[435] Journal des Savans: July, Aug., Sep., Oct., 1858.
[436] Niccolini’s despatch to Cioli, 25th April. (Op. ix. p. 441.)
[437] Niccolini to Cioli, 3rd May. (Op. ix. p. 442.)
[438] Niccolini to Cioli, 26th June. (Op. ix. pp. 444, 445.)
[439] Niccolini to Cioli, 10th July. (Ibid. p. 447.)
[440] Even Wohlwill allows, p. 29, that the opinion that “Catholic answer” means answer under torture is not tenable.
[441] “Il Reo, che solamente condotto al luogo della tortura ò quivi spogliato, ò pur anco legato senza però esser alzato, confessa dicesi haver confessato ne’ tormenti, e nell’ esamina rigorosa.” (“Sacro Arsenale overo Prattica dell’ Officio della Santa Inquisitione.” Bologna, 1865, Mesini’s ed. p. 412.)
[442] Page 25.
[443] “Gradus torturae olim adhiberi soliti fuerunt quinque, qui certo ordine fuerunt inflicte, quos describit Julius Clarus ‘in pract crim.’ § Fin. qu. 64, versic. ‘Nunc de gradibus,’ ubi ita ait, ‘Scias igitur, quod quinque sunt gradus torturae; scilicet Primo, minae de torquendo. Secundo: conductio ad locum tormentorum. Tertio, spoliato et ligatura. Quarto, elevation in eculeo. Quinto, squassatio.” (Philippi a Limborch S.S. Theologiae inter Remonstrantes Professoris, Historia Inquisitionis. Amstelodami apud Henricum, Westenium, 1692, p. 322.)
[444] Prof. P. Grisar also remarks in his critique of Wohlwill’s last work (Zeitschrift für Kath. Theol. ii. Jahrgang, p. 188), that in the language of the old writers on criminal law, the territio verbalis was often included in the expression torture, and appeals to Julius Clarus, Sentent. crimin. lib. 5, § Fin. qu. 84, nr 31; Francof. 1706, p. 318; Sigism. Scaccia, de judiciis, lib. 2. c. 8. nr 276; Francof. 1669, p. 269.