection of matériel, [87];
  • his army organization, its character and officers, [87–9], [369];
  • his defensive plan, [89–90], [370];
  • defences, Old Peñón, [90], [369];
  • bolstering morale of inhabitants, [91], [142];
  • their enthusiasm on start of final campaign, [91–2];
  • Scott’s advance from Puebla to Lake Chalco, [92–5], [371];
  • failure of opposition to it, [95], [371];
  • choice of line of advance, [95–6], [372];
  • advance to San Agustín, [96–8], [374];
  • Santa Anna and Scott’s march to southern front, [97–8], [374];
  • Mexican enthusiasm lost, [98];
  • Santa Anna’s southern line, [99], [101], [374];
  • general map of southern line, [100];
  • field and Mexican occupation of Contreras, [101–2], [375];
  • American reconnaissances and problem, [102–3], [375];
  • battle of Contreras, [103–10], [376–80];
  • Santa Anna’s arrangements after Contreras, [110–1], [382];
  • question of American advance to capital after the battle, [112];
  • battle of Churubusco, [111–9], [382–5];
  • Americans after Churubusco, [120];
  • why victory was not followed up, [120], [386], [393];
  • halt at Puebla and negotiations, [130];
  • armistice, [133], [137–8], [394–6], [398–9];
  • armies during armistice, [134], [138–9];
  • defences and force at Molino del Rey, [140–2], [400];
  • map of battles of Mexico City, [141];
  • Scott’s preparations after armistice, [142], [400], [404];
  • battle of Molino del Rey, [143–7], [401–4];
  • southern and western approaches to city, [147];
  • Scott’s plans and caution after Molino del Rey, [148], [404], [408];
  • American conference and problem, decision to attack western gates, [148–9], [408];
  • defences of Chapultepec, [149–52], [405–6];
  • battle of Chapultepec, [152–8], [408–11];
  • Quitman at Belén garita, [158–60], [162], [412], [414–5];
  • capture of San Cosme garita, [161–2], [413–4], [416];
  • evacuation of the city, [163], [415];
  • possession taken by Americans, [163–4], [415–6];
  • American loss in final operations, [165], [411];
  • rising in city, [166–8], [420];
  • adoption of guerilla warfare against, [169];
  • guerilla warfare on line of communication, [171], [422–3];
  • operations against guerillas, [172], [178–9], [423], [426–7];
  • “siege” of Americans at Puebla, [173–5], [424–6];
  • extempore Mexican government, [179–81], [427], [428];
  • problem after capture of city, [183], [430];
  • further tardy reinforcements, [183];
  • size and condition of American force then, [184], [432];
  • plan of further campaign, [184], [432], [433];
  • American evacuation, [251–2], [475], [476];
  • effect on American foreign relations, [305];
  • foreign criticism, [307–8];
  • inadequate force and preparation, [314], [510];
  • achievement, spoils, [321], [416];
  • administration and authorization, [344];
  • Mexican force when it evacuated, [416];
  • supposed American force (Nov., 1847), [432];
  • size of army and posts (May, 1848), [438];
  • distribution of troops after occupying city, [461].
  • See also Conquered territory; Scott, Winfield; Vera Cruz; and battles by name for details.
• Mexico state,
  • and guerilla warfare, 2. [169], [173];
  • and rehabilitation of army, [182];
  • war donation, [254];
  • American assessment, [265];
  • and collapse of federal government, [428].
• Micheltorena, J. M., and Jones’s occupation, 1. [69], [423];
  • in California, [319].
• Michigan troops,
  • call, 2. [431];
  • at Orizaba, [433].
• Michoacán state, and Santa Anna, 1. [376];
  • in discussion on peace, 2. [464].
• Middle class in Mexico, 1. [5], [27].
• Mier,
  • occupied, 1. [210];
  • as camp, [212];
  • force at, 2. [417].
• Mier y Terán, M. de, popularity, 1. [44].
• Miles, D. S.,
  • at Camargo, 1. [210–2];
  • at Monterey, [245], [498];
  • guerilla attack on, 2. [422], [433].
• Military government. See Conquered territory.
• Miller, Captain, at siege of Puebla, 2. [424].
• Miller, Sergeant, on camp life, 1. [207].
• Mina battalion, at Chapultepec, 2. [408].
• Mining, Mexican industry, 1. [2], [15].
• Miñón, J. J.,
  • captures by, 1. [371];
  • on eve of Buena Vista, [381], [383];
  • in the battle, [384], [386], [391], [395], [396], [556], [559];
  • brigade as screen at San Luis Potosí, [550].
• Minor, George, at San Diego, 1. [534].
• Mints,
  • Mexican, 1. [16];
  • rented, 2. [255].
• Mississippi,
  • in occupation of Tampico, 1. [279], [281];
  • yellow fever, 2. [195];
  • in Home Squadron, [197], [442], [446];
  • in attack on Alvarado, [198], [199];
  • in Tabasco expedition, [204];
  • in attack on Tuxpán, [444].
• Mississippi troops,
  • enlistments, 1. [195];
  • at Monterey, [235], [492], [496];
  • in Victoria march, [357];
  • at Lobos Islands rendezvous, [368];
  • at Buena Vista, [388], [391], [392], [555], [557], [561];
  • in calls and response, [537], 2. [431];
  • in Taylor’s later force, [417].
  • See also Davis, Jefferson.
• Missouri troops,
  • calls (1847), 2. [364], [431];
  • non-active men, [511].
  • See also Doniphan; Price.
• Mitchell, D. D., and Chihuahua Rangers, 1. [519].
• Mixcoac, Americans at, 2. [134].
• Mobile Herald and Tribune, on war spirit, 1. [126].
• Moctezuma, escape, 2. [195].
• Moderados,
  • and Puros, 2. [2], [4];
  • Polkos, [3], [13];
  • and election of Farías, [5], [9];
  • and demands on church property, [11], [330];
  • and Santa Anna, [14], [15], [331];
  • incompetent, [82], [85].
  • See also [Federalism].
• Mofras, Eugène Duflot de.
  • See Duflot.
• Molina, Ignacio, acknowledgment to, 2. [411].
• Molino del Rey,
  • position, defences, 2. [140], [400];
  • Mexican force, [142], [402];
  • Scott’s preparation and plan, criticism, [142], [401–2], [404];
  • map, [143];
  • American disposition and force, [143], [402], [403];
  • Santa Anna’s actions, [144], [402], [404];
  • attacks and capture of Mill, [144–5];
  • capture of Casa Mata, [145], [403];
  • cavalry fight, [146], [404];
  • a mistake, losses, results, [147], [403];
  • American garrison, [461].
• Moltke, H. K. B. von, on strategy, 1. [x].
• Monarchy in Mexico,
  • feared (1845), 1. [90], [95], [435];
  • plans and aid from Europe, [114];
  • American resentment, [122], [135], 2. [304], [466];
  • collapse of plans, 1. [180], [470];
  • Paredes deserts, [214], [485];
  • Santa Anna declares against, [219];
  • anti-peace activity of adherents, 2. [234], [463];
  • adherents in Polko revolt, [330];
  • and clerical understanding with Scott, [358].
  • See also [Itúrbide].
• Monasterio, J. M. O., and claims, 1. [77].
• Monclova,
  • Wool at, 1. [273], [509];
  • aspect, [273].
• Money,
  • Mexican minting, 1. [15];
  • American market during war, 2. [489].
• Monitor Constitucional, on expected foreign aid, 1. [114].
• Monitor del Pueblo, on Scott’s advance, 2. [66].
• Monitor Republicano,
  • on the war, 1. [215];
  • on Texas and the war, [457];
  • on Santa Anna, [488], 2. [84];
  • on church and war finances, [8], [9].
• Monroe Doctrine,
  • and European attitude on the war, 1. [112], 2. [296];
  • and monarchist plans in Mexico, 1. [122], [135];
  • Mexico and, [417];
  • Polk’s reassertion, 2. [295].
• Montaño, M., revolt, 1. [38].
• Montemorelos, aspect, 1. [357].
• Monterde, J. M., captured, 2. [411].
• Monterey, Cal.,
  • Jones’s occupation, 1. [69], [423];
  • in 1846, as port, [315], [521];
  • Sloat takes possession at, [334–5], [531].
• Monterey, Mexico,
  • situation, aspect, 1. [2], [257], 2. [212];
  • considered vital, 1. [225];
  • Taylor leaves for Victoria, [357];
  • Santa Anna’s plan against (Dec.), [357], [541];
  • Taylor instructed to concentrate at, his insubordinate advance, [368];
  • excesses of volunteers at, 2. [212–3]. [450];
  • American regulations, [213], [230], [450];
  • later force at, [417], [418].
  • See also [Monterey campaign].
• Monterey auxiliary battalion, at battle of Monterey, 1. [494].
• Monterey campaign,
  • inadequate preparation, steamboats, 1. [208], [481–3];
  • advance up Rio Grande to Camargo, [209–11];
  • Taylor’s force then, [211], [212], [483];
  • unfortunate placing of camp at Camargo, [211], [484], [493];
  • condition of Mexican forces, [225], [230], [489];
  • Mejía’s plan for guerilla warfare, Canales frustrates it, [226], [236];
  • Taylor’s inaction and lack of information, [226], [251], [489], [491], [499];
  • his transportation, [227], [490–1], [493];
  • Taylor and popular demand for action, he does not anticipate resistance, [227], [491–3];
  • his neglect of artillery, [228], [250], [500];
  • route of advance, [228];
  • advance and camp at Cerralvo, organization of army, [228–30], [492], [493];
  • Mexican force, [230], [494];
  • Mexican preparations at Monterey, [230–2], [494];
  • defences, [232–4], [239], [249], [495], [497];
  • general map of battle, [232];
  • Ampudia’s position and policy, [234];
  • measures to stay American advance, [234–5], [237], [495];
  • McCulloch’s Rangers, [236];
  • advance from Cerralvo, aspect of country, [236–7], [496];
  • arrival before Monterey, [237];
  • confidence and size of American force, [238], [496];
  • Worth’s flanking movement to Saltillo road, [239–44], [497];
  • Ampudia during battle, [241], [242], [248], [255], [258], [259], [501];
  • detailed map of battle, [240];
  • Worth’s capture of Federation Ridge, [244–6], [498];
  • of Independence Hill, [246–8], [499];
  • Taylor’s display in force, [249];
  • fortifications in Taylor’s front, [249–50];
  • his verbal instructions to Garland, [250–1], [500];
  • capture of Tenería redoubt, [251–3], [500];
  • futile attack on Diablo, [253–4];
  • Taylor’s mistakes, [254], [260], [500–3];
  • Mexicans abandon outworks, [255];
  • advance toward plaza, retirement, [256], [500];
  • failure to concert action with Worth, [256–7], [501];
  • Worth’s attack in city, [257–8];
  • condition of Mexican force, bombardment, [258], [501];
  • capitulation, armistice, [259], [501–2];
  • Taylor’s acceptance considered, [260], [502–6];
  • evacuation by Mexicans, [260];
  • results, fame, [261], [506];
  • condition and size of Taylor’s force after, [262], [506];
  • Polk and terms, armistice terminated, [263];
  • to be end of northern advance, [350];
  • losses, [505];
  • foreign comment, 2. [306–7].
• Montgomery, J. B., and British commander, 2. [446];
  • at Guaymas, [447].
• Montoya, J. M., Mexican chargé at Washington, reports cited passim.
• Mora, J. M. L., minister at London,
  • and England and California, 2. [303];
  • and British mediation, [508].
• Mora y Villamil, Ignacio,
  • on California, 1. [322];
  • on Texas and the war, [457];
  • and defences of Vera Cruz, 2. [19];
  • and preparations below Perote, [40];
  • peace commissioner, [135];
  • and guerilla warfare, [168], [422];
  • armistice negotiations, [242], [394];
  • and Contreras, [375].
• Morale,
  • of American troops at Corpus Christi, 1. [144];
  • at Rio Grande, [147], [160], [164];
  • results of Rio Grande campaign, [177–9], [469];
  • of volunteers in first camps, [207], [481];
  • Wool’s discipline, [268], [269], [273], [275], [276];
  • character of Doniphan’s force, [299], [303];
  • of Wool’s force before Buena Vista campaign, [371];
  • Taylor’s influence, [372], [374];
  • of Scott’s force at Puebla, 2. [73];
  • at start of final campaign, [78];
  • lack, in guerillas, [172];
  • naval, [190], [438];
  • mutiny at Buena Vista, [418];
  • effect of newspapers on Mexican, [509].
  • See also Army; Conquered territory; Deserters.
• Morales, Juan, defence of Vera Cruz, 2. [22], [31], [336], [337], [340–2].
• Morehead, T. G., at siege of Puebla, 2. [174].
• Morelia, powder-mill, 2. [87].
• Morelia battalion, at Monterey, 1. [494];
  • at Belén garita, 2. [412].
• Morelos, J. M., as partisan leader, 1. [32].
• Moreno, J. M., attack on La Paz, 2. [449].
• Morfit, H. M., American agent in Texas, reports cited passim.
• Morgan, G. W., at Cerralvo, 1. [562];
  • and Fifteenth Infantry, 2. [363];
  • at Contreras, [378].
• Morier, J. J., British agent in Mexico, on Mexican character, 1. [410].
• Mormon battalion, follows Kearny’s expedition, 1. [290], [516];
  • in California, 2. [218], [219], [454], [455].
• Morris, L. N., at Palo Alto, 1. [164].
• Mosquito fleet, 2. [29], [338].
• Mountain systems of Mexico, 1. [1].
• Mounted Riflemen, authorized, 1. [190];
  • in Smith’s brigade, [541];
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [52], [54], [350], [352];
  • in Scott’s army, [77];
  • at Contreras, [104];
  • at Churubusco, [110], [114], [382], [384];
  • at Belén garita, [159], [160];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [343];
  • at Molino del Rey, [403];
  • at Chapultepec, [410];
  • in the guerilla operations, [427].
• Mouth of the Rio Grande, camp, 1. [205].
• Mulejé, and American occupation, 2. [448].
• Mules. See Transportation.
• Munroe, John, artillery at Point Isabel, 1. [146], [148].
• Murphy, Tomás, Mexican agent at London,
  • Aberdeen’s suggestion to, 1. [434];
  • and interposition, 2. [302], [304], [504–6];
  • and foreign officers, [306].
• Muscatine, Iowa. See [Bloomington].
• Nacogdoches, Gaines’s expedition, 1. [64–6], [420–2].
• Nájera, Lieut. Col., at Monterey, falls, 1. [243].
• Napoleon I,
  • on first quality of a soldier, 1. [440];
  • on flank movement, [497];
  • on agent’s responsibility, 2. [398].
• Nashville Union, on war spirit, 1. [126].
• Natchez, Vera Cruz incident, 1. [424], [425].
• National bridge. See [Puente nacional].
• National Guard, Mexican, and Federalists, 1. [221], [222];
  • Brazito affair with Doniphan, [301–2];
  • attempt to centralize, [376], 2. [346];
  • at Vera Cruz, [22], [343];
  • and siege of Puebla, [174], [425].
• National highway, 1. [16].
  • See also [Mexico expedition].
• National Intelligencer,
  • and peace, 2. [125];
  • on Polk and his party, [269];
  • and tariff, [273];
  • on Polk, [275];
  • on outbreak of war, [277];
  • encourages enemy, [280], [281];
  • and tax on tea and coffee, [285];
  • and no-territory plan, [288];
  • and victorious war, [292];
  • on title by conquest, [497];
  • on tariff for Mexican ports, [500], [501].
• Navajo Indians, conquered, 1. [298].
• Navy, American,
  • foreign opinion, 1. [106];
  • pacific instructions (1845), [131], [447];
  • war preparations, [190];
  • mosquito fleet at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [29], [338];
  • sailors and landed battery at siege, [30], [34], [338];
  • vessels at the beginning of the war, distribution, [189], [197], [438];
  • appropriation and increase, [189];
  • establishment, condition, [189], [438];
  • administration, [190–91];
  • and Mexican privateers, [192–3];
  • blockade, [193–5], [205], [206], [208], [446], [448];
  • scurvy and yellow fever, [194–5];
  • and Mexican navy, [195];
  • difficulties of shore operations, [196];
  • Alvarado expeditions, [197–9], [344];
  • operations on Mexican western coast, [205–8], [446–9];
  • character of service, [208], [449];
  • character of control of occupied territory, [208];
  • evacuation, [476].
  • See also [California]; [Conner, David]; [Jones, T. A. C.]; [Marines]; [Perry]; [Sloat]; [Shubrick]; [Stockton].
• Navy, Mexican, 2. [195].
• Negotiations. See [Diplomatic intercourse]; [Peace].
• Neptune,
  • at Tampico, 1. [281];
  • wrecked, [449].
• Neutrality, American,
  • and Texas, 1. [63], [432];
  • and Sabine River boundary, [64];
  • and Gaines’s expedition, [64–6];
  • and recognition of Texas, [66–7], [422–3];
  • Bocanegra-Webster correspondence, [68];
  • European, in the war, 2. [300–5].
  • See also Interposition; Mediation.
• New Granada, and the war, 2. [298].
• New Helvetia, trading post, 1. [318], [522].
• New Jersey troops,
  • call, 2. [364];
  • in Taylor’s later force, [417];
  • at Jalapa, [433].
• New Mexico,
  • Santa Fe trail trade, 1. [72], [284], [514];
  • province, population, [284];
  • political situation, [284–6], 2. [216];
  • American war policy toward, 1. [286];
  • preparation of Kearny’s expedition, force, [286], [288], [515];
  • map of his route, [287];
  • his march to Pent’s Fort, [288–9], [515];
  • Armijo’s attitude, preparations, and desertion, [289], [292–4], [516–7];
  • Price’s reinforcement of Kearny, [290], [516];
  • Mormon battalion, [290], [516];
  • Kearny’s proclamation and letter to Armijo, [290], [516];
  • advance to San Miguel, assurances to inhabitants, [291–2], [516];
  • expected fight at Apache Canyon, condition of expedition, [292–3], [516];
  • resistance abandoned, [293–5];
  • occupation of Santa Fe, [295–6];
  • Fort Marcy, [296];
  • march to southern district, [297];
  • retaining force, [298];
  • reduction of Indians, [298];
  • Doniphan’s march to El Paso, Brazito affair, [298–300], [517], [518];
  • condition of force at Santa Fe, [518];
  • in peace negotiations and treaty, [135], [136], [238], [240], [248], [396], [468], [469];
  • character of population, [216];
  • excesses due to American occupation, [216], [453];
  • Price’s rule, insurrection, [217], [453];
  • civil government as conquered territory, [285];
  • justice of acquisition, [322];
  • supposed force in (Nov., 1847), [432];
  • Texas and occupation, [497].
• New Orleans,
  • enlistments, 1. [195];
  • as rival of New York, 2. [274];
  • yellow fever (1847), [431].
• New Orleans Commercial Bulletin,
  • attacks policy of forbearance, 1. [121];
  • on easy victory over Mexico, [126].
• New Orleans Delta,
  • on Paredes revolt, 1. [120];
  • demand for war, [443];
  • Leonidas letter, 2. [187], [435];
  • on Taylor’s force (1847), [417].
• New Orleans Jeffersonian Republican, attacks policy of forbearance, 1. [120].
• New Orleans Picayune,
  • on monarchist plans in Mexico, 1. [90], [122], [135];
  • attacks on policy of forbearance, [119];
  • on rejection of Slidell, [120];
  • on war spirit, [126], [132];
  • demand for war, [443].
• New Orleans Tropic, on policy of expansion, 1. [123].
• New York,
  • and peace, 2. [123];
  • Polk and factions, [270], [491].
  • See also New York troops.
• New York City, enlistments, 1. [194].
• New York Courrier des Etats Unis, on European protection of Mexico, 1. [121].
• New York Express, and peace, 2. [125].
• New York Herald,
  • on unrest, 1. [124];
  • on war spirit, [124];
  • on war as peace movement, [184];
  • on war finances, 2. [256];
  • on opposition to the war, [494].
• New York Journal of Commerce,
  • on war spirit, 1. [124];
  • on war as peace movement, [184].
• New York Morning News,
  • on policy of expansion, 1. [123];
  • on war spirit, [124–6].
• New York Sun,
  • and Worth, 2. [186], [434];
  • favors absorbing Mexico, [243].
• New York Tribune,
  • on policy of expansion, 1. [123];
  • on Polk and war, [184];
  • on the war and politics, 2. [275];
  • on annexation of Texas and war, [276];
  • demands recall of troops, [290];
  • on Scott and the cabal, [436].
• New York troops,
  • in Vera Cruz expedition, 1. [368], [537], 2. [343];
  • at Cerro Gordo, [53], [58];
  • in march to Puebla, [69];
  • in Scott’s army, [78];
  • at Churubusco, [117];
  • at Chapultepec, [157], [409];
  • in Mexico City, [163];
  • in California, [219], [454], [476];
  • in Lower California, [448].
• Newspapers,
  • Mexican, war-time lamentations, 2. [509].
  • See also [Press].
• Niles, J. M.,
  • and absorption of Mexico, 2. [244];
  • position in Senate, [496].
• Niles’ Register, on Taylor’s generalship, 1. [503].
• Niño Perdido garita, 2. [148].
• Ninth Cavalry, Mexican, at Cerro Gordo, 2. [347].
• Ninth Infantry,
  • in Scott’s army, 2. [78], [363], [432];
  • at Contreras, [109];
  • at Chapultepec, [154], [155], [157];
  • advance after armistice, [400];
  • at Huamantla, [426];
  • at Pachuca, [433].
• Nonata, captured, 1. [511].
• Noncombatants,
  • American policy toward,2. [210], [220], [229].
  • See also [Conquered territory].
• Nopalucan, aspect, 2. [69].
• Noriega, General,
  • at Palo Alto, 1. [165], [168];
  • captured at Chapultepec, 2. [411].
• North Carolina troops,
  • enlistments, 1. [195];
  • calls, [537], 2. [431];
  • in Taylor’s later force, [417].
• Norther, character, 1. [541], 2. [34].
• Nuevo León,
  • troops at Monterey, 1. [494];
  • levy on, for guerilla warfare, 2. [170], [422];
  • attitude toward United States, [215];
  • general occupation, [418].
  • See also [Monterey].
• Oaxaca state,
  • guerilla warfare, 2. [173];
  • revolt and the war, [369].
• Obregón, Pablo, Mexican minister at Washington, and boundary negotiations, 1. [60].
• O’Brien, J. P. J., battery at Buena Vista, 1. [388], [390–2], [394], [557].
• Ocampo, M., and Santa Anna, 1. [376].
• Occupied territory. See [Conquered territory.]
• O’Donnell, Leopoldo, and Mexican privateering, 2. [193].
• O’Donojú, Juan, treaty with Itúrbide, 1. [33].
• Officers,
  • character of volunteer, 1. [192], [207], 2. [215];
  • for the ten new regiments, [76];
  • value of West Point training, [320].
  • See also [Army]; [Volunteers].
• Ohio,
  • and attack on Tuxpán, 2. [444];
  • in Pacific squadron, [447].
• Ohio troops,
  • enlistments, 1. [195];
  • at Monterey, [253], [492], [496];
  • in Taylor’s later force, 2. [417];
  • with Scott, [418];
  • in Lane’s march to Puebla, [426];
  • in his guerilla operations, [426], [427];
  • calls (1847), [364], [365], [431];
  • garrison at Puebla, [433];
  • non-active men, [511].
• Ojo de Agua,
  • aspect, 2. [69];
  • American post, [433].
• Olaguíbel, F. M. de,
  • warnings to Santa Anna (1846), 1. [378], [379];
  • supports Farías, 2. [82];
  • character, [86];
  • and opposition to Santa Anna, [86], [134], [136];
  • yields to Santa Anna’s demands, [92];
  • supplies for Scott, [134];
  • in American rear, [148];
  • and evacuation of Mexico, [163];
  • supports Peña, [180], [428].
• Old Peñón,
  • fortification, 2. [90], [369], [373];
  • Mexican army at, [92];
  • Scott avoids, [96].
• Oligarchy,
  • of Spanish born, 1. [29];
  • deposes viceroy, [30];
  • Hidalgo’s revolt against, [31];
  • partisan warfare on, [31];
  • doomed, [32];
  • revolt against liberal constitution, [32];
  • plots against federal government, [37];
  • rules Victoria, [37];
  • attempted revolt (1823), [38];
  • expulsion of Gachupines, [39], [42], [413];
  • and Bustamante’s revolt, [43];
  • and Santa Anna, [45];
  • and Farías’ reforms, [46];
  • makes Santa Anna dictator, [46];
  • and Seven Laws, rule, [47];
  • factions, [48];
  • goes over to Santa Anna (1841), [50].
  • See also [Government]; [Monarchy]; [Roman Catholic church].
• Olozaga, Salustiano de, on monarchy for Mexico, 1. [448].
• Opposition to the war,
  • Mexico counts on, 1. [105], [107], [119], [443];
  • objections to war bill, [182–3], [471];
  • basis, 2. [273–5];
  • Whig troubles, [276–80], [283], [493], [494];
  • warning from opposition to War of 1812, [280];
  • encourages enemy, [280–1], [289], [495];
  • character of speeches in Congress, [284–6];
  • and Wilmot Proviso, [286–7], [498];
  • Whig no-territory plan, [287–8], [498];
  • protracts war, [288], [292];
  • demand for stoppage of supplies and recall of troops, [290–1], [500];
  • Whig House programme, [290];
  • effect on, of success of war, [290];
  • continued baiting of Polk, [291], [500];
  • results, [292], [314], [510];
  • historical results, [292–3], [501].
• Oregon country,
  • question and Mexican relations, 1. [90], [94], [130], [137], 2. [299], [504];
  • and British aid of Mexico, 1. [114];
  • and outbreak of the war, [200], [458], [478];
  • compromise settlement, [201];
  • effect on Polk, 2. [271], [281];
  • settlement and Wilmot Proviso, [286];
  • danger in, [295].
• Organic Bases, 1. [52];
  • revival, [217].
• Orizaba, situation, aspect, 1. [2], 2. [222];
  • Santa Anna’s preparations at, [67–8];
  • Bankhead’s expedition, aspect of route to, [184–5], [433];
  • American rule, [223];
  • Lane at, [427].
• Orizaba, Mount, aspect, 2. [18], [60], [223].
• Ortega, J. M., in Monterey negotiations, 1. [502].
• Osgood, David, on War of 1812, 2. [280], [494].
• Oswandel, J. J., on Pillow, 2. [377].
• Otero, Mariano, on advance to Rio Grande, 1. [155];
  • on income of the Church, [408];
  • on Texas and the war, [458];
  • and peace negotiations, 2. [136], [236];
  • leader of Moderados, [327].
• Outbreak of the war,
  • Mexican policy to avoid formal declaration, 1. [88], [434];
  • protection of Texas and boundary question, [138], [153], [449], [457], [470];
  • Taylor’s force occupies Corpus Christi, [141–3], [452];
  • original size of force, [142];
  • reinforcements, [143], [454];
  • condition of force, [143];
  • rank controversy, [144];
  • crossing of Rio Grande by Mexicans as invasion, [144], [453];
  • Taylor’s advance to Rio Grande, [145–8], [454];
  • retaliatory orders, [148], [455];
  • Mexicans cross and attack Thornton, [149], [455];
  • de facto war, Taylor calls for more troops, [150], [455];
  • justification of advance to Rio Grande, [151–4], [456];
  • advance not cause of war, [154–5], [185], [457], [471];
  • war begun by Mexico, [155], [190], 2. [311–2];
  • her grief for first battles, 1. [179];
  • Polk’s Message, [181], [470];
  • war bill in Congress, [182–3], [471–3];
  • quick peace expected, [184], [471];
  • political considerations, Benton, [184–5], [471];
  • Calhoun’s opposition, [185–7], [472];
  • existence of legal war, [186–7], [472];
  • causes, [187–90], [326], [471], [473], [526], 2. [284], [310–1], [508–9];
  • proclamation, 1. [191], [474];
  • raising of army, [190–6], [445];
  • selection of commander, [196–8], [200];
  • Polk and Scott’s plans, Scott’s relegation, [198–200], [476–8];
  • and Oregon question, [200], [458], [478];
  • negotiations with Santa Anna, [201–3], [478–9];
  • Mexican preparations and declaration, [212], [222–3], [484], [488];
  • effect of Rio Grande campaign on Mexicans, [213];
  • overthrow of Paredes, [214–22], [485];
  • Santa Anna’s policy to command army only, [222–4];
  • error of short-war policy, [347];
  • popularity, 2. [268];
  • Whig inconsistency on, [276–7];
  • Webster on pretexts, [279], [494];
  • Buchanan’s diplomatic circular on, [297];
  • British attitude, [299–300];
  • French attitude, [300], [503];
  • Polk’s alleged inconsistencies on causes, [491];
  • as result of lack of preparedness, [509].
  • See also [Preparation]; [Rio Grande campaign].
• Owens, S. C.,
  • in Doniphan’s expedition, 1. [303];
  • at battle of Sacramento, killed, [311].
• Pacheco, F., at Buena Vista, 1. [389–91].
• Pacheco, J. R., and peace negotiations, 2. [133], [137], [393], [396].
• Pachuca,
  • occupied, 2. [184], [433];
  • under American rule, [460].
• Pacific squadron, vessels during the war, 2. [189], [447].
  • See also [Shubrick]; [Sloat]; [Stockton].
• Padierna, battle of. See [Contreras].
• Pageot, A. J. Y., French minister at Washington, reports cited passim.
• Pakenham, Richard, British minister at Mexico and Washington,
  • and expulsion of Americans, 1. [72], [423];
  • and American claims against Mexico, [79], [81], [431];
  • on chances of expected war, [107], [109];
  • warning against slavery expansion, [114];
  • on California, [320], [322];
  • on growing distaste for war, [347];
  • on Polk’s dilemma, [349];
  • on plan against Vera Cruz, [350];
  • on Santa Anna’s rule, [415];
  • on Mexican treatment of Poinsett, [417];
  • on Monterey armistice, [502];
  • on march to Mexico City, 2. [37];
  • on desire for peace, [123], [126];
  • on American war finances, [260], [482];
  • and mediation, [301], [504].
• Palmasola fort near Tuxpán, 2. [202].
• Palmerston, Viscount,
  • and Mexican privateering, 2. [192];
  • offers mediation, [301], [504];
  • and California, [302];
  • and Guizot, [304];
  • and American victories, [305];
  • and interposition, [306];
  • and absorption of Mexico, [309].
• Palmetto Regiment,
  • in Vera Cruz expedition, 1. [368];
  • call, [537];
  • in march to Puebla, 2. [69];
  • in Scott’s army, [78], [343];
  • at Churubusco, [117], [384];
  • at Chapultepec, [157];
  • at Belén garita, [160], [412];
  • in Alvarado expedition, [344].
• Palo Alto, battle of,
  • American force, 1. [163];
  • American line, [164];
  • map, [164];
  • Mexican advance and position, [164–5];
  • Mexican force, [165];
  • artillery, [165], [465];
  • Torrejón’s attack and repulse, [166–7];
  • American movement on right, [167–8];
  • defeat of Mexican right, [168–9];
  • losses, [169], [466];
  • Mexican retreat, [169].
  • See also [Rio Grande campaign].
• Palo Alto, Camp, 1. [480].
• Pánuco expedition, 1. [281].
• Pareda, J. N., and privateering, 2. [192].
• Paredes y Arrillaga, Mariano,
  • revolt (1841), 1. [50];
  • revolt against Santa Anna (1844), [52], [53];
  • and Herrera’s rule, [55], [56];
  • and monarchy, [90], [214];
  • revolt (1845), [95], [98–9], [438];
  • as temporary President, [100];
  • hostility toward United States, [100];
  • and Slidell, [100], [439];
  • and the war, [104], [155], [190], [452], 2. [66];
  • revolt and American opinion, 1. [120];
  • effect of Rio Grande campaign on, [180], [470];
  • on cause of the war, [189], [457], [474];
  • his policy, [212];
  • cuts off consuls, [212], [484];
  • elected President, [212];
  • war proclamation, [213];
  • and plans to take command, [214–5], [217];
  • difficulties, [214–6], [485];
  • combination against, [216];
  • overthrow, [217], [485];
  • and California, [329], [522–4], 2. [302];
  • and artillery, 1. [462];
  • exiled, [485];
  • supposed desire for peace, 2. [122];
  • combination against Santa Anna (1847), [134], [137];
  • subsides, [242];
  • return, [306], [395].
• Paredes, Fort, constructed, 1. [158].
• Paris Constitutionnel,
  • on chances of expected war, 1. [105], [110], [113];
  • on California, [325];
  • on three-million fund, 2. [126];
  • on clergy and repeal of law of Jan. 11, [332];
  • criticism of military operations, [507].
• Paris Correspondant,
  • sympathy with Mexico, 1. [112];
  • on Mexican church, [408];
  • pessimism on peace prospects, 2. [235];
  • on outbreak of war, [300].
• Paris Epoque, and interposition, 2. [304].
• Paris Globe, on chances of expected war, 1. [108].
• Paris National,
  • on Guizot’s American policy, 2. [296];
  • on outbreak of war, [300];
  • on England and war, [304].
• Paris Portefeuille, and neutrality, 2. [304].
• Parish, Elijah, on War of 1812, 2. [280], [494].
• Parker, Theodore,
  • on Taylor at Buena Vista, 1. [559];
  • on conduct of the war, 2. [324].
• Parker, W. A., Creole exploit, 2. [444].
• Parras, gathering of Wool’s force at San Antonio, 1. [267–70];
  • his advance to Parras, [270–5];
  • aspect, [275];
  • Comanche raid, [521];
  • American rule, 2. [230];
  • outrages at, [450].
• Parrodi, Anastasio, at Tampico, 1. [278], [511];
  • at Tula, [553];
  • command in Army of the North, 2. [369].
• Parrott, John, American consul at Mazatlán, and T. A. C. Jones, 1. [69];
  • on California, [522];
  • on Scott, 2. [316], [317];
  • and Sloat, [333];
  • and American funds in Mexico, [488].
• Parrott, W. S.,
  • American consul and confidential agent in Mexico, 1. [88], [89], [93], [94], [133], [434], [435];
  • and advance to Rio Grande, [152];
  • and Sloat, [333];
  • claim, [426], [430];
  • on British control of Mexico, [443].
• Parsons, M. M., in battle of Sacramento, 1. [309], [311], [312].
• Paso. See [El Paso].
• Patria battalion, at Chapultepec, 2. [408].
• Patriota Mexicano, on Slidell mission, 1. [436].
• Patronage, as Polk’s resource, 2. [270].
• Patten, G. W., on Scott at Cerro Gordo, 2. [56].
• Patterson, Robert,
  • and Tamaulipas, 1. [263];
  • and securing of Tampico, [281], [512];
  • and command of Vera Cruz expedition, [351];
  • march to Victoria, [360], [542], [543];
  • as general, [361];
  • and Pillow, [361];
  • march to Tampico, [365–6];
  • at Lobos Islands, [368];
  • command on Rio Grande, [493];
  • distribution of force (Oct.), [506];
  • career, [507];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [26], [343];
  • before Cerro Gordo, and plan to assault, [49];
  • and the battle, [58], [354];
  • takes time-expired men home, [64], [357];
  • return to Mexico, [184];
  • at Jalapa, [354];
  • and Jarauta, [421];
  • retained in service, [432];
  • division at San Angel, [461];
  • leaves Mexico City, [476];
  • on West Pointers, [513].
• Patterson, Camp, 1. [480].
• Paul, G. R., at Chapultepec, 2. [410].
• Paulding, J. K., on Polk, 2. [270].
• Paz, occupied, counter attacks, 2. [208], [448], [449].
• Peace,
  • speedy, expected, 1. [184], [471];
  • Polk’s suggested terms to Santa Anna (1846), [202], [471];
  • Santa Anna and, after return, [221], [487];
  • mistake in expecting speedy, [347];
  • Mexican law forbidding negotiations, 2. [81], [130], [135], [367], [389], [393];
  • Scott’s halt after Churubusco, [121], [386], [393];
  • attitude of Polk and Buchanan, [121];
  • supposed favorable Mexican attitude (1846), [122];
  • rejection of Buchanan’s advances (1846), [122], [386];
  • three million fund and bribery, [123], [126], [387];
  • general American desire, [123];
  • Atocha’s mission, [123–4], [126], [387];
  • reasons for Mexican obstinacy, [124–6];
  • problem of ignoring Slidell, [126];
  • appointment of Trist, his character, [127];
  • his preconceived attitude toward Scott, [127];
  • Trist’s papers, [128];
  • Trist–Scott misunderstanding and quarrel, [128–9], [389];
  • Bankhead as mediator for Trist, [129], [390];
  • controversy over receiving Buchanan’s communication, [130–3], [390];
  • Scott-Trist reconciliation, [130], [392];
  • question of douceur, [131–2], [390–1];
  • Puebla negotiations, [132], [391], [393];
  • Scott’s military proposal to facilitate, [133], [393];
  • Mexican overtures after Churubusco, [133];
  • armistice, [133], [394–6];
  • negotiations during armistice (1847): Santa Anna’s attitude, [135];
  • his terms and instructions, neutral region east of Rio Grande, [135], [396], [398];
  • Mexican commissioners, [135];
  • Trist’s terms, deadlock, [135];
  • Santa Anna’s dilemma, [136–7], [398];
  • counter-projet, failure, effect, [138–9], [399];
  • chronology of negotiations (1847), [396];
  • Santa Anna and foreign support, [397];
  • —— Arguments against, after fall of capital, [233], [470];
  • attitude of Eventualists and other war factions, [234], [463];
  • and governmental chaos, [234];
  • American pessimism, [235], [463];
  • Peña’s determination to negotiate, [235], [463];
  • Trist reopens negotiations by reply to counter-projet, [235], [463];
  • party success in Presidential election, [236];
  • state discussion, [236], [464];
  • abortive insurrection of war party, [236], [464];
  • support of Mexican Congress, [236];
  • recall of Trist, [236], [464];
  • intention to harden American terms, [237], [244], [464], [474];
  • Trist ignores recall, [237–8], [465], [467];
  • his boundary ultimatum, [238];
  • further retardation, [238], [465];
  • Mexican commissioners, [239];
  • secret meetings, propositions, [239], [460];
  • delays, need of haste, de facto truce, [239];
  • insurrection threatens disruption, Scott’s promise of protection, [240], [466];
  • treaty secretly signed, [240], [467];
  • terms, surrender of conquered territory to Mexico, [240], [467–70], [473];
  • map, [241];
  • armistice, [242], [471];
  • plan for absorption of Mexico, [243–4], [309];
  • Polk and treaty, his dilemma, [244–6], [471–2];
  • treaty in Senate, [246–7], [472–3];
  • amendment there, [247], [473];
  • ratification commissioners, [248–9], [473];
  • Mexican opposition to acceptance, [249], [250];
  • arguments in favor, [249–51], [474];
  • ratification by Mexican Congress, [250], [474];
  • exchange of ratifications, [251], [474];
  • misunderstandings, [251], [475];
  • evacuation of Mexican territory, [251–2], [475–6];
  • American opposition to annexations, [274];
  • British offer of mediation, [301], [368], [503–4];
  • reception of treaty in Europe, [308–9];
  • justice and liberality, [322–3];
  • Mexican cordiality, [323];
  • effect in Europe, [323];
  • explanatory protocol, [475];
  • Spain and mediation, [503];
  • Mexico and British guaranty of treaty, [508].
• Pedraza, Manuel Gómez,
  • character, elected President, 1. [40];
  • overthrow, [41];
  • restored by Santa Anna, [44–5];
  • as Federalist leader, [48];
  • and Butler, [62];
  • Paredes courts, [215];
  • and Santa Anna (1846), [224];
  • as leader of Moderados, 2. [2], [4];
  • and clerical revolt, [14], [330];
  • and peace negotiations, [132], [466].
• Pedregal near Contreras, 2. [101], [104].
• Peel, Sir Robert, and California, 2. [302].
• Peña fort near Tuxpán, 2. [202], [203].
• Peña y Barragán, M. de la,
  • and revolt, 2. [12], [13];
  • at San Cosme garita, [161], [162].
• Peña y Peña, Manuel de la,
  • character, 1. [26], 2. [180], [427];
  • and renewal of American intercourse, 1. [91–4], [435];
  • and Slidell mission, [96], [97], [437];
  • on Texas and war, [457];
  • as Executive (1847), 2. [180], [427], [428];
  • eliminates Santa Anna, [181], [428];
  • determines to re-open peace negotiations, [235];
  • Congress upholds, [235];
  • and recall of Trist, [237], [465];
  • and renewal of negotiations, [238];
  • resumes administration, [240], [466];
  • and insurrection and negotiations, [240], [466];
  • and treaty before Congress, [250], [474];
  • at exchange of ratifications, [251];
  • on European interposition, [506].
• Pennsylvania, and tariff of 1846, 2. [273].
  • See also next title.
• Pennsylvania troops,
  • in Vera Cruz expedition, 1. [368], 2. [343];
  • calls, 1. [537], 2. [364], [430];
  • at Cerro Gordo, [56], [57], [353];
  • in Scott’s army, [78];
  • at Chapultepec, [157];
  • at Puebla, [174];
  • at Huamantla, [425], [426];
  • in Lane’s guerilla operations, [426];
  • at Jalapa, [361], [433].
• Peñón Viejo. See [Old Peñón.]
• Pensions, Mexican War, 2. [490].
• Peñúñuri, F., at Churubusco, 2. [382].
• Peonage, not displaced by slavery, 1. [188].
• People. See [Population].
• Perdigón Garay, J. G., at Belén garita, 2. [159], [160].
• Pérez, F.,
  • at Buena Vista, 1. [393–5], [559];
  • at Coyoacán, 2. [101];
  • at Contreras, [105], [379];
  • at Churubusco, [110];
  • at Casa Mata, [142], [145];
  • brigade, [369].
• Perote, castle of,
  • occupied by Worth, 2. [61];
  • American garrison, [65], [74], [361], [362];
  • and relief of Puebla, [176], [425].
• Perry, M. C.,
  • in occupation of Tampico, 1. [280];
  • and reinforcements for it, [281], [512], [513];
  • Taylor on, [352];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [30], [36], [339], [340];
  • Tabasco expeditions, [199–200], [204–5], [443], [445];
  • Yucatan operations, [201], [204], [443];
  • supersedes Conner, [201–2];
  • character as officer, [202];
  • capture of Tuxpán, [202–3], [444];
  • operations at small ports, [203], [445];
  • Alvarado expedition, [344–5];
  • squadron, distribution, [442], [444–6];
  • and attack on Ulúa, [444].
• Perry, damaged, 2. [449].
• Petrel,
  • in occupation of Tampico, 1. [279], [281];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [388];
  • added to navy, [438];
  • in Home Squadron, [442], [446];
  • in attack on Tuxpán, [444].
• Petrita,
  • at Vera Cruz, 2. [23], [336];
  • in Tabasco expedition, [199];
  • in Home Squadron, [446].
• Philadelphia, enlistments, 1. [195].
• Philadelphia North American,
  • on tariff of 1846, 2. [257];
  • and the war, [268], [275];
  • on war and extension of slavery, [492].
• Philadelphia Public Ledger, on speeches in Congress, 2. [284].
• Physical aspect,
  • general, of Mexico, 1. [1–3], [16];
  • of Corpus Christi, [143];
  • between there and Rio Grande, [146];
  • of camps near Rio Grande, [205–7];
  • of Camargo, [211];
  • of Cerralvo. [229];
  • beyond Cerralvo, [236], [496];
  • of Monterey, [257], 2. [212];
  • between Monterey and Saltillo, 1. [265];
  • between the Rio Grande and Monclova, [272];
  • of Monclova, [273];
  • of Parras, [275];
  • of Tampico, [276], [280], 2. [214];
  • of Raton Pass, 1. [291];
  • of Santa Fe, [296];
  • of Jornada del Muerto, [300];
  • of El Paso, [300], [302];
  • between El Paso and Chihuahua, [304];
  • at Sacramento River, [308];
  • of Monterey, Cal., [334];
  • between Monterey, Mex., and Victoria, [357–9];
  • between Matamoros and Victoria, [360];
  • between Victoria and Tampico, [366];
  • between Saltillo and Agua Nueva, [373];
  • between San Luis Potosí and Encarnación, [380], [553];
  • of Buena Vista field, [385];
  • view on approaching Antón Lizardo, 2. [18];
  • of Vera Cruz, [18–9], [34–5], [221–2];
  • along highway from Perote to puente nacional, [39];
  • of Cerro Gordo, [42–5], [347];
  • of national highway between Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo, [46–8];
  • of Jalapa, [59], [223];
  • between Jalapa and Perote, [60–1];
  • between Perote and Puebla, [69];
  • of Puebla, [71], [178];
  • between Puebla and Valley of Mexico, [92–3];
  • of the Valley, [94], [119], [138], [158];
  • of the routes across it, [95–7];
  • of Santa Anna’s southern line, [99], [102], [374];
  • of Contreras field, [101], [103], [375];
  • of Churubusco, [111];
  • of Tacubaya, [138], [400];
  • of Molino del Rey, [140];
  • of western and southern approaches to Mexico City, [147];
  • of Chapultepec, [150–2], [405–6];
  • between Vera Cruz and Orizaba, [184–5];
  • coast storms, [194];
  • of San Juan Bautista, [200];
  • of Tuxpán, [202–3];
  • of Mazatlán, [206];
  • of Orizaba, [222];
  • of Mexico City, [228].
• Pickett, G. E., at Chapultepec, 2. [157].
• Pico, Andrés,
  • battle of San Pascual, 1. [341], [342], [534];
  • succeeds Flores, [345];
  • capitulation, [345].
• Pico, Jesús, and Frémont, 1. [345].
• Pico, Pio,
  • as governor of California, 1. [319];
  • character, [328];
  • British partisan, [328], [333], [531];
  • civil war with Castro, [329];
  • and American occupation, [335], [337], [530].
• Pierce, Franklin,
  • on war enthusiasm, 1. [442];
  • reinforcements for Scott, 2. [77], [171];
  • brigade in Scott’s army, [78], [363];
  • brigade at Contreras, [104], [378];
  • and at Churubusco, [115–7], [384];
  • and plan of attack on Mexico City, [149], [408];
  • armistice commissioner, [394];
  • and Molino del Rey, [403];
  • and battles before Mexico, [415];
  • leaves Mexico, [438].
• Pillow, G. J.,
  • as political general, character, 1. [208], [361], [367], [543], [546], 2. [185–6], [433];
  • and Polk, 1. [367], 2. [128], [186], [510];
  • joins Scott’s headquarters, 1. [367];
  • on Ripley’s book, [405];
  • at Brazos, [476];
  • on Taylor’s confidence, [492];
  • left at Camargo, [493];
  • on Taylor and Vera Cruz expedition, [536];
  • on Taylor and administration, [538];
  • brigade at Vera Cruz, 2. [27];
  • before Cerro Gordo, [49];
  • in the battle, [56–8], [352–3];
  • censures on Scott to Polk, [74];
  • absence, return as major general, [77], [357];
  • division, [77];
  • in advance from Puebla, [93], [371];
  • at Contreras, [103–5], [376], [378], [380];
  • at Churubusco, [110], [385];
  • force after the battle, [120];
  • and armistice, [134], [395];
  • advance after armistice, [142], [400];
  • at Chapultepec, [152], [153], [156], [409];
  • misgivings there, [153];
  • division in advance on Belén garita, [159];
  • cabal against Scott, Leonidas letter, [187], [435];
  • Scott’s charges against, and arrest, [188], [437];
  • Polk rescues, [188];
  • and the recalling of Trist, [236];
  • intrigue against Scott and Presidential ambition, [376];
  • opinion of good officers, [377];
  • ascendancy over Scott, [378];
  • and douceur, [391];
  • and plan of attack on Mexico City, [408];
  • leaves Mexico, [438].
• Pineda, Manuel, attack on La Paz, 2. [449].
• Pino, Manuel, force to resist Kearny, 1. [293], [294].
• “Pintos,” in Alvarez’s force, 2. [369].
• Pinzón, Luis, at Cerro Gordo, 2. [44], [51].
• Plan del Rió,
  • as defensive point, 2. [40], [42];
  • Scott’s advance at, [48].
• Plana mayor, Mexican, 1. [156].
• Plateau, central, of Mexico, 1. [1–2].
• Plebeian, on war and expansion, 1. [444].
• Poblana market girls, 2. [71].
• Poinsett, J. R.,
  • treatment as minister at Mexico, 1. [58–9], [417];
  • boundary and Texas negotiations, [59–60], [418];
  • commercial negotiations, [61], [419];
  • recall demanded, [62];
  • on Mexican agriculture, [410];
  • on Mexican cavalry, [440];
  • on American army, [451];
  • on Trist mission, 2. [390].
• Point Isabel,
  • occupied by Taylor, 1. [146], [148];
  • as base, Taylor and line of communication, [160–1], [463];
  • Taylor’s hurried march to, [163];
  • as camp, [205];
  • Mexican customhouse, [452];
  • navy at, [466], 2. [197];
  • troops left at, 1. [493].
• Police, in occupied territory, 2. [213], [215], [229], [450], [452].
• Politics,
  • in choice of a commander, 1. [197], [199–200];
  • in Vera Cruz expedition, [356], [363], [368], [539], [544];
  • influence on war operations, [545].
  • See also [Congress]; [Democratic]; [Government, Mexican]; [Opposition]; [Polk, J. K.]; [President of United States]; [Whig].
• Polk, J. K.,
  • efforts to restore intercourse with Mexico, 1. [88–91];
  • Slidell mission, [94–5], [98], [100], [133], [436], [447];
  • alleged desire for war, [127–8], [445–6], [478];
  • diary, [128];
  • character, [128–30], [447], 2. [270–1], [314–5], [510];
  • disproof of desire for war, 1. [130–4], [150], [326], [447], [526];
  • and Oregon, [130], [137], [200–1], [478];
  • and Scott, [130], [354], 2. [75], [188], [436], [511];
  • intolerable conditions facing, 1. [134–7];
  • peaceful intent and advance to Rio Grande, [151–5], [456–61];
  • war Message, [181], [470];
  • expects quick peace, [184], [471];
  • and slavery and the war, [188];
  • war proclamation, [191], [474];
  • and volunteering, [191], [193];
  • and selection of commanding officer, [196], [198], [200], [202], [476];
  • and Taylor, [196], [352–3], [507], [538], [544], [547];
  • alarm over Rio Grande conditions, [198], [476];
  • and Scott’s war policy, clash, [199–200], [477];
  • negotiations with Santa Anna, [201–3], [471], [478–9], 2. [491], [493];
  • and terms at Monterey, 1. [260], [263], [505];
  • war programme, occupation of territory, [262], [266–7], [350–1], 2. [273], [492];
  • and Tampico, 1. [278];
  • and defensive-line policy dilemma, [283], [348];
  • and New Mexico, [286];
  • and California, [325], [326], [332], [526], 2. [514];
  • selection of commander for Vera Cruz expedition, 1. [351–4];
  • and plans and responsibility for Scott’s expedition, [356], [540], [541], 2. [343];
  • and insubordination of Harney, 1. [365], [545];
  • Pillow’s influence with, [367], [547], 2. [128], [186], [510];
  • and Texan boundary, 1. [449];
  • and Doniphan’s expedition, [517];
  • and Ten Regiment Bill, 2. [74], [76];
  • and commanding generalcy for Benton, [75], [365];
  • and seekers for army office, [76];
  • desire for peace negotiations, [121];
  • and rejection of overtures (1846), [123], [387];
  • three million fund, [123], [387];
  • effect of policy on Mexican obduracy, [126];
  • problem of ignoring Slidell, [126];
  • appointment of Trist as agent, [127];
  • and failure of negotiations (1847), [138], [399];
  • and cabal against Scott, [185–8], [438];
  • on privateering, [192];
  • and puppet government for Mexico, [235];
  • recalls Trist, [236], [237], [464];
  • and absorption of Mexico, [244];
  • and the treaty, dilemma, [244–6], [471];
  • appointment of ratification commissioners, [248–9], [473];
  • and tariff, [257];
  • and war loans, [259], [260], [264], [482];
  • and tariff for Mexican ports, [261], [262];
  • and levies on Mexicans, [264], [486];
  • public and party attitude toward, [269], [271], [282], [291];
  • Cabinet, [269], [282];
  • and patronage, [270], [283];
  • and New York politics, [270], [491];
  • effect of Oregon policy on, [271], [281];
  • and of river and harbor veto, [271], [281];
  • and of attitude toward Taylor and Scott, [272];
  • and of Texas, [272];
  • and of unfavorable war conditions, [272];
  • and of fiscal policy, [273], [281];
  • Whig jibes, [275–6];
  • inconsistency of Whig criticism, [276–80], [493];
  • and Whig encouragement of enemy, [281];
  • character of Congressional attacks on policy, [284–6], [289];
  • continuation of baiting, [291], [500];
  • hampering of policy, [292];
  • injustice of condemnation, [293];
  • reassertion of Monroe Doctrine, [295];
  • on France and Texas, [295], [501];
  • British on, [300];
  • and British mediation, [301], [504];
  • achievement, [314–5], [510];
  • and Trist-Scott quarrel, [389];
  • and douceur, [391];
  • and armistice, [393];
  • and mutiny at Buena Vista, [418];
  • and Hays’s regiment, [423];
  • further call for volunteers, [431];
  • and trial of Frémont, [454];
  • and Yucatan, [472];
  • Message (1847) on pushing the war, [474];
  • and Lower California, [476];
  • alleged war inconsistencies, [491];
  • and policy of annexations, [502].
• Polk, Fort, 1. [205].
• Polko revolt, 2. [12–14], [330–2], [334].
• Polko battalions,
  • formation, 2. [3], [13];
  • at Churubusco, [111].
• Poll tax, question of Mexican, 2. [328].
• Pommarès, ——, Conner’s agent, 1. [478].
• Ponce de León, Antonio,
  • Brazito affair, 1. [301–2], [518];
  • in battle of Sacramento, [310].
• Popocatepetl, Mount, aspect, 2. [92], [93].
• Popularity of the war in the United States,
  • general American war spirit, 1. [124], [444];
  • why concentrated upon Mexico, [125], [444–5];
  • initial, 2. [268];
  • reaction, [269], [281], [490];
  • restoration, [290], [499].
  • See also [Attitude]; [Opposition]; [Outbreak]; [Preparation].
• Population of Mexico,
  • in 1846, 1. [3], [407];
  • characteristics of Spanish born, [3];
  • of Creoles, [3], [407];
  • of Indians, [4];
  • social and economic classes, [5–6];
  • clergy, [6–8];
  • army, [8–11];
  • civil officials, [11];
  • judges, [12–3];
  • criminals, [13];
  • need, [16];
  • picture of life and character, [18–28];
  • general state, types, [28], [445];
  • of New Mexico, [284];
  • of California, [315];
  • characteristics of Californians, [315–7];
  • popular American opinion of Mexican, [445];
  • of Santa Fe, [517];
  • characteristics of New Mexicans, 2. [216];
  • British view of American character, [294–5], [502];
  • contrast of American and Mexican character, [310], [508];
  • attitude of Mexican, toward the war, [312], [510].
  • See also Character; Conquered territory; Social conditions.
• Porpoise, in Home Squadron, 2. [197], [445].
• Port La Vaca, as base, 1. [267].
• Porter, Andrew, at Contreras, 2. [104].
• Porter, D. D.,
  • and Ulúa, 2. [201];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [339].
• Porter, J. D., acknowledgment to, 1. [444].
• Porter, T. H., skirmish, killed, 1. [160].
• Portsmouth,
  • at San Francisco, 1. [333];
  • in Pacific squadron, 2. [189],
  • off Mazatlán, [446], [447];
  • at Guaymas, [447].
• Posada y Garduño, Manuel,
  • and Santa Anna’s dictatorship, 1. [52];
  • chief monarchist, dies, [215].
• Posey, Carnot, on soldiers and Taylor, 1. [374].
• Potomac,
  • and Vera Cruz expedition, 2. [18], [25];
  • scurvy, [195];
  • in Home Squadron, [197], [442];
  • and attack on Tuxpán, [444].
• Pratt, H. C, in Lane’s march to Puebla, 2. [426].
• Preble, in Pacific squadron, 2. [189], [206], [447].
• Preparation for war,
  • Mexican, on annexation of Texas, 1. [87–8], [434];
  • Mexican hostile attitude toward Americans, [102–4], [484];
  • reasons for hope of Mexican success, [104–16];
  • United States deemed feeble, [104–5];
  • expected opposition in United States, [105], [107], [119], [443];
  • foreign opinion on relative military strength, [105–6];
  • Mexico’s opinion of its own army, [106];
  • Texas as expected field, [107], [110];
  • successful invasion of Mexico deemed impossible, [107–8];
  • Mexican hope in privateering, [108];
  • and on financial burden on United States, [109], [130];
  • expected revitalization of Mexico, [110];
  • expected aid from Spanish America, [111];
  • and from Europe, [112–5], [441], [442];
  • importance of Oregon controversy, [114–5], [130], [137], [442];
  • Mexican desire for war, [115–6], [442], 2. [312], [510];
  • American attitude, 1. [117–37];
  • resentment of Mexican outrages, [117–9], [443];
  • patience with an inferior people, [119];
  • attacks on policy of forbearance, [119–21];
  • effect of claims controversy, [120], [132], [134], [448];
  • of rejection of Slidell, [120], [127], [145], [445];
  • supposed European manipulation of Mexico, [121–2], [443];
  • demand of the southwest, trade influences, [122], [443];
  • slaveholders fear, [123];
  • chance to overthrow Calhoun, [123];
  • and spirit of expansion, [123], [444];
  • unrest, war spirit and allurements of Mexico, [124–6], [444–5];
  • expected easy victory, [125];
  • annexation of Texas and war spirit, [126], [132];
  • Polk’s alleged desire for war, disproof, [127–34], [150], [326], [445–8], [478], [526];
  • intolerable conditions, force as only solution, [134–7];
  • and monarchy for Mexico, [135], [448];
  • bold attitude as argument for negotiations, [152].
  • See also [Diplomatic intercourse]; [Outbreak].
• President of Mexico,
  • powers under first constitution, 1. [37];
  • election of Victoria, [37];
  • and of Pedraza, [40];
  • Guerrero, [41];
  • Bustamante, [43], [47];
  • Pedraza restored, [45];
  • election of Santa Anna (1832), [45];
  • Santa Anna temporary, [49];
  • Santa Anna’s election (1844), [53];
  • Herrera, [55];
  • Paredes in power, [100], [212];
  • Santa Anna titular and Farías acting (1846), 2. [5–6];
  • Farías eliminated, Anaya substitute, [14], [15];
  • Santa Anna resumes power (1847), [83];
  • election of 1847 deferred, [73], [84], [363];
  • Santa Anna resigns, Peña acting, [180], [240], [427], [428], [466];
  • Anaya elected ad interim (1847), [236];
  • Herrera (1848), [252].
  • See also Dictatorship; Revolution.
• President of United States,
  • Scott’s ambition, 1. [130], 2. [284], [390–2];
  • Taylor’s candidacy proposed, 1. [179], [208];
  • his ambition and suspicions, [352], [363], [368], [538], [544], [547];
  • effect of Buena Vista on it, [400];
  • his letter to Gaines, [507];
  • effect on Taylor of Polk’s attitude and own conduct, 2. [272], [278], [493];
  • Whigs and candidates, [284];
  • Webster’s candidacy, [291];
  • Taylor’s candidacy as vindication of the war, [292];
  • Pillow’s ambition, [376].
  • See also [Polk].
• Press, Mexican,
  • conditions, 1. [15];
  • Paredes’s decrees on, [215];
  • during the war, 2. [84], [85], [91].
  • See also [Newspapers].
• Price, Sterling,
  • to raise men, 1. [290];
  • troops to reinforce Kearny, [290], [516];
  • to hold Santa Fe, [298], [517];
  • Chihuahua and Rosales expedition, 2. [166], [419];
  • as governor of New Mexico, [217], [453];
  • supposed force (Nov., 1847), [432].
• Princeton,
  • in occupation of Tampico, 1. [279];
  • at Vera Cruz, 2. [26];
  • in Home Squadron, [197], [441];
  • in attack on Alvarado, [198].
• Principles of war, 1. [405].
• Prisoners of war,
  • Encarnación, 1. [370–1], [562], 2. [418];
  • release after Monterey armistice, 1. [507];
  • Scott’s treatment, parole, 2. [58], [340], [353], [515];
  • and armistice after Churubusco, [134], [394];
  • in treaty of peace, [468].
• Prisons, Mexican, 1. [13], [21].
• Privateering,
  • Mexican hope in, 1. [108];
  • projects, failure, 2. [191–3];
  • question of American, [192], [439].
• Proclamations,
  • war, 1. [191], [213], [474];
  • Scott’s, at Vera Cruz, 2. [38];
  • of May 11, [66], [357–8].
• Programme of war,
  • Polk’s rejection of Scott’s policy, 1. [198–200];
  • policy of occupying territory, [262], [266–7], [508], 2. [273], [492];
  • defensive-line policy, 1. [282–3], [461], [513], [514], 2. [183], [430];
  • failure of quick peace programme, 1. [347];
  • project of attack on Mexico City, [349];
  • question of attack on Vera Cruz, [349–50];
  • no further advance in north, [350];
  • attack on Vera Cruz adopted, [350–1];
  • advance to capital left open, [351], [540], 2. [344];
  • Marcy shifts responsibility to Scott, 1. [355], [540];
  • Taylor ignores programme, [368];
  • Mexican plan after fall of capital, 2. [182], [430];
  • American problem after capture of capital, [183], [430];
  • hampered by opposition, [292];
  • effect of inadequate preparation, [314], [510].
• Progreso, on American peace party, 2. [495].
• Pronunciation of Spanish, 1. [xxi].
• Propaganda, Mexican,
  • among Taylor’s troops, 1. [160];
  • among Irish soldiers, [507], 2. [81], [358];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [337].
  • See also [Desertion].
• Prospects of war. See [Preparation].
• Prosperity, of occupied territory, 2. [214], [215], [219], [232];
  • American, in the war, [263], [484].
• Provisional, on United States and Texas, 1. [423].
• Prussia, and the war, 1. [403], 2. [298–9].
  • See also [Canitz].
• Public debt.
  • See [Finances]; [Loans].
• Public lands, bounty to soldiers, 2. [75], [490];
  • gradation policy, [261], [482].
• Public opinion, lack in Mexico, 1. [13].
• Puebla,
  • situation, aspect, 1. [2], 2. [71];
  • Scott’s advance from Jalapa, [64], [66], [69];
  • clerical control and attitude toward Scott’s advance, understanding, [65–6], [357];
  • Santa Anna at, [69], [360];
  • he evacuates, [70];
  • Worth’s conference, erroneous agreement, [70], [360];
  • occupation, [71];
  • character of Worth’s rule, [71–2], [361];
  • Scott at, [72];
  • condition of army in, [72–3];
  • advance from, [78], [92], [371];
  • Scott at, and peace negotiations, [130], [391];
  • guerilla operations and beginning of siege, [173–4], [424];
  • American garrison and positions, [174], [424], [433];
  • Santa Anna’s siege, [174–6];
  • Lane’s march to relieve, [176], [425];
  • battle of Huamantla, [176–8], [425–6];
  • arrival of Lane, siege raised, [178];
  • losses in siege, [426];
  • American rule, [225], [229], [231].
• Puebla state,
  • guerilla warfare, 2. [173];
  • in discussion on peace, [464].
• Pueblo Indians, submit to Kearny, 1. [296].
• Puente nacional,
  • as defensive point, 2. [40], [348];
  • abandoned, [41–2];
  • aspect, [47];
  • American post, [432].
• Pulque, 1. [508].
• Punta Aguda, occupied, 1. [562].
• Purísima bridge at Monterey, 1. [249], [254].
• Puros,
  • rise, aims, opposition, 2. [2–4];
  • demands and loss of prestige, [4–5];
  • and Presidential election (1846), [5];
  • abandon Farías, [12];
  • attitude toward Santa Anna, [15], [82], [83], [87];
  • and peace negotiations (1847), [136];
  • and local government under Scott, [229];
  • Eventualists, [234], [465];
  • oppose treaty, [250];
  • and British mediation, [368].
  • See also [Farías]; [Federalism].
• Querétaro, situation, 1. [3]; revolt, 2. [236].
• Querétaro battalion,
  • at Monterey, 1. [494];
  • at Chapultepec, 2. [408].
• Querétaro state, in discussion on peace, 2. [464].
• Quijano, Benito, armistice commissioner, 2. [242], [394].
• Quitman, J. A.,
  • brigade at Monterey, 1. [249], [252–6], [492];
  • Taylor on, [352];
  • march to Victoria, [357], [360];
  • march to Tampico, [365–6], [368];
  • at Brazos, [476];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [27];
  • at Jalapa, [62];
  • in advance to Puebla, [64], [69];
  • Amozoc affair, [70];
  • division in Scott’s army, [78], [356], [365];
  • in advance from Puebla, [93], [94], [371];
  • at San Agustín, [103], [376], [380];
  • during armistice, commissioner, [134], [394];
  • advance after armistice, [142], [401];
  • at Chapultepec, [152], [153], [156], [157], [409–11];
  • at Belén garita, [158–60], [162], [412], [414–6];
  • takes possession of the city, [163], [416];
  • as governor of it, [164], [226], [460];
  • and Scott, [248];
  • Alvarado expedition, [344–5];
  • court of inquiry on Worth, [361];
  • and Contreras, [381];
  • and douceur, [391];
  • and plan of attack on capital, [408];
  • division broken up, [432];
  • leaves Mexico, [438];
  • not West Pointer, [513].
• Radepont, Marquis de, on volunteers, 2. [513].
• Radicals, aim of Mexican (1846), 2. [2–4].
  • See also [Puros].
• Rainfall of Mexico, 1. [1–2].
• Ramírez, J. F.,
  • on Mexican responsibility for the war, 1. [116];
  • on Santa Anna’s manifesto, [219];
  • on the Church, [408];
  • on judicial system, [409];
  • on political situation (1847), 2. [16], [83];
  • on guerilla warfare, [168];
  • on Mexican political character, [310];
  • on justice of the war, [323];
  • conference with Santa Anna, [368];
  • on armistice, [399].
• Ramírez, Simeón, brigade at Monterey, 1. [235], [494];
  • at Molino del Rey, 2. [142];
  • flight, [145];
  • at Belén garita, [159], [160].
• Ramiro, José, and Contreras, 2. [106].
• Ramsey, A. C., regiment, 2. [363].
• Ranchero, 1. [19].
• Ranelagh, Viscount, proffer to Mexico, 2. [306].
• Rangel, J.,
  • and preparations below Perote, 2. [40], [346];
  • and Contreras, [110];
  • at Molino del Rey, [142];
  • at Chapultepec, [157], [161], [410], [411];
  • at San Cosme garita, wounded, [161], [162], [413];
  • brigade, [369].
• Rank controversy in American army, 1. [144].
• Ransom, T. B.,
  • at Contreras, 2. [109], [110], [378];
  • at Chapultepec, killed, [155];
  • regiment, [263].
  • See also Ninth Infantry.
• Raritan,
  • and Vera Cruz expedition, 2. [25];
  • scurvy, [195];
  • in Home Squadron, [197], [442], [446];
  • in attack on Tuxpán, [444].
• Raton Pass, Kearny at, aspect, 1. [291].
• Razonador, peace organ, 2. [82].
• Rea, J.,
  • as guerilla, 2. [173];
  • siege of Puebla, [174], [176];
  • retirement and overthrow, [178–9], [426–7].
• Rebolledo, J. C.,
  • as guerilla, 2. [171];
  • betrayed, [423].
• Recognition of Texas,
  • American, 1. [66], [422], [423];
  • European, [432].
• Red Comet, secret society, 1. [376].
• Reefer,
  • captured, 1. [511];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [238];
  • added to navy, [438];
  • in Home Squadron, [442], [445], [446];
  • in attack on Tuxpán, [444].
• Reforma, desires war, 1. [116].
• Reforms, Farías’ attempts, 1. [45–6].
• Regulars.
  • See [Army].
• Reid, J. W., in battle of Sacramento, 1. [309], [311];
  • pursuit of Comanches, [521].
• Reid, Mayne, at battle of Chapultepec, wounded, 2. [156], [157].
• Rejón, M. C., and annexation of Texas, 1. [86];
  • Santa Anna’s manifesto (1846), [219];
  • and new government, [222];
  • return with Santa Anna, [486];
  • as leader of Puros, 2. [2], [3];
  • demands and dismissal, [4];
  • and demand on Church property, [10], [329], [331];
  • rejects peace overtures (1846), [122];
  • and Atocha as peace agent, [124];
  • key of policy, [125];
  • corrupt, [131];
  • opposes peace negotiations (1847), [136];
  • and treaty of peace, [249];
  • and poll tax, [324];
  • and British offer of mediation, [368];
  • suspected intrigue with Scott, [390].
• Religion.
  • See Roman Catholic church.
• Reno, J.L., at Contreras, 2. [104];
  • at Chapultepec, [154].
• Reports, character of American army, 1. [ix], [404], 2. [59], [354].
• Republicano, on financial chaos, 2. [11];
  • on three-million fund, [126];
  • on Atocha, [386].
• Repudiation, state, and American war finances, 2. [256], [294], [478].
• Requena, T., and defence of Monterey, 1. [233], [489];
  • and Santa Anna, [377];
  • in Monterey negotiations, [502];
  • on Taylor’s blunders, [503].
• Resaca de Guerrero.
  • See Resaca de la Palma.
• Resaca de la Palma, battle of, map, 1. [170];
  • Mexican position and conditions, [170–2], [467];
  • American advance, mêlée, [172–3];
  • flanking of Mexican left, [174];
  • panic of Mexican right, [174];
  • May’s charge, [174], [467];
  • Arista’s conduct, [175];
  • flight across Rio Grande, [175];
  • little pursuit, [175], [467];
  • losses, [176].
  • See also [Rio Grande campaign].
• Revista Económica y Comercial, on Herrera administration, 1. [438].
• Revolutions in Mexico,
  • as relief for ennui, 1. [21];
  • Hidalgo’s attempt (1810), [31];
  • Itúrbide’s (1821), [33];
  • overthrow of Itúrbide (1823), [35];
  • Montaño attempt (1827), [38];
  • Santa Anna’s overthrow of Pedraza (1828), [40–1];
  • overthrow of Guerrero (1829), [43];
  • Santa Anna restores Pedraza (1832), [44–5];
  • attempt against Farías (1833), [46];
  • Mejía’s attempt (1839), [49];
  • attempts of Paredes and Valencia (1841), [50];
  • Santa Anna’s (1841), [51];
  • overthrow of Santa Anna (1844), [53–5];
  • attempted Federalist (1845), [56];
  • Paredes (1845), [98–9], [120], [438];
  • Alvarez (1846), [216];
  • overthrow of Paredes, [216–7], [485];
  • complexity of this, 2. [1];
  • clerical (Polko), against Farías (1847), [12–4], [230–2].
• Reyes, I., and the defence of northern states, 1. [305];
  • and plans against Taylor, 2. [165];
  • succeeds Santa Anna, [181], [429].
• Reynolds, J. F., at Chapultepec, 2. [156].
• Reynosa, occupied, 1. [204], [479].
• Rhett, R. B., position in House, 2. [496].
• Rhode Island, and peace, 2. [123].
• Richmond Enquirer, on war spirit, 1. [126];
  • on divided sentiment toward Mexico, [443].
  • See also [Ritchie, Thomas].
• Richtofen, Freiherr von, Prussian minister at Mexico, on Bocanegra’s note, 1. [69].
• Ridgely, Randolph, battery at Resaca de la Palma, 1. [172], [173], [467];
  • at Monterey, [254], [492], [496].
• Riley, Bennet, at Cerro Gordo, 2. [53], [55], [352], [354];
  • brigade in Scott’s army, [77];
  • at Contreras, [104], [108–10], [378–80];
  • at Churubusco, [114], [382];
  • and plan of attack on Mexico City, [149], [408];
  • at Chapultepec, [152];
  • advance after armistice, [401];
  • at Tacubaya, [461].
• Rincón, Manuel, and Alvarez’ revolt, 1. [216];
  • at Churubusco, 2. [110], [114], [117];
  • and high command, [182], [429];
  • and peace commission, [239], [466].
• Rincón del Diablo.
  • See Diablo.
• Rinconada Pass, Mexicans to retire to line of, 1. [259];
  • Taylor’s force at, aspect, [265];
  • Wool’s march and Mexican abandonment, [508].
• Ringgold, Samuel, in advance to Rio Grande, 1. [146], [147];
  • at Palo Alto, mortally wounded, [164], [167], [465], [466];
  • field battery, [450], [451];
  • and artillery arm, [451].
• Río, Señor del, and peace negotiations, 2. [236].
• Río Frio, American post, 2. [432].
• Rio Grande campaign, river as boundary of Texas, 1. [138];
  • Taylor’s force as guard, [142];
  • crossing by Mexicans as invasion, [144], [453];
  • Taylor’s advance to, [145–8], [454];
  • retaliatory orders, [148–9], [455];
  • Mexicans cross and attack, [149], [455];
  • de facto war, Taylor calls for more troops, [150], [205], [458], [480];
  • justification of advance to, [151–4], [456–61];
  • advance not cause of war, [154–5], [185], [457], [471], 2. [276–7];
  • Mexican force, 1. [158], [462];
  • Matamoros fortifications, [158];
  • condition and position of American force, Mexican opinion, [158–60], [462], [463];
  • map of Matamoros and American position, [159];
  • minor mishaps, [160];
  • Mexican propaganda, [160];
  • Mexican impatience for combat, [161], [463];
  • Taylor and line of communication, [161], [464];
  • Mexican advance on line, [162], [464];
  • Taylor’s march to Point Isabel, [163];
  • return march, train, [163];
  • size of American force, [163];
  • its morale, [164];
  • battle of Palo Alto, [164–9], [465];
  • attack on Fort Brown, [164], [176], [467–9];
  • pursuit of Mexicans, [169], [466];
  • battle of Resaca de la Palma, [170–6], [467];
  • Taylor’s inaction, permits Mexicans to retire from Matamoros, [176–8], [469];
  • Americans cross and occupy town, [178];
  • results of campaign, Taylor’s conduct, [178–80], [469], [470];
  • effect on Mexicans, [179], [213];
  • original American force, 2. [511].
• Ripalda, Father, catechism, 1. [13].
• Ripley, R. S., value of his history, 1. [404];
  • on Scott and Taylor, [490];
  • on Wool’s march, [510];
  • on Scott’s preparations, [539], [544];
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [53], [58];
  • on Cerro Gordo, [348], [353], [354];
  • on Scott’s delay at Puebla, [361];
  • on choice of routes, [373];
  • on Contreras, [380];
  • on Churubusco, [383];
  • on Scott and Trist, [392];
  • on armistice, [398], [399];
  • on Molino del Rey, [403];
  • on Scott’s failure to prepare, [404];
  • on plan to attack city, [405];
  • on Chapultepec, [409];
  • on Belén garita, [412];
  • on San Cosme garita, [413];
  • on Scott’s failure to occupy country, [433];
  • on excesses in Mexico City, [460];
  • on peace negotiations, [467].
• Ritchie, Thomas, on southern opposition to the war, 1. [189];
  • on attitude of Whigs, 2. [276], [279].
  • See also Richmond Enquirer.
• River and harbor bill, Polk’s veto, 2. [271], [281].
• Rives, W. C., plan to stop the war, 2. [290].
• Roa Bárcena, J. M., on Mexican desire for war, 1. [116];
  • on Mexican desire for war, 1. [116];
  • value of his history, [404];
  • on Texan boundary, [449];
  • on American and Mexican armies, [469];
  • on Taylor and Scott as conquerors, 2. [324], [511].
• Roads, Mexican, 1. [16].
• Roberts, B. S.,
  • on charge at Cerro Gordo, 2. [54];
  • at Contreras, [104];
  • at Chapultepec, [158], [410];
  • hoists flag in Mexico City, [164].
• Roberts, W. B., at Cerro Gordo, 2. [56], [57].
• Robertson, J. B., on mistakes at Monterey, 1. [503].
• Robinson, J. A., American consul at Guaymas, reports cited passim.
• Robles, Manuel, and defences of Vera Cruz, 2. [19], [334];
  • at Cerro Gordo, [42], [43], [45], [348].
• Rockwell, J. A., on Walker, 2. [480].
• Rogers, R. C., captured, 2. [444].
• Roland, J. F., company of light artillery, 2. [366].
• Roman Catholic church in Mexico,
  • religious qualities, 1. [4], [7], [14], [22], [26];
  • authority and character, wealth, [6–7], [408];
  • and education, [14];
  • Farías’ attempted reforms, [45–6];
  • and Seven Laws, [47];
  • and Santa Anna’s dictatorship, [52];
  • fears American influence, [103];
  • and war funds, [213–4], [223], 2. [254], [346], [347], [477];
  • Santa Anna declares against ecclesiastical domination (1846), 1. [219];
  • and war demands on its property, law of Jan. 11, 2. [8–11], [329];
  • Beach’s intrigue and revolt, [11–4], [330–2], [334];
  • and Santa Anna after revolt, [15], [65], [85], [332];
  • arrangement with Scott, [65–7], [331], [357–8];
  • and peace, [125];
  • incitation of religious fervor against Americans, [142], [346];
  • American attitude toward, [211], [221], [324], [458], [459];
  • in treaty of peace, [248], [468].
  • See also Government; Oligarchy.
• Romero, Manuel,
  • at Monterey, 1. [243], [494];
  • and Taylor’s march to Victoria, [542].
• Rosa, Luis de la,
  • opposes peace negotiations (1847), 2. [136];
  • as Peña’s minister, [181], [428];
  • at exchange of ratifications, appearance, [251];
  • and reopening of peace negotiations, [463];
  • minister at Washington, [475].
• Rosita, Mexican privateer, 2. [192], [193].
• Rothschilds,
  • and American funds in Mexico, 2. [266], [488];
  • and war borrowings, [481].
• Rowan, John, claims commissioner, 1. [430].
• Rowe, T. F., at siege of Puebla, 2. [424].
• Royce, Josiah, on justice of acquiring California, 2. [322].
• Ruiz de Apodaca. See Apodaca.
• Sabine River, as boundary, 1. [63].
• Sacramento, Cal., and Sutter’s trading post, 1. [318].
• Sacramento River, battle of, Mexican force, 1. [306], [519];
  • topography, Mexican defences, [306–8], [520];
  • map, [307];
  • Doniphan’s formation, [308];
  • his crossing of Arroyo Seco and gaining of plateau, [309];
  • repulse of Mexican cavalry, [310];
  • artillery duel, [310];
  • capture of forts, [311–2], [520];
  • losses, [312].
• St. Louis, enlistments, 1. [195];
  • and Santa Fe trail trade, [286].
• St. Louis Missouri Reporter, attacks policy of forbearance, 1. [121];
  • demand for war, [443].
• St. Louis Republican, on rejection of Slidell, 1. [120];
  • on war spirit, [132].
• St. Louis Reveille, on war spirit, 1. [126].
• St. Mary’s, in occupation of Tampico, 1. [279], 2. [197];
  • off Vera Cruz, 1. [486];
  • in Home Squadron, 2. [197], [442].
• Salas, J. M., revolt in favor of Santa Anna, 1. [217], [222], [485], [488];
  • on Santa Anna at San Luis Potosí, [379];
  • and Farías and Santa Anna, 2. [1], [4];
  • and Polkos, [3];
  • supports Moderados, [4];
  • and rising against Farías, [13];
  • captured at Contreras, [110], [378];
  • and peace negotiations, [122];
  • and guerilla warfare, [169];
  • command in Army of the North, [369].
• Saldaña, General, captured at Chapultepec, 2. [411].
• Saltillo, road from Monterey, Worth’s movement on it, 1. [239–44], [497];
  • Taylor’s advance and occupation of town, [264–6];
  • Wool’s expedition diverted to, [275], [358];
  • Doniphan joins Wool, [313], [521];
  • Santa Anna’s plan against (Dec.), [357], [541];
  • and battle of Buena Vista, [383], [395], [555], [556], [559];
  • Valencia’s plans against, 2. [165];
  • under American rule, [213], [452];
  • Wool’s later force, [417];
  • Hamtramck commands, [418].
• San Agustín (Tlálpam), Scott’s advance to, 2. [96–8], [374], [381].
• San Angel, Patterson’s division at, 2. [461].
• San Antonio, Mex., fortification, 2. [98];
  • American reconnaissance and advance, [102–3];
  • capture, [112], [382].
• San Antonio, Texas, danger of Mexican attack (1846), 1. [153];
  • gathering of Wool’s force, [267];
  • aspect, [268].
• San Antonio (Abad) garita, 2. [147].
• San Blas, as port, 1. [3];
  • blockade, 2. [206], [207], [448];
  • not occupied, [207], [448].
• San Blas battalion, at Chapultepec, 2. [410].
• San Cosme garita, 2. [147];
  • capture, [161–2], [413–4], [416].
• San Diego, Cal., in the conquest, 1. [336], [340], [534].
• San Fernando de Presas, 1. [259], [502].
• San Fernando de Rosas, Wool at, aspect, 1. [272].
• San Francisco, Cal., importance of port, effort to acquire, 1. [95], [323–4], [436].
• San Gerónimo village, in battle of Contreras, 2. [104], [105], [107], [379], [380].
• San Isidro, Harney at, 2. [94].
• San Jacinto, battle of, 1. [47].
• San José, Lower Cal., occupied, counter-attacks, 2. [208], [448], [449].
• San Juan, American post, 2. [432].
• San Juan Bautista, Perry’s attacks, 2. [199], [204–5], [443], [445].
• San Juan de Ulúa, fortress, captured by French, 1. [49];
  • position and strength, [349], [536], 2. [19], [21], [333];
  • plan, [21];
  • and the siege, [33];
  • surrender, occupation, [36], [340];
  • plan for naval attack, [201], [444].
  • See also Vera Cruz expedition.
• San Lucas, occupied, 2. [208].
• San Luis Potosí, situation, 1. [3];
  • Santa Anna at, [375–80];
  • his march against Taylor, [380];
  • Scott’s intention to occupy, 2. [184], [432];
  • war-party insurrection, [240], [466].
• San Luis Potosí battalion, at Monterey, 1. [494].
• San Luis Potosí cavalry, at Monterey, 1. [494].
• San Luis Potosí state, in discussion on peace, 2. [464].
• San Pascual, Cal., battle, 1. [341–2];
  • map, [341].
• San Patricio, Texas, Taylor’s intended movement, 1. [452].
• San Patricio corps of Irish deserters,
  • at Buena Vista, 1. [391], [393], [395];
  • origin, [494], [550];
  • at Churubusco, 2. [111], [117], [385];
  • fate, [385].
• Sanders, John, and artillery in Monterey campaign, 1. [228];
  • in battle of Monterey, [246].
• Sands, J. R., at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [338].
• Santa Anna, Antonio López de, and education, 1. [14];
  • first appearance, [31];
  • in Itúrbide’s revolt, [33];
  • revolt against Itúrbide, [35];
  • and overthrow of Pedraza (1828), [40], [41];
  • and Spanish invasion, [41];
  • appearance and character, [42], [54], [220], [414], [415], [487], 2. [312–3], [510];
  • in retirement, 1. [44], [45], [47], [48], [52];
  • restores Pedraza (1832), [44–5];
  • elected President (1832), [45];
  • dictator with reactionary support, [46], [415];
  • plans, effect of Texan revolt, [47];
  • loses leg in attack on French, hero, [49];
  • undermines Bustamante, [49–50];
  • and Paredes revolt, [50];
  • seizes power (1841), dictatorship, [51–2];
  • constitutional President, [53];
  • overthrow, banished, [53–4];
  • and United States and Texas, [63], [66], [85–6], [433];
  • plans against Texas (1842–3), [67], [70];
  • closes New Mexican trade, [72];
  • and claims, [78];
  • hatred of United States, [103];
  • boasts power of army, [106];
  • invites a blockade, [110];
  • incites fears of Spanish America, [111];
  • on desire for war, [116];
  • “butcher,” [117];
  • Polk’s negotiations (1846), [201–3], [471], [478–9], 2. [491], [493];
  • combination against Paredes, 1. [215–7], [485];
  • Alvarez’ revolt in favor of, [216];
  • return, [218], [486];
  • manifesto, [219];
  • position and caution, [219–22], [487];
  • policy and command of army only, [222–4];
  • reception at the capital, [222], [488];
  • sets out for front, [223];
  • and Monterey campaign, [230], [234], [494], [503];
  • and termination of Monterey armistice, [264];
  • and Tampico, [278], [511];
  • potential army, [283], [513];
  • policy toward northern frontier, [305];
  • and Doniphan’s march, [306];
  • and California, [319];
  • plan to attack during Taylor’s Victoria march, [357];
  • programme of one victory, [374–5];
  • at San Luis Potosí, incites patriotism, [375];
  • attitude of states toward, [376], [550];
  • and National Guard and officers, [376];
  • financial worries and operations, [377], 2. [254–5], [477];
  • character of his northern army, 1. [377], [379], [550];
  • rumors of his intended treachery and dictatorship, [378], [379], [551];
  • inaction condemned, [379];
  • plan to attack Taylor’s weak and isolated force, [379], [543], [552];
  • march, force, [380–2], [552–4];
  • discovered by Americans, their flight to Buena Vista, [382–3], [554];
  • battle of Buena Vista, [384–97];
  • retires to preserve organized army, [397–8], [562];
  • retreat to San Luis Potosí, [398];
  • credited with victory, [399];
  • robs treasury (1844), [432];
  • and Texan boundary, [449];
  • and Salas and Farías, 2. [1];
  • and Puros, [2–5];
  • and shelving of Farías, [4], [327];
  • and election (1846), [5];
  • and Church property, [9–12], [65], [329], [331];
  • and clerical revolt, supersedes Farías, [13–4], [331];
  • political position as Executive (1847), [14–5], [332];
  • and defence of Vera Cruz, [20], [334];
  • on surrender of Vera Cruz, [33], [341], [342];
  • preparations against Scott below Perote, [40–2], [346];
  • defences and force at Cerro Gordo, [42–5], [347], [348];
  • battle of Cerro Gordo, [48–59], [352];
  • flight, [55];
  • in retreat, [67], [358];
  • preparations at Orizaba, funds, [67], [359];
  • political influences on movements, at Puebla, [68–9], [360];
  • Amozoc affair, evacuates Puebla, [70], [360];
  • loss of prestige after Cerro Gordo, [80], [367];
  • as target for discontent, [82];
  • return to capital with army, breach of faith, [82–3], [368];
  • resumes executive power, opposition, [83–5];
  • defied by states, [86–7];
  • collection of matériel, [87];
  • organization of army, its character and officers, [87–9], [369];
  • plan of operation against Scott’s advance, [89–90], [370];
  • defences, [90];
  • power and enthusiasm for, on start of final campaign, [91–2];
  • and Scott’s march to San Agustín, [97–8], [374];
  • confidence in, again lost, [98];
  • southern line, [99–101], [374];
  • and Valencia’s occupation of Contreras field, [102], [375];
  • and battle of Contreras, [105], [106], [110], [379], [380];
  • preparations at Churubusco, [110–1], [382];
  • battle of Churubusco, [112–9], [382–5];
  • attitude toward peace on his return (1846), [122], [124], [386];
  • and Trist mission, [130–2];
  • peace move after Churubusco, [133];
  • armistice, [133], [137–8], [394–6];
  • activity during it, combination against him, [134], [136], [398];
  • peace negotiations during armistice, [135–8], [396–400];
  • preparations at Molino del Rey, [142];
  • and the battle there, [144], [402], [404];
  • preparations against attack on city, [152];
  • and Chapultepec, [153–5], [410];
  • at Belén garita, [159], [160], [413];
  • at San Cosme garita, [161], [162];
  • evacuates the city, [163], [415];
  • and uprising in city, [167], [168], [420];
  • and guerilla warfare, [169];
  • siege of Puebla, [174–6];
  • battle of Huamantla, [176–8], [425], [426];
  • eliminated, [179–81], [427], [428];
  • yields command, [181], [429];
  • voluntary exile, [181], [242], [429];
  • and salary, [327];
  • capture of his wooden leg, [354];
  • Scott’s proclamation on, [357];
  • and British offer of mediation, [368];
  • almost captured, [427].
  • See also Mexico expedition.
• Santa Barbara, Cal., Pico’s convention, 1. [329], [527];
  • occupied by Stockton, [337];
  • Frémont at, [345];
  • captured by insurgents, [534].
• Santa Cruz de Rosales, capture, 2. [166].
• Santa Fe, Mex., powder-mill, 1. [462], 2. [87].
• Santa Fe, N. Mex., Texan expedition, 1. [72], [118];
  • occupied by Kearny, [296];
  • aspect, [296];
  • troops remaining at, [298];
  • population, [517];
  • condition of force at, [518].
  • See also next title, and New Mexico.
• Santa Fe trail, development and importance, 1. [72], [284], [286], [514];
  • Kearny’s expedition on, [288–9], [515].
• Santa Rosa, Wool at, 1. [272].
• Santa Rosa Pass, skirmish, 1. [541].
• Santangelo, O. G. D. de A., claim, 1. [427];
  • on outrages, [448].
• Santiago, Fort, at Vera Cruz, 2. [19].
• Saratoga, in Pacific squadron, 2. [189];
  • yellow fever, [195];
  • in Home Squadron, [446].
• Saunders, J. L., attack at Tampico, 2. [197], [441].
• Saunders, R. M., American minister at Madrid, and Spanish mediation, 2. [503].
• Savannah, at Monterey, 1. [335];
  • and Frémont, [345], [536];
  • in Pacific squadron, 2. [189], [447].
• Schatzel, I. P., American consul at Matamoros, 1. [455].
• School of Mines, Mexican, 1. [14].
• Scenery, Mexican.
  • See Physical aspect.
• Scorpion, in Home Squadron, 2. [446].
• Scott, H. L., at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [335];
  • of Scott’s staff, [366].
• Scott, Martin, at Monterey, 1. [245], [498].
• Scott, Winfield, political ambition and the war, 1. [130], 2. [284], [390], [391];
  • relations with Polk, 1. [130], [354], 2. [75], [188], [436], [511];
  • and Taylor and Bliss, 1. [141];
  • and Twiggs-Worth controversy, [144];
  • and advance to Rio Grande, [152–4];
  • and command in the field, [196], [198];
  • character, [197], [545], 2. [248], [316–8];
  • war policy and clash with administration, relegated, 1. [198–200], [476–8];
  • and Taylor’s intelligence system, [227];
  • on Monterey, [261], [505], [506];
  • and Taylor, [262], [352], [353], [363], [368], [544];
  • and defensive-line policy, [283];
  • and war programme, [350], [351];
  • selected to command Vera Cruz expedition, [351–4];
  • and earlier rebuff, [353], [539];
  • and Harney, [364–5], [545], [546];
  • attitude toward Pillow, [367], 2. [186], [378];
  • character of reports, 1. [404], 2. [59], [354];
  • and flintlocks, 1. [450];
  • on Polk’s alarm at outbreak, [476];
  • and Taylor’s advance from the Rio Grande, [490];
  • and Doniphan’s expedition, [517];
  • and Taylor’s insubordinate advance, [547];
  • on Twiggs, 2. [48];
  • attitude of troops, [49];
  • at Cerro Gordo, [56];
  • at Contreras, [105], [106], [378], [379];
  • at Churubusco, [111], [118], [119], [383];
  • halt after Churubusco, on it, [121], [386];
  • quarrel with Trist, [128], [389];
  • reconciliation and harmony, [130], [392], [397];
  • and douceur, [131], [132], [390], [391];
  • and Mexican attitude toward Trist, [132], [133], [390], [393];
  • peace move after Churubusco, [133];
  • armistice then, [133], [137], [138], [394–6], [398–9];
  • and Molino del Rey, [143], [147], [401], [402];
  • decides to attack Chapultepec, [149], [408];
  • misgivings on it, [154];
  • at the battle, [158];
  • and advance after Chapultepec, [161], [412], [414–6];
  • in Mexico City, [164], [415–6];
  • cabal against, [185–8], [434–8];
  • and Worth, [186], [361];
  • removed, [188], [438];
  • orders for military government, [455–7];
  • and Catholic church, [221];
  • discipline in Mexico City, [226], [459–60];
  • and local government there, [229];
  • on conduct of his army, [231];
  • pessimism on war outlook, [235];
  • and recall of Trist, [238], [465];
  • and peace negotiations and de facto truce, [240], [242], [467];
  • promise to protect peace government, [240];
  • and armistice after signing of peace, [242], [471];
  • magnanimity, [248], [317];
  • and tariff for Mexican ports, [262];
  • and levies on Mexicans, [265], [486–7];
  • political effect of Polk’s attitude, [272];
  • political effect of actions, [278];
  • and foreign interests, [303];
  • achievement, [316–8];
  • invited to be dictator, [323];
  • on plan at Cerro Gordo, [350];
  • rebuke of Worth at Puebla, [361];
  • and Semmes’s mission, [389];
  • suspected Rejón intrigue, [390];
  • Scott not acting in politics, [390];
  • proposal to facilitate peace by halting before Mexico, [393];
  • at southern front, [408];
  • and Peña government, [428];
  • plea for adequate forces, [510];
  • contrasts regulars and volunteers, [512].
  • See also Mexico expedition; Vera Cruz expedition.
• Scourge,
  • in attack on Tuxpán, 2. [203], [444];
  • at Alvarado, [344];
  • in Home Squadron, [446].
• Scouting.
  • See Intelligence.
• Scurvy, in navy, 2. [194].
• Sea, at Tampico, 1. [281].
• Secession, and Texan annexation, 2. [272].
  • See also Coalition.
• Second Artillery,
  • in Scott’s army, 2. [77];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [343];
  • at Churubusco, [384];
  • in Lane’s march to Puebla, [426];
  • garrison at Puebla, [433].
• Second Dragoons,
  • at Fort Jesup, 1. [140];
  • go to Texas, [142–3];
  • advance to Saltillo, [264];
  • at Buena Vista, [388], [555];
  • in Monterey campaign, [492], [496];
  • at the battle, [497];
  • in Wool’s march, [509];
  • in Harney’s brigade, [541];
  • in Scott’s army, 2. [77];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [343];
  • at Churubusco, [384];
  • in Taylor’s later force, [417].
• Second Infantry,
  • in Victoria march, 1. [357];
  • in Harney’s brigade, [541];
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [53];
  • in Scott’s army, [77];
  • at Churubusco, [114], [382];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [343].
• Second Ligero,
  • at Resaca de la Palma, 1. [173], [174];
  • at Monterey, [494];
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [52], [347].
• Sedgwick, John,
  • on Reynosa, 1. [212];
  • on Scott and Pillow, 2. [439].
• Seiffart, ——, Prussian minister at Mexico, and peace negotiations, 2. [397].
• Semmes, Raphael,
  • at San Cosme garita, 2. [162];
  • wrecked, [194];
  • on Worth at Puebla, [360];
  • bias of account, [373];
  • on Churubusco, [383];
  • and Scott, [389];
  • on Molino del Rey, [402], [403].
• Senate, treaty of peace in, 2. [246–8], [472–3].
  • See also Congress, American.
• Senobio, M., and siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [31];
  • in preparations below Perote, [40], [41];
  • guerilla, [421].
• Sentmanat, Francisco, executed, 1. [117], [241].
• Serfdom in Mexico, 1. [5].
• Seven Laws, 1. [47];
  • failure, [50].
• Seventh Infantry, in Texas, 1. [143];
  • Mexican propaganda in, [161];
  • at Fort Brown, [163];
  • march to Camargo, [209];
  • at Monterey, [245], [247], [492], [496], [501];
  • left there, [508];
  • in Smith’s brigade, [541];
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [51], [54], [55], [352];
  • in Scott’s army, [77];
  • at Churubusco, [114], [382];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [343].
• Seventh Line Infantry, Mexican, at Sacramento, 1. [307];
  • at Monterey, [494].
• Severance, Luther, encourages enemy, 2. [280];
  • position in House, [496].
• Sevier, A. H., on Polk and peace, 2. [245];
  • ratification commissioner, [249], [251], [474].
• Seward, W. H., on expansion, 1. [444].
• Seymour, Sir George, and California, 1. [334], [336], [531].
• Seymour, T. H., at Chapultepec, 2. [410].
• Shannon, Wilson, American minister at Mexico, and annexation of Texas, 1. [86], [87].
• Shark, in Pacific squadron, 2. [189].
• Shaw, T. D., at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [338].
• Shawnee Indians, in Kearny’s expedition, 1. [288].
• Sherman, T. W., at Buena Vista, 1. [390], [392], [395], [555];
  • in Smith’s brigade, [541];
  • light artillery, 2. [366].
• Sherman, W. T., on California and independence, 1. [321];
  • on treaty of peace, 2. [246].
• Shields, James,
  • on enlistment, 1. [195];
  • in Wool’s march, [271], [509];
  • at Tampico, as governor, [282], 2. [229], [418], [461];
  • Taylor on, 1. [352];
  • in Vera Cruz expedition, [368], 2. [27];
  • at Brazos, 1. [476];
  • career, [509];
  • before Cerro Gordo, 2. [49];
  • in the battle, [52], [53], [55];
  • wounded, [55], [352];
  • brigade in Scott’s army, [78];
  • at Contreras, [105], [107], [108], [110], [379], [380];
  • at Churubusco, [115–7], [384];
  • force after that battle, [120];
  • wounded at Chapultepec, [157];
  • discipline, [215];
  • and douceur, [391];
  • and plan to attack Mexico City, [408];
  • retained in service, [432];
  • leaves Mexico, [438];
  • not West Pointer, [513].
• Shiver, Captain, in Monterey campaign, 1. [492], [496].
• Shover, W. H., at Saltillo, 1. [556], [559].
• Shubrick, W. B., commands Pacific squadron, blockade order, 2. [206], [446];
  • operations, [206–8], [447–9];
  • and occupied territory, [208].
• Siglo XIX,
  • on Herrera’s rule, 1. [56];
  • on Americans, [103];
  • on corruption, [417];
  • on Paredes revolt, [438];
  • on Church property and war funds, 2. [8].
• Silva, Mariano, and surrender of Monterey, Cal., 1. [334].
• Simmons, S. G., in Lane’s march to Puebla, 2. [426].
• Simms, W. G., and absorption of Mexico, 2. [243];
  • on Vera Cruz expedition, [336].
• Simpson, Sir George, on California, 1. [321].
• Sinaloa state, and secession, 2. [86].
• Sitgreaves, Lorenzo, reconnaissance in Wool’s march, 1. [271].
• Six-months men, Gaines’s requisition and service, 1. [196], [205], [452], [476], 2. [272], [511].
• Sixteenth Infantry, in Taylor’s later force, 2. [417], [418].
• Sixth Infantry, in Wool’s march, 1. [509];
  • in Scott’s army, 2. [77];
  • at Churubusco, [112], [115], [116], [384];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [343];
  • at Molino del Rey, [402];
  • at Belén garita, [412].
• Sixth Line Infantry, Mexican, at Monterey, 1. [494];
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [44], [54], [347].
• Size of Mexico, 1. [1].
• Slavery,
  • Mexico counts on help of American slaves, 1. [107];
  • European warning against expansion, [114];
  • interests and attitude toward Mexico, [123];
  • extension not cause of war, [187–9], [473];
  • and war annexations, 2. [274], [289], [492], [502];
  • politics of Wilmot Proviso, [286–7];
  • and stopping of the war, [500].
• Slidell, John,
  • Mexican mission and rejection, 1. [91], [95–8], [100–1], [127], [145], [326], [436–9], [447], [453], [460];
  • on Oregon and Mexican controversies, [114], [115];
  • effect of rejection on American opinion, [120];
  • on failure of mission, [133], [135], [181];
  • and advance to Rio Grande, [152];
  • report on Santa Anna’s attitude, [201];
  • and Patterson, [351];
  • and peace negotiations, 2. [126], [387];
  • and Conner, [202];
  • House demand for instructions, [500].
• Sloat, J. D.,
  • pacific instructions to (1845), 1. [131], [447];
  • instructions on California, [326], [526], [530];
  • hesitation, final occupation of Monterey, [333–5], [530–1];
  • gives place to Stockton, [336];
  • squadron, 2. [189].
• Smith, A. J., and Mormon battalion, 1. [290].
• Smith, Ashbel, on Polk and war, 1. [446].
• Smith, C. F., at Resaca de la Palma, 1. [172];
  • at Monterey, [242], [244], [498];
  • in march to San Agustín, 2. [98];
  • at Churubusco, [112], [115], [116], [384];
  • battalion at Molino del Rey, [144], [145], [403];
  • and at Chapultepec, [161].
• Smith, D. W., American consul at Matamoros, reports cited passim.
• Smith, Ephraim Kirby, mortally wounded at Molino del Rey, 2. [403].
• Smith, G. W., and Cerro Gordo, 2. [349];
  • with Scott, [366].
• Smith, Isaac, on mistakes at Monterey, 1. [503].
• Smith, J. L., engineer company with Scott, 2. [349], [356], [366];
  • and plan of attack on Mexico City, [408].
• Smith, J. M., at Churubusco, 2. [117].
• Smith, M. L., reconnoitres Old Peñón, 2. [369].
• Smith, P. F., brigade in march to Monterey, 1. [229], [492], [496];
  • in the battle, [245], [498];
  • commands at Monterey, [508];
  • brigade, [541];
  • and Cerro Gordo, 2. [52];
  • brigade in Scott’s army, [77];
  • at Contreras, [104–10], [376], [379];
  • at Churubusco, [114];
  • at Chapultepec, [156], [158], [408], [410];
  • in Mexico City, [163];
  • as governor there, [226];
  • armistice negotiations, [242], [394];
  • and evacuation, [252], [475];
  • on engineers, [320];
  • court of inquiry on Worth, [361];
  • credit for Contreras, [376];
  • career and character, [377];
  • not at conference on attack on capital, [408];
  • not West Pointer, [513].
• Smith, Sidney, and American repudiation, 2. [256].
• Smith, William, on the war, 2. [499].
• Smuggling, Mexican, 1. [17], [410].
• Social conditions,
  • in Mexico, idleness, 1. [15], [22];
  • in country, [18];
  • in villages and towns, [19–21];
  • at the capital, [21–8];
  • character of ruling class, [25–7];
  • general conclusions, [28], [410];
  • Mexican statement on character, [411].
  • See also [Character]; [Population]; [Roman Catholic church].
• Society, Mexican, conditions, 1. [25];
  • intercourse in occupied territory, 2. [230–1], [461–2].
• Soldado, Fort, at Monterey, 1. [241];
  • capture, [245], [498].
• Somers, wrecked, 2. [194];
  • in Home Squadron, [197], [442].
• Sotepingo, captured, 2. [113].
• Soto, Juan, and defending of Vera Cruz, 2. [22], [31], [341];
  • and preparations below Perote, [41];
  • and Santa Anna at Orizaba, [68].
• South Carolina troops,
  • call, 1. [537];
  • in Taylor’s later command, 2. [417].
  • See also [Palmetto].
• Southampton, in Pacific squadron, 2. [447].
• Southern Quarterly Review,
  • on Worth, 2. [360].
• Spain,
  • colonial policy, 1. [29–30];
  • and Mexican-American relations (1846), [100];
  • and monarchy for Mexico, [448], [485], [486];
  • and Mexican privateering, 2. [193];
  • attitude, [297], [298];
  • and blockade, [440], [449];
  • and mediation, [503].
  • See also Bermúdez de Castro; Lozano.
• Spanish, as class in Mexico,
  • 1. [3];
  • merchants, [17].
  • See also [Gachupines].
• Spanish America, and expected Mexican-American war, 1. [111];
  • and the actual war, 2. [298].
• Spanish language, key of pronunciation, 1. [xxi].
• Spectator, on misrule in Mexico, 2. [509].
• Speight, Jesse, position in Senate, 2. [496].
• Spitfire, in occupation of Tampico, 1. [279], [281];
  • in attack on Tuxpán, 2. [203], [444];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [338];
  • in Home Squadron, [446].
• Spooner, ——, Mexican Spy Company, 2. [362].
• Springfield Illinois State Register, on war and expansion, 1. [444].
• Staff, Scott’s, 2. [306].
• Staniford, Thomas, brigade in Monterey campaign, 1. [492].
• States, Mexican. See [Federalism].
• Stauffer, Mrs. W. R.,
  • acknowledgment to. 1. [451];
  • on Bliss, [451].
• Stearns, A. J.,
  • as trader in California, 1. [318];
  • and American occupation, [337].
• Stephens, A. H., on the war, 1. [183].
• Steptoe, E. J., battery in Scott’s army, 2. [77];
  • during Chapultepec, [152], [409];
  • in Mexico City, [163];
  • at Cerro Gordo, [348];
  • at Belén garita, [415].
• Sterett, J. S., at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [338].
• Stevens, I. I., on mistakes at Monterey, 1. [502];
  • at Churubusco, 2. [113], [383];
  • on Cerro Gordo, [350], [353];
  • engineer with Scott, [366];
  • reconnoitres Old Peñón, [369];
  • on Molino del Rey, [402];
  • reconnoitres southern approach to capital, [408];
  • and plan of attack on capital, [408].
• Stevenson, J. D., in California, 2. [219].
• Stewart, Andrew, on Walker, 2. [480].
• Stockton, R. F., pacific instructions to (1845), 1. [131];
  • command in California, character, [336], [532];
  • and Frémont, address, [336], [532];
  • first southern campaign, [336–7], [532];
  • rule, [337–8];
  • plan against Mexico, [338];
  • second southern campaign, [339–44], [534–5];
  • sends aid to Kearny, [341];
  • and Frémont’s capitulation, [346];
  • and blockade, 2. [205];
  • relinquishes rule, [217].
• Stone, C. P., ordnance officer with Scott, 2. [366].
• Storms, Mrs.,
  • in Mexico, 2. [11];
  • and Scott, [39];
  • and absorption of Mexico, [243].
• Storrs, Augustus, claim, 1. [425].
• Stromboli, in Home Squadron, 2. [446].
• Sub-treasury plan restored, 2. [257], [479].
• Sumner, Charles, on cause of war, 1. [189];
  • attitude, [274];
  • demands recall of troops, [290].
• Sumner, E. V.,
  • and Harney, 1. [365];
  • at Cerro Gordo, disabled, 2. [52], [350];
  • in Scott’s army, [77];
  • at Molino del Rey, [144], [146], [403];
  • during and after Chapultepec, [161], [408], [410], [414].
• Supplies. See [Transportation].
• Supreme Court, on title by conquest, 2. [241], [468].
• Surnames, Spanish, 1. 44 n.
• Sutter, J. A., trading post, 1. [318], [522].
• Swift, A. J., and engineer corps, 1. [451].
• Tabasco River,
  • Perry’s expeditions, 2. [199–200], [204–5], [443], [445];
  • map, [205].
• Tacitus, on a Roman general, 2. [313].
• Tacubaya,
  • Americans at, 2. [134];
  • aspect, [138].
• Tacubaya, Bases of, 1. [51].
• Talbot, Theodore, escape from Santa Barbara, 1. [534].
• Talcott, G. H.,
  • battery in Scott’s army, 2. [77];
  • at Cerro Gordo, [348].
• Talcott, George, ordnance bureau, 1. [474].
• Tamaulipas cavalry, at Monterey, 1. [494].
• Tamaulipas state,
  • plan to occupy, 1. [263], [507];
  • authorities and Urrea, 2. [166];
  • attitude toward United States, [215];
  • general occupation, [418];
  • and American tariff, [484].
  • See also Tampico; Victoria.
• Tampico,
  • as port, 1. [2];
  • situation, map, [276];
  • defences, [277];
  • reasons for occupation, [277], [511];
  • Conner’s attitude, [277];
  • Mexicans evacuate, [278–9], [510];
  • American navy occupies, [279–81], [511–2];
  • securing, [281–2], [512], [546];
  • march of troops from Victoria to, [366], [546];
  • assemblage for Vera Cruz expedition, [367], [546];
  • plans for uprising, 2. [165];
  • first naval attack, [197], [441];
  • under American rule, [214–5], [229], [230], [452], [461];
  • aspect, [214];
  • garrison, [418];
  • American tariff, [484].
• Tampico,
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [338];
  • in Home Squadron, [445].
• Tariff,
  • Mexican protective, 1. [17];
  • American, and the war, [105], [130], [186];
  • of 1846, political effect, opposition, 2. [257], [273], [281], [286], [478–9];
  • proposed, on tea and coffee, [261], [285], [482];
  • American, for Mexican ports, [261–3], [303], [484], [500], [505].
• Tattnall, Josiah,
  • in occupation of Tampico, 1. [281], [512];
  • in attack on Tuxpán, wounded, 2. [203];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [338], [339].
• Taxation, Mexican,
  • of mines, 1. [15];
  • Mexican war, 2. [253];
  • question of American war, [258], [480].
  • See also [Finances]; [Tariff].
• Taylor, Francis,
  • field battery, 1. [450];
  • in Scott’s army, 2. [77];
  • at Churubusco, [114];
  • during Chapultepec, [152], [409];
  • at Cerro Gordo, [348].
• Taylor, George,
  • at Huamantla, 2. [425], [426].
• Taylor, William,
  • American consul at Vera Cruz, reports cited passim.
• Taylor, Zachary,
  • at Fort Jesup, 1. [140];
  • career, [140];
  • character and ability, [140–1], [352], 2. [315–6], [318];
  • Bliss as adjutant, 1. [141], [451], 2. [318];
  • takes force to Corpus Christi, 1. [141–3];
  • its original size and first reinforcements, [142], [143], [454], 2. [511];
  • condition of force, 1. [143];
  • and Worth-Twiggs rank controversy, [144];
  • attitude of officers and men, [144], [362], [372], [374], [549];
  • Rio Grande campaign [see [this title]];
  • neglects to acquire information, [145], [161], [208], [226], [249], [374], [451], [464], [476], [478], [549];
  • fortifies the Mexicans, [158–61], [163], [177];
  • hero after Rio Grande campaign, [179];
  • Presidential ambition, personal effect, perverted judgments, [179], [208], [352], [363], [368], [538], [547], 2. [284];
  • and volunteers, 1. [191], [474], 2. [212], [450];
  • relations with Polk, mutual hostility, 1. [196], [263], [352–3], [507], [538], [544], [547];
  • continued in command, [200], [478];
  • feelings and problems at Matamoros, [204], [208], [481];
  • volunteer reinforcements, their camps and morale, [205–8], [480], [481];
  • Monterey campaign, [see this title];
  • results of campaign to, [261], [506];
  • condition and size of force after it, [262], [506];
  • fears displacement, [262];
  • and Scott, [262], [352], [353], [363], [368], [544];
  • and Patterson’s orders for Tamaulipas, [263], [507];
  • advance and occupation of Saltillo, [264–6];
  • and Wool’s march, [275], [276], [509], [510];
  • entire force of department (Dec., 1846), [282], [355], [513], [537], [539];
  • defensive-line policy, [282–3], [347], 2. [183];
  • insubordinate letter to Gaines, 1. [347], [507];
  • on war programme, [349], [536];
  • instructed not to operate beyond Monterey, [350];
  • and command of Vera Cruz expedition, [351–3], [539];
  • and Scott’s plans for expedition, [355–6], [363], [540], [543–4], [546], [552];
  • sets out for Victoria, [357–60], [541–2];
  • frustrates Scott’s plan for conference, [356], [358], [541], [542];
  • temporary return to Monterey expecting attack, [357];
  • to Victoria, [362];
  • returns to Monterey, [365], [368];
  • insubordinate advance to Agua Nueva, [368], [373–4], [547];
  • Buena Vista campaign [see [this title]];
  • belittles enemy, [374], [463];
  • visits to Saltillo during battle, [383], [388], [555], [556];
  • return to the field, [385], [391];
  • personal part in battle, [393], [395];
  • guerilla operations against, suppression of them, [399], 2. [169–71], [421], [422];
  • effect of battle on Presidential chances, 1. [400];
  • on capture of Tampico, [511], [512];
  • force at time of Buena Vista battle, [548];
  • and further operations, 2. [165], [417];
  • Valencia’s plans against, [165], [419];
  • leaves front, [166];
  • ordered policy toward inhabitants, [210–1];
  • failure to preserve discipline at Matamoros, [211], [450];
  • and levies on Mexicans, [264];
  • political effect of Polk’s attitude, [272];
  • and of own actions, [278], [493];
  • candidacy as vindication of the war, [292];
  • foreign criticism, [306–7], [507];
  • achievement, [315–6], [318];
  • later force, [417];
  • not West Pointer, [513].
• Taylor, Fort.
  • See [Brown].
• Tea and coffee, proposed American impost, 2. [261], [285], [482].
• Tecolote, Kearny’s expedition at, 1. [292].
• Tehuacán, and Santa Anna, 2. [429].
• Tehuantepec, in peace negotiations, 2. [466].
• Telégrafo, on Santa Anna as hero, 1. [485].
• Telégrafo hill at Cerro Gordo,
  • fortifications, 2. [42], [44];
  • attacks on, capture, [52–5], [350], [352], [354].
• Téllez, Rafael,
  • and California expedition, 1. [523], 2. [447];
  • at Mazatlán, [207], [447].
• Temascalitos. See Brazito.
• Temple, R. E., regiment in Taylor’s force, 2. [417].
• Ten Regiment Bill, passage and amendment, 2. [74–5], [363–4].
• Tenería redoubt at Monterey, 1. [249–250];
  • capture, [251–3], [500];
  • after capture, [255].
• Tennessee troops, enlistments, 1. [195];
  • in Texas, [205];
  • at Camargo, [211];
  • in Victoria march, [357];
  • in Monterey campaign, [492], [496];
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [56], [57], [352], [353];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [343];
  • leave Scott, [356];
  • further call, [431].
• Tenth Infantry in Taylor’s force, 2. [417], [418].
• Tenth Line Infantry, Mexican, at Chapultepec, 2. [408].
• Terrés, A., at Belén garita, 2. [159], [160], [413];
  • brigade, [369].
• Terrett, G. H., at Chapultepec, 2. [410].
• Tête de pont. See [Bridgehead].
• Texas,
  • effect of revolt on Santa Anna, 1. [47];
  • conditional recognition by Mexico, [55];
  • American efforts to purchase, [59], [62], [418], [419];
  • United States and revolt, recognition and neutrality, [63], [66], [422–3], [432], 2. [311];
  • neutrality and Gaines’s expedition, 1. [64–6], [420–2];
  • British designs, [67];
  • Santa Anna’s threatened invasions (1842–43), [67], [70], [121];
  • Webster’s protest (1842), [69];
  • antislavery opposition and Mexican relations, [70];
  • Santa Fe expedition, [72], [118];
  • annexation justified, [82–3], [432], 2. [311], [322], [509];
  • and European aid, 1. [82], [86];
  • Mexico and expected annexation, [83–6];
  • American offers of indirect payment to Mexico, [84–6], [88–9], [91], [95], [433–6];
  • Mexican diplomatic rupture and war preparations on annexation, [87], [126], [132], [434];
  • as expected theatre of war, [107], [110];
  • Europe and annexation, [113], 2. [295], [303], [501], [502], [506];
  • American resentment of Mexican outrages, 1. [117];
  • protection and question of southern boundary, [138], [153], [457], [470];
  • Taylor’s force in, [142–3], [454];
  • annexation as cause of the war, [189], [445–6], [448], 2. [276];
  • and Jackson’s message on claims, 1. [428];
  • British and French recognition of republic, [432];
  • in peace negotiations, 2. [135], [136], [238], [396], [398], [399], [463], [464], [469];
  • effect of annexation on Polk’s position, [272];
  • justice of revolt, [311];
  • and Kearny’s occupation of New Mexico, [497].
  • See also Rio Grande; Texas troops.
• Texas, Fort.
  • See [Brown].
• Texas troops,
  • rangers, 1. [143], [236];
  • calls, [150], [480], [537];
  • in Monterey campaign, [237], [241–4], [256], [492], [496], [501];
  • and Santa Anna’s advance, [382], [554];
  • at Buena Vista, [389], [556];
  • retaliation for guerillas, 2. [169];
  • conduct, [212], [450];
  • in Taylor’s later force, [417];
  • in Lane’s operations, [427].
  • See also [Hays]; [Henderson, J. P.]
• Theatre, Mexican, 1. [24].
• Thiers, L. A., and United States, 2. [296].
• Third Artillery, in Twiggs’s division, 1. [541];
  • at Buena Vista, [555];
  • in Scott’s army, 2. [77];
  • in California, [219];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [343];
  • in Taylor’s later force, [417];
  • at Huamantla, [425].
• Third Cavalry, Mexican, at Monterey, 1. [494].
• Third Dragoons, in Scott’s army, 2. [77], [364], [432];
  • origin, [363];
  • in Taylor’s later force, [417];
  • in Lane’s operations, [426], [427].
  • See also [Dragoons].
• Third Infantry, at Fort Jesup, 1. [140];
  • goes to Texas, [141–2];
  • at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, [164], [167], [467];
  • at Monterey, [250], [256], [492], [496], [502];
  • in Harney’s brigade, [541];
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [54], [352];
  • in Scott’s army, [77];
  • at Churubusco, [117];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [343];
  • at Chapultepec, [410].
• Third Ligero, at Monterey, 1. [494];
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [347];
  • at Chapultepec, [410].
• Third Line Infantry, Mexican, at Monterey, 1. [494];
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [44], [347].
• Thirteenth Infantry, in Taylor’s force, 2. [417].
• Thom, George, topographical engineer with Scott, 2. [366].
• Thomas, G. H., at Reynosa, 1. [204];
  • at Buena Vista, [394].
• Thompson, G. L., special mission to Mexico, 1. [84], [85], [433].
• Thompson, G. W., on Democratic dissensions, 2. [282].
• Thompson, Waddy, minister at Mexico, and decree expelling Americans, 1. [73–4];
  • and claims, [80], [426], [432];
  • and Bocanegra’s threat, [84];
  • on Mexico and slavery, [188];
  • opposes war, [189];
  • encourages enemy, 2. [280].
• Thornton, Edward, of British legation at Mexico,
  • and Trist mission, 2. [130], [131], [390];
  • and peace, [133];
  • and reopening of negotiations, [237–9], [463];
  • and mediation, [506].
• Thornton, S. B., force captured, 1. [149], [455].
• Thucydides, on vigilance in campaign, 1. [371];
  • on power and justice, 2. [323].
• Thurman, A. G., on Delano’s inconsistency, 2. [277];
  • position in House, [496].
• Tibbatts, J. W., regiment in Taylor’s force, 2. [417].
• Tiempo, monarchist organ, 1. [214];
  • on Americans, [484].
• Tilden, D. R., on regulars, 2. [320].
• Tlacotálpam, Hunter at, 2. [344].
• Tlálpam.
  • See San Agustín.
• Tlaxcala, Americans at, 2. [427].
• Tobacco monopoly, mismanagement, 2. [328].
• Todos Santos, skirmish, 2. [449].
• Toluca, seat of Peña’s government, 2. [180];
  • occupied, [184], [433].
• Toluca, Valley of, Americans in, 2. [134];
  • aspect, [180].
• Toluca battalion, at Chapultepec, 2. [408].
• Toombs, Robert, on Polk and war, 1. [130];
  • opposes war, [189].
• Topaz, claim, 1. [424].
• Topo road at Monterey, Worth’s advance, 1. [239], [241–4], [497].
• Topographical engineers with Scott, 2. [366].
• Topography of Mexico, 1. [1].
  • See also [Physical aspect].
• Tornel y Mendivil, J. M., appearance, 1. [25];
  • character, [46];
  • and Santa Anna’s interests, [46], [49], 2. [83], [85];
  • and Herrera, 1. [56];
  • and Butler, [62];
  • and expulsion of Americans, [73];
  • and Paredes, [99];
  • hatred of United States, [103];
  • on Texas as theatre of war, [107];
  • and hope in privateering, [109];
  • and the war, [213], [484];
  • and attack on Taylor, [456];
  • and overthrow of Paredes, [485];
  • opposes peace negotiations (1847), 2. [137];
  • and clerical crusade against Americans, [142];
  • and uprising in city, [167];
  • and riot during armistice, [396];
  • and Molino del Rey, [404].
• Torrejón, A., attacks Thornton, 1. [149];
  • force at Matamoros, [158];
  • on Taylor’s line of communication, [162];
  • at Palo Alto, [165], [167], [168];
  • at Resaca de la Palma, [171];
  • at Buena Vista, [390], [557];
  • brigade in Monterey campaign, [494];
  • at Las Bocas, [553];
  • at Contreras, 2. [107], [110], [378].
• Totten, J. G., chief engineer, 1. [475];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [335], [336].
• Tower, Z. B., at Cerro Gordo, 2. [50], [56], [349];
  • reconnoitres San Antonio, [102];
  • at Contreras, [107], [379];
  • engineer with Scott, [366];
  • reconnoitres southern approach of capital, [408];
  • and plan of attack on capital, [408].
• Towns, aspect of Mexican, 1. [19–21].
• Towson, Nathan, paymaster general, 1. [475].
• Traconis, J. B., at San Juan Bautista, 2. [200].
• Trade.
  • See [Commerce].
• Traill, X. F., at Buena Vista, 1. [389].
• Transportation, in Mexico, 1. [16], [18];
  • in Taylor’s advance to Monterey, [209], [227], [482], [490], [491], [493];
  • in Wool’s march, [274];
  • Taylor’s and guerilla warfare, [399–400], 2. [169–70];
  • Scott’s problem and guerillas, [38], [62], [77], [171], [344], [355], [365], [422], [423].
• Treasury.
  • See Finances.
• Treasury notes, American war issues, 2. [258], [260], [479–82].
• Treaties and conventions, draft, of limits (1828), 1. [60], [418];
  • of limits (1832), [61], [419];
  • of amity and commerce, [61], [419];
  • claims arbitration (1838, 1839), [79], [81], [431].
  • See also [Peace].
• Trias, Angel, as governor of Chihuahua, 1. [305–6];
  • battle of Sacramento, [306–13], [519], [520];
  • at Rosales, 2. [166], [419].
• Trigueros, Ignacio, conference with Santa Anna, 2. [368].
• Trist, N. P., on monks, 1. [408];
  • and Texas boundary, [449];
  • appointment as Polk’s agent, character, 2. [127];
  • preconceived attitude toward Scott, [127];
  • papers, [128];
  • misunderstanding and quarrel with Scott, [128–9], [389];
  • British mediation with Mexicans, [129–30], [390];
  • reconciliation and harmony with Scott, [130], [392], [397];
  • and douceur, [131–2];
  • negotiations during armistice, [135–6], [138], [396–400];
  • on Pillow, [185];
  • reopens negotiations, [235], [463];
  • recall, [236], [464];
  • ignores it, [237–8], [465], [467];
  • boundary ultimatum, [238];
  • meetings and treaty, [239–40], [466];
  • criticism of Polk, Polk’s hatred, [244];
  • ignored in ratification commission, [248], [473];
  • on Scott, [316], [317];
  • Mexican commissioners on, [323];
  • and plan of attack on Mexico City, [408];
  • on volunteers, [513].
• Triton, blockader, 2. [448].
• Trollope, Frances E., jibes, 2. [294].
• Trousdale, William, at Chapultepec, 2. [154], [160], [410];
  • regiment, [363].
• Truxtun, wrecked, 2. [202], [445];
  • in Home Squadron, [442].
• Tucker, George, on Walker, 2. [480].
• Tula, force at, 1. [550], [553].
• Turnbull, William, topographical engineer with Scott, 2. [366].
• Tuxpán, naval capture, 2. [202–3], [444].
• Twelfth Infantry, in Scott’s army 2. [78], [363], [422], [432];
  • at Churubusco, [384];
  • during Chapultepec, [408].
• Twiggs, D. E., in Texas, 1. [143];
  • rank controversy, [144];
  • advances to Rio Grande, [146];
  • at Palo Alto, [164], [167];
  • in Monterey campaign, [250], [404], [492], [496];
  • division reorganized, [357], [541];
  • to Tampico, [357], [365–6];
  • at Lobos Islands, [368];
  • landing at Vera Cruz, 2. [26];
  • at siege, [27], [30], [343];
  • march of division to Cerro Gordo, [39], [45–8], [345], [349];
  • force and artillery, [45];
  • appearance and character as general, [48];
  • blunders into Cerro Gordo defences and retreats, [48], [349];
  • question of assault, [49];
  • in the battle, [50–3], [350], [352], [354];
  • march to Puebla, [72];
  • division in Scott’s army, [77], [356];
  • in advance from Puebla, [92], [94], [97], [371];
  • at Contreras, [103], [109], [380];
  • at Churubusco, [113], [383], [385];
  • force after the battle, [120];
  • during armistice, [134];
  • advance after armistice, [142], [401];
  • and plan of attack on Mexico City, [149], [408];
  • feint during Chapultepec, [152], [153], [409];
  • court of inquiry on Worth, [361];
  • on credit for Contreras, [376];
  • governor of Vera Cruz, [457];
  • and peace negotiations, [464].
• Twiggs, Levi, at Chapultepec, killed, 2. [156], [157];
  • commands Marines with Scott, [366].
• Tyler, John, expects war with Mexico (1842), 1. [69];
  • and California, [324].
• Ugarte, M., and Kearny’s march, 1. [289], [294], [297].
• Ulúa.
  • See [San Juan de Ulúa].
• Unico, Mexican privateer, 2. [191], [193].
• Unión battalion, at Chapultepec, 2. [408].
• United States, at Monterey, 1. [423].
• University, Mexican, 1. [14].
• Upham, William, and war bill, 1. [183].
• Upper class.
  • See [Aristocracy].
• Upshur, A. P.,
  • and Mexican-Texan relations, 1. [70];
  • protest against trade restrictions, [73];
  • and annexation of Texas, [84].
• Upton, Emory, on inadequacy of Mexico expedition, 2. [510].
• Uraga, J. López,
  • at Palo Alto. 1. [165];
  • at Resaca de la Palma, [173], [174];
  • at Monterey, [233], [494];
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [53].
• Urrea, José,
  • forays, 1. [400], [562];
  • at Tula, [550];
  • at Buena Vista, [553];
  • and plans against Taylor, 2. [165];
  • removed, [166];
  • guerilla, [169].
• Valencia, G.,
  • revolt, 1. [50];
  • plots against Santa Anna, [52];
  • and Paredes, [99];
  • and Santa Anna (1846), [377], [550];
  • and Taylor’s march to Victoria, [542];
  • at Tula, [550];
  • hostility to Santa Anna (1847), 2. [82], [83];
  • sent north, [84];
  • brings northern army to capital, [88];
  • character, [88], [375];
  • in plan against Scott’s advance, [90], [96];
  • fails, [95];
  • ordered to southern front, [98];
  • size of force, [101], [375];
  • appearance, [101];
  • occupation of Contreras field, [101], [102], [104], [375];
  • battle, [104–10], [377–80];
  • escapes, [110], [380];
  • and Trist mission, [131], [132];
  • in a combination against Santa Anna, [134], [136];
  • in Scott’s rear, [148];
  • plans for movement against Taylor, [165], [419];
  • subordinates, [369];
  • captured, [429].
• Vallejo, M. G.,
  • leader in California, 1. [319];
  • American partisan, [328];
  • captured, [332].
• Valverde, Doniphan at, 1. [298–9].
• Van Buren, Martin,
  • and claims on Mexico, 1. [78–9], [429];
  • on cause of war, [189];
  • and California, [324];
  • followers and Polk, 2. [270], [281];
  • followers and Wilmot Proviso, [286].
• Vandalia, at California, 1. [339].
• Vanderlinden, Pedro, at Buena Vista, 1. [385].
• Vattel, Emerich de,
  • on self-preservation, 1. [136];
  • on justification of war, [155];
  • on enemy goods, 2. [261].
• Vázquez, Ciriaco,
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [52], [53];
  • killed, [54], [352].
• Vázquez, F. P., bishop of Puebla, on law of Jan. 11, 2. [329];
  • and battle of Cerro Gordo, [347];
  • complaint on American desecration, [459].
• Vázquez, J. A., at Tula, 1. [550].
• Vázquez, J. M., guerilla, 2. [421].
• Vega, R. D. de la. See [La Vega].
• Vegas. See [Las Vegas].
• Velázquez de León, Joaquin. See León.
• Venado, force at, 1. [553].
• Vera Cruz, as port, 1. [2];
  • aspect, life, 2. [18], [35], [221–2].
  • See also next title.
• Vera Cruz expedition,
  • considered, risk, defences of city, 1. [349–50], [536], 2. [18–20], [333];
  • adoption of project, 1. [350–1];
  • new troops to be raised, [351], [537];
  • question of commander, [351–4];
  • Scott’s plan and preparations, [354], [539–41];
  • and yellow fever, [354], 2. [22], [23], [37], [59], [336], [339], [342], [344];
  • responsibility thrown on Scott, 1. [355], [540];
  • troops from Taylor’s command, his resentment, [356], [362–3], [365], [540], [543], [544], [546], [552];
  • Scott at Brazos Island, [356];
  • Taylor frustrates Scott’s plan for conference, [356], [358], [541], [542];
  • difficulties of assemblage at Brazos, [363–5], [544];
  • march from Victoria to Tampico, [365–6], [546];
  • assemblage at Tampico, Scott there, [367], [546];
  • rendezvous at Lobos Islands, [367], 2. [17];
  • sailing to Antón Lizardo, [17–8], [332];
  • policy and preparations for defence, garrison, [20–22], [334];
  • and Polko revolt, [20], [331], [334];
  • problem and solution of attack, [22–3], [335–6];
  • landing of American force, [23–7], [336];
  • general map of siege, [24];
  • investment, [27];
  • Scott’s warning to city, [27], [337];
  • establishment of first batteries, [27–9], [337];
  • map of American batteries, [28];
  • shortage of requisites for siege, [28], [29], [336], [338], [339];
  • initial bombardment, inadequacy, [29];
  • mosquito fleet, [29], [338];
  • dissatisfaction of officers, [30];
  • naval battery and later bombardment, [30], [338];
  • conditions within city, [30–2], [337], [339];
  • negotiations and surrender, [32–3], [340], [342];
  • justification of bombardment, casualties in city, [33], [339], [341];
  • condition of Scott’s force, [34–5], [342];
  • occupation, [35–6], [343];
  • American garrison, [37];
  • plans for naval attack on Ulúa, [201], [444];
  • American rule of city, [220–2], [457];
  • American evacuation, [252];
  • foreign comment, [307];
  • Scott’s “cabinet,” [335];
  • American force at siege, [336], [343];
  • American losses, [343];
  • American tariff, [484].
  • See also Mexico expedition.
• Vera Cruz state, guerilla warfare, leaders, 2. [169], [171], [421];
  • American assessment on, [265];
  • appeal to Mexican factions, [334];
  • manifesto on Santa Anna, [359].
  • See also [Soto].
• Veramendi, M. R., and uprising against Americans, 2. [420].
• Vergara Camp, 2. [222].
• Verónica causeway, 2. [147], [161];
  • advance over, [161].
• Vesuvius, in attack on Tuxpán, 2. [444];
  • in Home Squadron, [445], [446].
• Vice, prevalence in Mexico, 1. [22], [23], [26], [27].
  • See also Gambling; Liquor.
• Vice Presidency, abolished in Mexico, 2. [15].
• Victoria, Guadalupe, as partisan leader, 1. [32];
  • in Itúrbide’s revolt, [33];
  • revolt against Itúrbide, [35];
  • as President, [37–40];
  • and Texas, [60], [418];
  • and commercial treaty, [61].
• Victoria, Taylor’s march, 1. [357–60], [541–2];
  • Santa Anna’s plan to attack, [357];
  • Patterson’s march, [360–2], [542], [543];
  • map of his march, [360];
  • march from, to Tampico, [365–6], [546];
  • Taylor leaves, [368].
• Victoria battalion, formation, 2. [3];
  • at San Antonio, [112], [384].
• Vidal, Luis, and Doniphan’s advance, 1. [301], [518].
• Viga garita, 2. [148].
• Vigas,
  • as defensive point, 2. [39];
  • Worth at, [60].
• Vigil y Alarid, J. B., receives Kearny at Santa Fe, 1. [296].
• Vigne, G. T., on American rule at Jalapa, 2. [225].
• Villages, aspect of Mexican, 1. [19].
• Villevêque, ——, French agent in Mexico, reports cited passim.
• Vinton, J. R., at Monterey, 1. [246].
• Vinton, S. F., position in House, 2. [496].
• Virginia, legislature on the war, 1. [119].
  • See also next title.
• Virginia troops,
  • calls, 1. [537], 2. [364];
  • in Taylor’s later force, [417];
  • slow response to call, [431].
• Vixen,
  • in occupation of Tampico, 1. [279];
  • in attack on Alvarado, 2. [198], [199];
  • in Tabasco expedition, [200];
  • in attack on Tuxpán, [203], [444];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, [338];
  • in Home Squadron, [446].
• Voltigeur regiment,
  • in Scott’s army, 2. [78], [422], [432];
  • at Chapultepec, [154–7];
  • origin and status, [363];
  • at Churubusco, [385];
  • at Molino del Rey, [402], [403].
• Volunteers,
  • authorization, 1. [182], [190];
  • errors in system, term, officers, their character, [191–2], [207], [474];
  • Taylor and, [191], [474], 2. [212], [450];
  • first call and response, 1. [192–5], [445], [475], [476];
  • mustering, New Orleans camp, and voyage to Texas, [195–6], [475];
  • Gaines’s six-months men, [196], [205], [452], [476], 2. [272], [511];
  • conditions in Texan camps, morale, 1. [205–8], [480], [481];
  • further calls, [351], [537], 2. [76], [364], [430], [431];
  • Wool on, 1. [371];
  • term-expired men leave Scott, 2. [63–4], [356];
  • infamous conduct at Matamoros, [211–2], [450];
  • excesses at Monterey, [212], [450];
  • and elsewhere, [213], [214], [224], [225];
  • officers and their men, [215];
  • statistics, [318];
  • contrast with regulars, [319–20], [512–3];
  • authorized size of army (1847), [431];
  • supposed number (Nov., 1847), [432].
  • See also [Army]; names of states.
• Von Holst, H. E.
  • See [Holst].
• Voz del Pueblo,
  • advocates war, 1. [107], [434];
  • on chances of expected war, [110];
  • on Slidell mission, [436].
• Wagons. See [Transportation].
• Walker, Sir Baldwin, and American commander, 2. [446].
• Walker, R. J.,
  • and expansion, 1. [188];
  • and the war, [471];
  • and absorption of Mexico, 2. [243], [244];
  • opposes treaty of peace, [246];
  • pre-war financial estimates, [255];
  • tariff and political ambition, [257], [478];
  • and need of more revenue, [258], [260], [480];
  • loan negotiations, distrusted, [259], [260], [262], [480–2];
  • proposed tax on tea and coffee, [261], [482];
  • tariff for Mexican ports, [261–2];
  • and levies on Mexicans, [264–5], [487];
  • opposition to policy, [273], [281];
  • as leader, [282];
  • integrity, [488].
• Walker, S. H.,
  • surprise, 1. [160], [463];
  • bold trip to Fort Brown, [464];
  • at Monterey, [501];
  • operations against guerillas, 2. [172], [423];
  • appearance, [177];
  • at Huamantla, killed, [177], [425], [426].
• Wall, William, at Punta Aguda, 1. [562].
• Wallace, Lew, enlistment of company, 1. [195].
• Wallace, W. H. L., at Buena Vista, 1. [561].
• Walpole, Frederick, on California and independence, 1. [321].
• War,
  • simplicity, 1. [x];
  • principles, [405].
• War department, staff, 1. [474].
  • See also [Marcy, W. L.]
• War of 1812, Federalist opposition, 2. [280].
• War spirit.
  • See [Attitude]; [Outbreak]; [Popularity].
• Ward, H. G., British minister at Mexico,
  • and Monroe Doctrine, 1. [112];
  • on Mexican character, [410];
  • and Texas, [419].
• Warehouse bill of 1846, 2. [257], [479];
  • success, [263];
  • opposition, [273].
• Warren, W. B., at Saltillo, 1. [556].
• Warren, in Pacific squadron, 2. [189], [205], [447].
• Washington, J. M.,
  • battery at Buena Vista, 1. [384], [386], [389], [344], [555], [558];
  • field battery, [450];
  • in Wool’s march, [509].
• Washington, Camp, before Vera Cruz, 2. [27].
• Washington and Baltimore battalion,
  • at Monterey, 1. [250], [251], [492], [496];
  • in Quitman’s brigade, [541];
  • garrison at Tampico, [546];
  • at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. [343].
• Washington Globe, on war spirit, 1. [132].
• Washington National Intelligencer. See [National Intelligencer].
• Washington Union,
  • and Polk’s alleged desire for war, 1. [446];
  • on failure of peace negotiations, 2. [138];
  • challenge to Polk’s critics, [284];
  • and victorious war, [292].
• Watson, S. E., brigade in Scott’s army, 2. [78], [366], [432].
• Weatherford, William, at Buena Vista, 1. [555].
• Weber, J. L., on Mexican army, 1. [408].
• Webster, Daniel,
  • Bocanegra correspondence, 1. [68];
  • protests further war on Texas, [69];
  • on Mexican responsibility, [76], 2. [508];
  • and annexation of Texas, 1. [82], [433];
  • on Slidell mission, [98];
  • on claims controversy, [120];
  • and California, [127], [324];
  • on Polk and war, [130];
  • and war bill, [183], [472];
  • and employment of volunteers, [192];
  • and advance to Rio Grande, [458];
  • and peace, 2. [123], [387];
  • opposition to the war, [126];
  • pessimism on peace prospects, [235];
  • and treaty of peace, [247], [472], [473];
  • on cost of the war, [267];
  • ineffective war criticism, [278–80], [494];
  • on control of occupied territory, [285];
  • on tariff, [286];
  • and no-territory plan, [288];
  • Presidential candidacy and success of war, [291];
  • results of opposition, [314];
  • and defensive-line policy, [430];
  • on war and slavery extension, [492];
  • and Corwin’s speech, [494];
  • position in Senate, [496];
  • on tariff for Mexican ports, [500];
  • on American attitude toward Mexico, [508];
  • on volunteers, [513].
• Webster, L. B.,
  • battery in Monterey campaign, 1. [496];
  • at Saltillo, [556], [559].
• Weed, Thurlow, and Taylor’s Presidential candidacy, 1. [179].
• Weightman, R. H.,
  • battery in Kearny’s expedition, 1. [288], [515];
  • in battle of Sacramento, [310], [312].
• Welles, Gideon,
  • on Marcy, 1. [475];
  • on tariff, 2. [273].
• Wellington, Duke of, on Scott’s expedition, 2. [89].
• Wells, J. M., guerilla attack on, 2. [172].
• Wenghieri, Alonzo, arms for Mexican army, 2. [346].
• Wentworth, John, and tax on tea and coffee, 2. [285].
• West Point, value of training, 2. [320].
  • See also [Army].
• Westcott, J. D., Jr., position in Senate, 2. [496].
• Whale fishery, American,
  • and occupation of California, 1. [323], 2. [514];
  • and Mexican War, [205], [446], [447].
• Whig Almanac, on Polk, 2. [276].
• Whig party,
  • and outbreak of the war, inconsistencies, 1. [185], [444], [472], 2. [267–7], [283];
  • encourage enemy, [126], [280–1], [289], [495];
  • and responsibility, [275];
  • jibes at Polk, [275–6];
  • and conduct of Whig generals, [277], [493];
  • effect of Corwin’s speech, [278], [494];
  • character of Webster’s war criticism, [278–80], [494];
  • ghosts of the opposition to War of 1812, [280];
  • position in war-time Congress, [283];
  • character of opposition there, [284–6];
  • and Wilmot Proviso, [286–7], [498];
  • no-territory plan, [287–8], [498];
  • protract war, [288];
  • Clay’s speech and resolutions, [289];
  • control of House programme, [290];
  • effect on, of success of warm, [290–1];
  • about face, [292];
  • results of opposition, [292–3], [501];
  • and treaty of peace, [472];
  • proper attitude, [493];
  • leaders in Senate, [496];
  • See also [Opposition].
• Whistler, William, in Texas, 1. [143].
• White, E. D., and Gaines’ Nacogdoches expedition, 1. [421].
• Wickliffe, C. A., American confidential agent in Texas, reports cited passim.
• Wilcocks, J. S., American consul at Mexico, reports cited passim.
• Wilcox, C. M.,
  • value of his history, 1. [404];
  • on criticism at Monterey, [503].
• Wilhelm, Thomas, on Taylor in Monterey campaign, 1. [496].
• Wilkes, Charles, on California and independence, 1. [321].
• Williams, Thomas, of Scott’s staff, 2. [366].
• Willock, David, with Price, 1. [516], [517].
• Wilmot, David, and Wilmot Proviso, 2. [286], [498];
• Wilmot Proviso,
  • politics, 2. [286–7];
  • objections, [498].
• Wilson, Benito, surrender, 1. [339].
• Wilson, Henry,
  • at Reynosa, 1. [204];
  • brigade in Monterey campaign, [492], [496];
  • governor of Vera Cruz, superseded, 2. [432], [457].
• Wilson, L. D., and Twelfth Infantry, 2. [363].
• Winthrop, R. C., on cause of the war, 1. [189], 2. [277];
  • on Slidell mission, 1. [438];
  • and peace, 2. [123];
  • position in the House, [496].
• Women, Mexican, of upper class, 1. [24], [25].
• Wood, Allen, at Churubusco, 2. [384];
• Wood, W. M., and Sloat, 1. [334].
• Wool, J. E.,
  • as mustering officer, 1. [195];
  • gathering of Chihuahua force at San Antonio, [267–8];
  • character of force, [268–9];
  • character and discipline, appearance, [268], [269], [273], [275], [276], [509];
  • and Harney’s escapade, [269];
  • march to Monclova, [270–3], [509];
  • map of march, [271];
  • halt during Monterey armistice, [273], [509];
  • hardships and criticism of march, [273], [509–10];
  • wagon train, [274];
  • Parras route, [274], [510];
  • at Parras, [275];
  • diversion of expedition to near Saltillo, [275], [358];
  • results of march, [276], [510];
  • force (Dec., 1846), [283], [513];
  • and Doniphan’s expedition, [313], [521];
  • command at Saltillo, carelessness of scouts, [370–1];
  • diminished morale of troops, [371];
  • on volunteers, [371];
  • asks aid from Taylor, [372];
  • in advance to Agua Nueva, [374];
  • and retreat, preparations at Buena Vista, [383–5], [534], [555];
  • in the battle, [393], [396], [558];
  • and retreat of Mexicans, [398];
  • march and Mexican abandonment of Rinconada Pass, [508];
  • succeeds Taylor in command, 2. [166];
  • and suppression of guerilla warfare, [170];
  • levies on Mexicans, [265], [487];
  • and mutiny at Buena Vista, [418];
  • and force after succeeding Taylor, [417], [432];
  • and conduct of Texan volunteers, [450];
  • evacuates, [475];
  • not West Pointer, [513].
• Wooster, C. F., at battle of Sacramento, 1. [520].
• Worth, W. J.,
  • in Texas, 1. [143];
  • rank controversy, [144];
  • on Taylor, [144], [260], [501], [502];
  • and advance to Rio Grande, [147], [152], [454];
  • leaves front, [158];
  • return, at Camargo, [211];
  • in march on Monterey, [228], [229], [492], [496];
  • at battle of Monterey: movement to Saltillo road, [241–4], [497];
  • on Ampudia, [241];
  • appearance and character, [241], [498], 2. [186], [360], [434];
  • capture of Federation Ridge, 1. [244–6], [498];
  • and Independence Hill and Bishop’s Palace, [246–8], [499];
  • Taylor neglects concerted action, [256–7];
  • attack in city, [257–8], [501];
  • and negotiations, [260], [501];
  • as real victor, [261];
  • in command at Saltillo, [264];
  • as commander there, force, [266], [282], [541];
  • Wool’s force joins, [276];
  • and expected attack (Dec.), [357], [541];
  • and gathering of Vera Cruz expedition, [364], [365];
  • and Harney, [365];
  • embarks, [368];
  • on war spirit, [444];
  • and gathering of information, [490];
  • on Taylor’slack of transportation, [491];
  • on camp at Cerralvo, [493];
  • landing at Vera Cruz, 2. [25–6];
  • and the siege, [30];
  • and negotiations, [33];
  • and surrender, [36];
  • at Cerro Gordo, [50], [351], [352];
  • pursuit to Perote, [60–1];
  • advance to Puebla, [65–6], [69];
  • Amozoc affair, [70];
  • conference on Puebla, [70], [361];
  • occupies it, [71];
  • mistakes as ruler, Scott’s rebuke, [71–2], [361];
  • “scarecrows,” [72];
  • division in Scott’s army, [77], [343], [356];
  • in advance to Valley of Mexico, [93–4], [371];
  • at San Agustín, [97], [374];
  • reconnoitres San Antonio, [102–3];
  • captures it, [112], [382];
  • at Churubusco, [114–6], [383], [384];
  • force after the battle, [120];
  • during armistice, [134];
  • study of Molino del Rey, [143];
  • in the battle, [143–7], [402–4];
  • at Chapultepec, [153], [156], [157], [161], [409], [410];
  • misgivings there, [154];
  • advance and capture of San Cosme garita, [161–2], [413–4], [416];
  • in the city, [164], [416];
  • in uprising, [167];
  • cabal against Scott, arrest, [186–8], [434–6];
  • Polk rescues, [188];
  • discipline as governor of Saltillo, [213], [450];
  • on excesses of volunteers, [213];
  • armistice negotiations, [242];
  • and lead in Mexico expedition, [345];
  • in plan of attack by Mexicaltzingo, [372], [373];
  • and Contreras, [381];
  • and failure to advance after Churubusco, [386];
  • not at conference on attack on city, [408];
  • in command of Mexico expedition, [476];
  • on volunteers, [513];
  • not West Pointer, [513].
• Wright, George, at Molino del Rey, wounded, 2. [143], [144].
• Wright, Silas, and Polk, 2. [270].
• Wynkoop, F. M.,
  • at Cerro Gordo, 2. [56], [57], [353];
  • rule at Jalapa, [224];
  • and guerillas, [422];
  • at Huamantla, [425], [426];
  • in Lane’s operations, [426].
• Wyse, F. O., in De Russey’s expedition, 2. [418].
• Yell, Archibald,
  • and Santa Anna’s advance, 1. [383], [554];
  • and Wool, [509];
  • at Buena Vista, [555], [558].
• Yellow fever,
  • and Vera Cruz expedition, 1. [354], 2. [22], [23], [37], [59], [336], [339], [342], [344];
  • and Mexico expedition, [42], [59], [64], [348];
  • in navy, [195];
  • in New Orleans, [431].
• York rite of Masons.
  • See [Masons].
• Yucatan,
  • Santa Anna as commandant, 1. [40];
  • naval operations, [201], [204];
  • attitude during the war, [203–4];
  • annexation question, [472].
• Yulee, D. L., position in Senate, 2. [496].
• Zacatecas,
  • situation, 1. [3];
  • powder-mill, [462];
  • Scott’s intention to occupy, [184], [432].
• Zacatecas state,
  • and Santa Anna, 1. [47], [86], [376], [550];
  • unrest, 2. [234];
  • Americans in, [418];
  • in discussion on peace, [464].
• Zavala, Lorenzo de, and overthrow of Pedraza, 1. [41].
• Zerecero, Colonel, brigade, 2. [369].
• Zubieta, Pedro, on judicial system. 1. [409].

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