[enlarge]

[INDEX]

Aa, gifts to, [223]
Abba-dugga, [313]
Abi-ishar, seal of, [246]
Abû Habba, site of Sippar, [8] f.;
excavations at, [37], [223];
objects and inscriptions from, [204], [206], [212], [218], [223], [235],
[250], [309] f.
Abû Hatab, site of Kisurra, [9];
excavations at, [28] ff.;
plan of, [29];
inscribed brick from, [284];
contracted burials at, [331]
Abû Khuwâsîj, [31]
Abû Shahrain, site of Eridu, [35];
excavations at, [35] f.; plan of, [36]
Abydos, [323] f., [332];
recent diggings at, [324], [326] f., [332]
Abyssinia, [334]
Abzu-banda, [111], [189] f.
Abzu-ega, [190]
Accounts, tablets of, [169], [177], [284], [293]
Achaemenian kings, [337]
Adab, site of, [9], [97], [163];
excavations at, [30];
in relation to Euphrates, [11];
its commercial relations with Lagash, [238];
destruction of, [31] f.;
see also Bismâya
Adamdun, situation of, [290];
patesis of, [292]
Adda-Pakshu, sukkal of Elam, [306] f.;
tablets from period of, [336]
Addatur, [113]
Adhem, [7], [287]
Aegean, sites, [81];
Asiatic coast of, [347];
sea-rovers of, [347]
Aegean culture, stages of, [1];
its early connection with Egypt, [341];
traces of Babylonian influence in, [322], [345] ff.;
wild comparisons between Aegean and Babylonian art, [344] f.
Aenragin, [171]
'Afej marshes, [85] f.
Agade, older name of Akkad, [14];
site of, [37];
Sargon of, [216] ff.;
see Akkad
Agathias, [312]
Agia Paraskevi, [344]
Aha, mastaba-tomb of, [323]
'Akarkûf, [38]
Akhush, [189] f.
Akkad, city, site of, [37];
early centre of Semitic settlement, [53];
in relation to Kish, [210] f., [214] f., [228], [231] f., [249];
in relation to Elam, [226];
"sons," or citizens, of, [208], [211];
siege of, [240];
Dynasty of, [216] ff, [252] ff., [351] f.;
in relation to the Dynasty of Ur, [253];
kings of Sumer and, [362]
Akkad, land, limits of, [6] f., [12] f.;
name of, [13] ff., [17];
inhabitants of, [40] ff.;
Semitic immigration into, [203];
system of land tenure in, [95];
influence of art of, [66];
early relations with Elam, [214], [244];
cultural connections with Elam, [335] ff.
Akkadian, the Semitic speech of Babylonia, [52] f.
Akkadians, the Semitic inhabitants of Northern Babylonia, [4];
former use of the term, [4]
Akkadû, [14]
Akki, [232]
Akurgal, patesi of Lagash, [117] f.;
sculptured figures of, [112] ff.;
in chronological table, [360]
Al[...], king of Kish, [141];
in chronological table, [360]
Al-Batîha, [8]
Al-Gimil-Sin, "the City of Gimil-Sin," [301]
Aliakhu, [208]
Alla, patesi of Lagash, [296];
in chronological table, [362]
Alla, resident in Lagash, [237]
Alloys, evidence as to use of, [73] f.
Alluvium, limit of Babylonian, [7]
Alu-usharshid, a former reading of the name Urumush or Rimush, [203]
Amageshtin, temple of, [190]
Amal, temple of, [226], [232]
Amananu, governor of Sippar, [316]
Amanus, [261]
Amat-Bati, [171]
Amattar-sirsirra, [184]
Ambar Su, [244]
Amiaud, Arthur, [18], [20], [109]
Ammi-zaduga, [307]
Amorite invasion, disproved in reign of Libit-Ishtar, [284]
Amurru (Martu), a West Semitic god, [344]
Amurru, the Western Semites, [55];
origin of, [55]
Amurru, the Western Land, [261], [300], [321];
Sargon's conquest of, [225], [233] f.;
its king deported, [244];
slaves from, [238];
relation of kings of Isin to, [311], [315] f.;
Babylonian influence in and beyond, [322]
Ana, [194], [196], [198]; see also Anu
Anatolia, [346] f.
Anau, excavations at, [2], [351], [355] f.;
potsherds from, [341], [355] f.;
terra-cotta figurines from, [342], [356];
wheat and barley found in earliest stratum at, [332], [357]
Andrae, W., [11], [22] ff., [28] f.,78, [330]
Anikurra, [112]
Animal cults, Egyptian, [334]
Animal forms, Sumerian treatment of, [80]
Animal motives, on Elamite painted pottery, [341] f.;
on proto-Elamite seal-impressions, [342]
Anita, [112] ff., [116]
Anshan, its conquest by Manishtusu, [224], [231], [244];
its conquest by Gudea, [279], [289];
alliance of Dungi's daughter with the patesi of, [287];
its conquest by Dungi, [288];
officials for, [290];
a patesi of, [292];
captivity of Ibi-Sin in, [304];
its success against Ur, [308];
its defeat by Anu-mutabil, [308]
Antasurra, [146], [189] f.
Antimony, [73] f.
Anu, [48], [104], [275];
see also Ana
Anu-banini, king of Lulubu, [250]
Anu-mutabil, governor of Dêr, [308]
Anunitu, [226], [232], [268]
Anunpad, [113]
Anzanite inscriptions, [206], [212]
Apirak, [241], [243]
Apil-Sin, contracts of reign of, [316]
Arabesque pattern, on Sumerian sealing, [176]
Arabia, [242], [251], [258], [261], [323], [358]
Arabian desert, [6]
Arad-Nannar, patesi of Lagash, [301] f.;
in chronological table, [362]
Archers, in the army of Ur, [286]
Architect, Gudea as, [260] f., [269]
Archive-chambers, at Tello, [293]
Ark, of bulrushes, [232]
Armanu, [242]
Art, comparison of early Sumerian
and Akkadian, [228] f.;
of Kish and Akkad, [230]
Arua, [149] ff.
Asar, Osiris, [325]
Asari, Sumerian god, [325]
Ashnunnak, or Tupliash, [306];
under Manishtusu, [212];
patesis of, [306]
Ashukhu-wood, [261]
Ashur, [287]
Ashur-bani-pal, [12], [204] f.;
tablets from Library of, [4], [59], [217], [299], [303] f.
Asia Minor, [342], [347], [358];
Central, [54], [351] ff.
Askhabad, [351], [355]
Asphalt, [261]; see also Bitumen
Asses, for chariots, [162];
House of the, [259]
Assyria, [7]
Assyrian kings, their policy of deportation, [240]
Assyrians, sculpture of, [68] ff.;
omen-literature of, [206]
Astrological texts, [217]
Asukhur Canal, [109], [149] f.
Axe, Sumerian form of, [137]
Az, [150] f., [290]
Azupirânu, [232]
Bab el-Mandeb, Straits of, [323]
Babbar, [84], [124], [127], [129], [148], [194], [281]
Babishue, [301]
Babylon, [13], [38], [309];
excavations at, [37];
pot-burials and early remains at, [30], [37];
Sargon's buildings at, [226], [236];
Dungi's sack of, [281] ff., [285];
in relation to the Dynasty of Isin, [63] f., [313] ff.;
rise of, [319];
in relation to the Dynasty of the Sea-country, [62] f.;
her struggle with Larsa, [318] f.;
her position in later history, [319] f.
Babylonia, in the Neolithic period, [2];
relics of prehistoric culture in, [342];
her early cultural influence, [321] ff.;
in relation to Egypt, [322] ff., [334] f.;
in relation to Elam, [335] ff.;
in the West, [322], [343] ff.
Babylonian Chronicle, [62]
Babylonian Monarchy, foundation of, [63] f., [313] ff.
Bad-mada, [296]
Badu, king of Lagash, [105];
in chronological table, [360]
Baga, [189] f.
Baghdad, [38] f., [218]
Bahr Nejef, [10]
Banar, [114]
Banks, E. J., [97]
Barakhsu, [205], [308]
Baraz-sîrim, Field of, [206]
Barges, for grain, [262]
Barkiba, [160]
Barley, [357];
in earliest stratum at Anau, [332]
Barnamtarra, wife of Lugal-anda, [170] f., [173]
Barsagannudu, [113] f.
Barshib, [261]
Basalla, [261]
Basar, [225]
Basha-mama, patesi of Lagash, [254];
in chronological table, [361]
Basha-Shushinak, patesi of Susa, [214], [289];
period of, [305];
proto-Elamite inscriptions of, [338]
Basime, [209]
Bas-reliefs, Sumerian, [66] ff., [110] ff., [129] ff.;
early Semitic, [220] f., [228] f., [242] f., [247] ff.;
Assyrian, [68] ff., [82]
Battle-axe, Sumerian use of the, [286];
of Narâm-Sin, [243]
Battle-mace, [131], [156]
Battle-scenes, [135] ff., [220], [230], [247] ff.
Bau, [108], [181], [185] f., [271], [275], [296];
temples of, [259], [264], [267], [269], [273], [298];
bowls dedicated to, [107] ff.;
representation of, [135]
Bau-ninam, official of Ur-Ningirsu, [275] f.
Bavian, [63]
Baz, Field of, [206]
Bazuzu, father of Utug, [103]
Bead-making, Egyptian art of, [328]
Bedouin custom, [40]
Bêl, name of, [52];
the god Marduk, [282]
Belaku, patesi of Ashnunnak, [306]
Beleous, [312]
Beletaras, [312]
Beli-arik, patesi of Susa, [291], [305]
Berber dialects, [323]
Berossus, [53], [59];
Dynasties of, [63]
Berthelot, M. P. E., [73]
Bezold, Prof. C., [344]
Bi-Gani-sharri, [246]
Bilâdhuri, [8]
Bilingual compositions, [4]
Bin-Gani-sharri, son of Narâm-Sin, [246]
Bint el-Mderre, [31]
Birs, site of Borsippa, [10]
Bismâya, site of Adab, [9];
excavations at, [30], [97];
character of buildings uncovered at, [89]
Bitumen, [76], [212], [262]
"Black-headed ones," [40]
Blau monuments, [65]
Boat-inspectors, [181]
Boats, for transport, [235], [261]
Body-paint, [27], [330]
Boeotia, Neolithic potsherds from, [341]
Boissier, A., [205], [304], [309]
Borsippa, [10], [13]; excavations at, [37]
Bosanquet, Prof. R. C., [346]
Boundary-ditch, between Lagash and Umma, [126];
of Ur-Engur, [282];
see also Frontier
Boundary-stones, [143]
Bow, introduced by the Semites, [247] f., [286];
of Narâm-Sin, [243];
adopted by Dungi, [287]
Breasted, Prof. J. H., [334]
Breccia, [270] f.
Bricks, of Sumer, [13];
character of Babylonian, [91];
plano-convex, [26], [35], [91], [94], [332];
change in size of, [263] f.;
manufacture of, [267];
stamped with figure of Imgig, [98];
origin of the Egyptian brick, [323], [332]
Brick-stamps, [75], [219]
Bronze, evidence with regard to, [72] ff.;
later Elamite work in, [337]
Budge, Dr. E. A. Wallis, [37], [160], [329]
Bull-monsters, proto-Elamite, [242]
Bulls, as offerings, [129], [140];
copper figures of, [256];
human-headed, [77], [330]
Bûr-Sin I., king of Ur, reign of, [296] ff.;
expeditions of, [299];
buildings of, [298];
in relation to Enlil, [297];
statue of, [298];
his deification and cult, [298];
his survival as a deity in the Moon-god's suite, [299], [344];
in chronological table, [362]
Bûr-Sin II., king of Isin, [312];
in chronological table, [362]
Burial, of the dead, [21];
different forms of, [26] f., [30];
after battle, [138] f., [149], [331];
Egyptian and Babylonian fashions of, [325] f., [331] f.;
earliest Susian form of, [331] f.
Burial fees, [181] f.
Burial-mounds, after battle, [125], [162] 331
Burrows, Prof. R. M., [345]
Buwârîya, [33]
Canals, [3], [107], [153] ff., [185]
Canopic branch, of the Nile, [324]
Cappadocia, [339];
prehistoric pottery from, [341]
Caravan-routes, from the Iranian plateau, [335]
Carnegie Institution, of Washington, [351] f.
Caspian, [353], [355], [358]
Casting, in metal, [72] ff.
Cattle, transport of, [235], [237]
Cedar, remains of pillars of, [93];
from Mt. Amanus, [261]
Cedar-groves, sacred, [267]
Cemeteries, in Upper Egypt, [326]
Central Arabia, [358]
Central Asia, [54], [351] ff.
Cesnola, General di, [343]
Chamberlain, royal, [115]
Chariots, of war, [162];
representation of a, [134]
Chialy Effendi, [245]
China, [353]
Chinese, [54]
Chinese Turkestan, [351], [354]
Chronicle, the Babylonian, [62];
of Sargon and Narâm-Sin, [220], [225], [233] ff., [240] f.;
concerning early Babylonian kings, [282], [312];
Dynastic, from Nippur, [59], [63], [279] f., [303], [308] f., [311] f., [315]
Chronicles, Hebrew Books of, [240]
Chronological table, of kings and rulers of Sumer and Akkad, [360] ff.
Chronology, classes of data for determining, [57] ff.;
Babylonian, [62] ff.;
of the later Sumerian period, [315]
Chicago, Exploration Fund of the University of, [30]
Chieftains, meeting of,

[45] f.
Chipiez, Charles, [66]
Cilician Gates, [347]
Citadel Tell, at Susa, [339]
Cities, in Babylonia, [16] ff.;
origin of, [84] f.;
communication between, [237]
City-gods, origin and development of, [84] f.;
description of a, [268];
position of, [101] f.;
in relation to the patesi, [181];
disputes between, [101], [121] f.
City-states, development of, [84] f., [321];
wars of the, [120] ff.;
weakening and decay of the, [239] f., [252]
Clay, Prof. A. T., [9], [52], [228]
Clay tablet, borrowed by Elam, [338] f.;
introduced into Cappadocia, [339];
reached Crete, [345]
Climatic changes, a cause of racial migrations, [354], [357] f.
Clothing, Sumerian and Semitic, [41] f.
Code, of Hammurabi, [184];
Sumerian origin of, [184], [348];
of Gudea, [272];
see also Laws
Codes, legal, [347]
Colour-dishes, for face or body-paint, [27], [330]
Commercial intercourse, in Babylonia, [237] f.;
with foreign countries, [238], [321] f.
Conch-shells, cylinders and plaques from, [78]
Cones, votive, [258];
of copper, [256];
coloured, [34];
historical, [164] f., [178] ff.
Confiscation, Sumerian laws against, [182]
Constantinople, [218]
Contract tablets, [64]
Contracted burial, Sumerian practice of, [331]
Convoys, early service of, [237], [244]
Copper, Babylonian evidence with regard to, [72] ff.;
objects from Fâra, [3], [26] f.;
from Kimash, [261];
lance of, [229];
known to predynastic Egyptians, [326];
its displacement of flint in Egypt, [327];
effect of Egyptian skill in working, [327]
Copper-mines, in Elam, [261]
Corn, tribute of, [164];
fees of, [181] f.;
see also Grain
Corvée, [182]
Couriers, [291]
Court, expenses of the, [169]
Crenelated buildings, Egyptian and Sumerian, [332]
Crenelation, in walls of early Egyptian buildings, [323]
Crete, traces of Babylonian culture in, [345] f.;
parallels between cultures of Elam and, [341]
Cros, Commandant Gaston, [17], [172], [189], [269]
Cruciform monument, from Sippar, [223]
Cult-centres, [84], [321]
Cult-images, [50], [358]
Cults, survival of Sumerian, [347]
Cuneiform writing, invention of, [65], [348];
the Sumerian form the parent of other systems, [348]
Cupbearers, [112] f., [236]
Cuq, Prof. Edouard, [184]
Curium, [343]
Cutha, [8] f., [13], [37] f., [283], [293];
centre of Nergal's cult, [38]
Cylinders, of Gudea, [266] f.
Cylinder-seal, early migrations of the, [333] f.;
introduced into Babylonia by Sumerians, [333];
possible Egyptian evolution of the, [333] f.;
earliest form of, [334]
Cylinder-seals, engraving of, [78];
composite monsters on, [77];
official use of, [236] f.;
Sumerian, [3], [27], [48], [174] ff., [284];
early Semitic or Akkadian, [176], [229], [344];
Egyptian, [322], [334] f.;
Cypriote, [343] f.;
Cyro-Cappadocian and Hittite, [344];
Cretan, [346]
Cyprus, prehistoric pottery of, [341];
its alleged conquest by Sargon of Agade, [234], [343];
inadequate evidence for the theory, [343] f.;
extent of Babylonian influence in, [234], [343] ff.
Dada, patesi of Shuruppak, [283]
Dada, magician, [237]
Dagan, [284]
Daggers, Sumerian, [79];
engraved panels from handles of, [81] f.
Damgalnunna, temple of, [294]
Damik-ilishu, king of Isin, [309], [316] ff., [319];
in chronological table, [362]
Date-formulæ, [225], [257] f., [285], [295]
Date-lists, [58]
Dates, trade in, [237]
Dâti-Enlil, father of Shar-Gani-sharri, [227], [232]
Dating, methods of, [57] f., [168], [170], [219], [318]
De Clercq Collection, [158], [218], [308]
De la Fuÿe, Col. Allotte, [168] ff., [170], [173] ff.
De Lancy, Barré, [218]
De Morgan, J., [39], [66], [206], [212], [324], [330], [332], [335], [337],
[339] ff., [356]
De Sarzec, E., [17] ff., [77] f., [90], [92] f., [96], [130], [169], [258],
[261], [266], [270], [332]
Dead, treatment of the, [21], [26] f., [125], [138] ff., [149], [162], [331];
Egyptian worship of the, [334]
Decadence, in Sumerian art, [82]
Deification, of early Babylonian kings, [203], [222], [251], [273] f.,
[288], [298] f., [310];
effect of, [300] ff.;
origin of, [273] f., [335]
Deir, [37]
Deke, [31]
Delitzsch, Prof. Friedrich, [5], [12], [317]
Delta, Egyptian, [2], [324], [334]
Demonology, [76]
Deportation, policy of, [239] f.
Dêr, [226], [285], [308]
Dhorme, Père Paul, [228]
Diarbekr, [244] f.
Dilbat, [319]
Dilmun, [235], [262], [291]
Diorite, [71];
from Magan, [242], [258], [262], [269] f.
Disk, from Phaestos, [346]
Divination, by oil, [183]
Diviners, professional, [183]
Divorce, fees for, [183] f.;
abuse of, [184]
Dîwânîya, [85]
Diyala, [287]
Door-sockets, [219]
Dorians, [50]
Doves, as offerings, [128] f.
Dragons, in Sumerian art, [77]
Drainage, systems of, [345]
Dreams, of Eannatum, [124]; of Gudea, [266]
Dress, [41] ff., [111] f.
Drill, in engraving, [78], [344]
Droop, J. P., [341]
Dubâ'i, [31]
Dudu, official at Ur-Ninâ's court, [113]
Dudu, chief priest of Ningirsu under Entemena, [166] ff.;
perforated block of, [100], [110], [166]
Duerst, Dr. J. Ulrich, [356]
Dugru, of Ningirsu, [190]
Dumuzi-abzu, [190]
Dun-..., patron deity of Ur-Ninâ's dynasty, [109], [177]
Dungi, king of Ur, policy of, [282];
empire of, [253], [285] f.;
his adoption of the bow, [286] f.;
Elamite campaigns of, [287];
provincial administration of, [288] ff.;
buildings of, [293] f.;
copper cone of, [256];
deification of, [274], [288];
cult of, [274], [298] f.;
in chronological table, [362]
Dungi-Babbar, [295]
Dunpae, [299]
Dunshagga, [109], [181], [267];
temples to, [185], [264]
Dûr-ilu, former reading of the name of Der, [226]
Dûr-Sharrukîn, [217]
Dûr-Sin, [206]
Dynastic Chronicle, from Nippur, [59], [63], [279] f., [303],
[308] f., [311] f., [315]
Dynastic Egyptians, [323]
Dynastic lists, [59]
Dynasties, Babylonian, [62] f.
E-abzu, king of Umma, [97]
E-anna, in Erech, [12], [33], [196], [280], [293];
in Lagash, [121], [161], [190], [264], [269], [273]
E-babbar, in Sippar, [218], [268];
in Larsa, [186];
in Lagash, [186], [189]
E-ditar-kalama, [319]
E-engur, [190]
E-khalbi, [294]
E-kharsag, [294]
E-kur, [32], [86], [88],193, [198], [201], [235], [281], [297]
E-meslam, [293]
E-meteursagga, [39]
E-ninnû, [77], [107] f., [160], [168], [185], [261], [265] ff., [269],
[272], [274], [276], [296];
earliest mention of, [95];
remains of, [19], [259]
E-pa, [108], [264]
E-patutila, [319]
E-sagila, [282]
E-salgilsa, [296]
E-silsirsir, [273]
E-ulmash, [217]
Ea, [246], [289]; see Enki
Ea-[...], king of Isin, [313];
in chronological table, [362]
Ea-bani, figures identified with, [77], [174] f.
Eagle, as emblem, [133];
lion-headed, [81] f.
Eannatum, patesi of Lagash, [42] f., [68], [104], [192], [229] f.;
reign of, [120] ff.;
conquests of, [144] ff.;
character of, [152], [155] f.;
titles of, [152];
buildings and canals of, [152] ff.;
well of, [93], [155];
representations of, [136] ff., [140] f.;
in chronological table, [360]
Ebarti, Elamite dynasty of, [306], [308]
Eclipse, [62]
Edfu, [324];
legend of, [324]
Egypt, Palaeolithic and Neolithic remains in, [2];
recent excavations on early sites in, [324] ff.;
early cultural connections with Babylonia, [78], [322] ff., [332] f.,
[328], [334] f., [346];
suggested relations with Elam, [340] f., [345];
early influence in Syria, [334] f., [346];
connection with Hittite culture, [346];
with the Aegean, [341];
hypothetical Semitic invasion of Upper, [323] ff., [328];
granaries of, [92]
Egyptian culture, [326] ff.;
legends, [323] f.;
language, [323];
religion, Semitic element in, [334];
writing, origin of, [329] f.
Egyptians, Neolithic and predynastic, [1], [323], [332];
early dynastic, [323], [332]
Ekikala, [189]
El-Hibba, excavations at, [20] f.;
inscriptions from, [157] ff.
El-Katr, [8]
El-Ohêmir, site of Kish, [8] f., [38] f.
Elam, prehistoric peoples of, [342];
prehistoric pottery of, [340] ff.;
early cultural relations with Babylonia, [321], [335] ff.;
suggested cultural parallels with Egypt, [340] f., [345];
with Crete, [341];
frontier of, [6] f.;
defeated by Eannatum, [145], [148] ff., [160];
defeated by Lu-enna, [172];
relations of Manishtusu with, [212] ff., [231];
conquered by Urumush, [205], [231];
relations of Sargon and Narâm-Sin with, [225] f., [231] f., [243] f.;
commercial intercourse with, [238], [289];
early Semitic immigration into, [250], [289], [336];
Gudea's campaign in, [258];
Dungi's conquest and administration of, [287] ff., [292];
under the later kings of Ur, [299] f., [304];
defeated by Anu-mutabil, [308];
Elamite invasions, [304] f., [308], [311];
copper mines in, [261];
craftsmen from, [261] f.;
patesis of, [231], [243], [305];
governors of, [306];
sukkals of, [306];
sculpture and metal-work of, [337]
Elamite titles, [306] ff.
Elamites, [54]
Embalming, of the dead, [332]
Emblems, sacred, [267];
of Ningirsu, [98];
of a goddess, [133];
of Lagash, [98], [100], [131], [134], [167];
of a city, [150];
Elamite origin of certain Babylonian, [342]
Enakalli, patesi of Umma, [126];
successor of, [158] f.;
in chronological table, [360]
Enannatum I., patesi of Lagash, [157] ff.;
titles of, [160];
in chronological table, [360]
Enannatum II., patesi of Lagash, [168] ff.;
raid of Elamites in reign of, [172];
in chronological table, [360]
Enannatum, chief priest of the Moon-god at Ur, [310] f.
Enbi-Ishtar, king of Kish, [202] f.;
racial character of, [53]; in chronological table, [360]
Enbu-ilum, [203]
Enetarzi, patesi of Lagash, [169] ff.;
letter to, [172];
in chronological table, [360]
Engilsa, patesi of Lagash, [176], [209] f.;
in chronological table, [360]
Engraving, of stone, shell, etc., [78] ff., [347];
of metal, [78], [167], [229]
Eniggal, royal steward, [170]; sealings of, [173]
Enkhegal, king of Lagash, [106];
in chronological table, [360]
Enki, [48], [84] f., [107], [128] f., [148], [167], [194], [246], [275], [301];
his temple in Eridu, [35] f., [108], [293], [298];
his temple in Girsu, [259]
Enkigal, [158]
Enkomi, [344]
Enlil, [85], [101], [103] f., [128], [165] f., [193] f., [196], [198] f., [201],
[289], [294], [297];
his temple at Nippur, [87] f., [219], [244], [281];
his temple in Lagash, [185], [189];
frontier shrine to, [127];
canal dedicated to, [107];
name of, [52]
Enlil-bani, king of Isin, [312];
in chronological table, [362]
Enlitarzi, patesi of Lagash, [168] ff.;
in chronological table, [360]
Enlulim, [268]
Enshagkushanna, lord of Sumer, [201];

in chronological table, [360]
Ensignun, [259], [268]
Entemena, patesi of Lagash, [52], [90], [125];
reign of, [161] ff.;
silver vase of, [78], [167] f.;
cone of, [100] ff., [117], [122], [126] f., [143], [154], [157] ff, [164] f.;
in chronological table, [360]
Enzu, [84], [128] f., [148], [194]
Eponym Lists, [62]
Erech, [9] f., [12] f., [84], [104], [147], [152], [163], [186], [194] f., [198] ff,
[214], [238], [240], [279] f., [293], [298], [304], [310] f., [313], [317] f.;
excavations at, [32] ff.;
see also Warka
Eridu, [6], [13],84 f., [148],152, [167], [197], [282], [293], [298], [310] f.;
excavations at, [35] f.;
see also Abû Shahrain Erinda, [246]
Erythraean Sea, [53]
Esar, king of Adab, [97] f.
Estates, purchase of, [206] ff.
Euphrates, names of, [9];
changes in course of, [7] ff.;
contrasted with Tigris, [11] f.;
period of high water in, [11] f.;
at Nippur, [88] f.
Evans, Dr. Arthur, [345] f.
Excavations, in Sumer and Akkad, [16] ff.;
in Egypt, [324] ff.;
in Persia, [335], [339] f.;
in Turkestan, [351] f., [355] f.
Eyes, of statues, [76], [212] f.
Face-paint, [330]
Falûja, [10], [38]
Fâra, site of Shuruppak, [9], [28], [84];
excavations at, [24] ff.;
plan of, [25];
discoveries at, [3], [65], [89], [331], [345];
objects from, [73], [78], [283], [330]
Fees, priestly, [181] f.;
of diviners, [183];
of the grand vizir and patesi, [183];
for divorce, [183]
Fetish emblems, [329]
Figurines, of terra-cotta, [342], [356];
in precious metals, [337]
Fire-necropoles, so-called, [21]
Fish, as offerings, [129]
Fisher, C. S., [8], [86] ff.
Fishery inspectors, [181]
Fish-men, [53]
Fish-ponds, [182];
sacred, [268]
Flint-knapping, [327]
Flints, Egyptian, [2], [326] f.
Flute-player, to Ningirsu, [268]
Forced labour, [164], [182];
see also Slaves
Fossey, Prof. Charles, [6], [17]
Foucart, G., [329]
Foundation-figures, [72] ff.
Foundation-offerings, [337]
Fresnel, F., [218]
Frontier-ditches, [126] ff., [153] f., [159], [162], [164] f.
Frontier-shrines, [127] f., [159]
Funeral rites, [140] f.
Galalim, [185], [264], [267]
Galu-andul, patesi of Lagash, [296];
in chronological table, [362]
Galu-Babbar, patesi of Umma, [23], [258];
in chronological table, [361]
Galu-Bau, patesi of Lagash, [255], [257];
in chronological table, [361]
Galu-Gula, patesi of Lagash, [255], [257];
in chronological table, [361]
Galu-kazal, patesi of Lagash, [296];
in chronological table, [362]
Gankhar, [287], [301] f., [308]
Garments, Sumerian and Semitic, [41] ff, [111] f.;
as fees, [181];
trade in, [237]
Garstang, Prof. J., [341]
Gatumdug, [108], [152], [168], [190], [264], [266], [269], [271]
Gautier, J.-E., [220], [336], [340], [356]
Geikie, Sir Archibald, [353]
Geikie, Prof. James, [353]
Genouillac, H. de, [112], [116], [162], [169] ff., [173], [176], [179], [184],
[190], [193], [273]
Geometric designs, on pottery, [341]
Geshtin-anna, [259]
Ghiaur Kala, [354]
Gifts, accompanying the sale of land, [95], [207]
Gigunû, [274]
Gikana, of Ninmakh, [189]
Gilding, of carved stone objects, [270]
Gilgamesh, figures identified with, [75] ff., [174] f.;
epic of, [9]
Gimdunpae, wife of Gudea, [272]
Gimil-ilishu, king of Isin, [309] f.;
in chronological table, [362]
Gimil-Sin, king of Ur, [284];
reign of, [297] ff.;
cult of, [298], [301];
in chronological table, [362]
Ginarbaniru, [190]
Girnun, [268]
Girsu, a division of Lagash, [108], [152], [163], [190], [193];
temples in, [259], [264], [296], [301];
House of, [91], [108];
wall of, [186];
canal of, [185]
Gisha, [290]
Gishkhu, Gishukh, former readings of the name of Umma, [21]
Gladstone, Dr. J. H., [73]
Gods, racial character of Sumerian, [47] ff.;
earliest Babylonian, [84] f.;
Sumerian and Egyptian, [325];
symbols for Egyptian, [329]
Gold, despatch of, [237]
Gold-dust, [261]
Grain, as tribute, [127];
fees of, [182];
trade in, [237];
value of land reckoned in, [207]
Grain-barges, [235], [262]
Granary-inspectors, [181]
Grand vizir, seal of, [236]
Graves, at Fâra, [26] f.;
at Surgliul and El-Hibba, [21] f.;
at Abû Hatab, [30];
at Mukayyar, [30], [35];
at Warka, [34];
at Babylon, [30], [37];
at Susa, [331] f.;
at Mussian, [2];
in Egypt, [2], [326];
see also Burial
Greece, [341], [345], [347]
Greek civilization, [1]
Greek cross, [342]
Greeks, [346]
Grove, sacred, [189]
Gu-edin, sacred land of Ningirsu, [117], [121] f., [126], [162];
its freedom from taxation, [271];
divisions of, [127];
Stele of, [154]
Gubi, [262]
Gubin, [261]
Gudea, patesi of Lagash, [42] f., [47], [54], [242], [255], [279], [300], [348];
reign of, [259] ff.;
date of, [61], [64], [256], [276];
buildings of, [18] f., [90] f., [264] ff., [332];
monuments of, [47] f., [259] f., [270];
statutes of, [70] f., [260] ff., [269];
seal of, [48], [270];
cylinders of, [260], [266] f.;
sculpture of the period of, [66], [253], [333];
character of, [271] f.;
deification of, [272] ff.;
cult of, [274], [299];
in chronological table, [361]
Gula, [113] f.
Gungunu, king of Ur, [311];
in chronological table, [362]
Gunidu, father of Ur-Ninâ, [106]
Gursar, grandfather of Ur-Ninâ, [106]
Gutebu, [301]
Gutiu, [55], [238];
slaves from, [238]
Hadadnadinakhe, palace of, [18]
Haematite, for face-paint, [330]
Hagios Onuphrios, [346]
Hair, treatment of the, [40] ff., [72], [97], [112]
Halbherr, Prof., [346]
Halévy, J., [4] ff., [52]
Hall, H. R., [12], [266], [324], [334], [341], [343], [345]
Hammâm, [9], [23]
Hammurabi, [9], [43], [162], [184], [307], [317] f., [345], [348]
Harp, Sumerian form of, [69]
Harpoon, Egyptian kingdom of the, [324]
Harran, [197]
Head-dresses, forms of divine, [51], [133]
Hearst Expedition, [328]
Hebrews, [132]
Helm, Otto, [73]
Helmets, Sumerian, [137] f.;
of Narâm-Sin, [243]
Hepatoscopy, Sumerian origin of, [348]
Herodotus, [40], [332]
Hêtime, [30] f.
Heuzey, Léon, [18], [48], [66], [68], [70], [72] f., [77], [92], [95] ff.,
[99] f., [107], [111], [151], [166], [219], [229], [241], [244], [247], [255],
[263], [265], [269] f., [293], [296], [344]
Hieroglyphs, Egyptian, [325];
Hittite, [339];
Minoan, [345];
on Phaestos disk, [346]
Hilla, [38]
Hilprecht, Prof. H. V., [9], [17], [49], [59] f., [64], [73] f., [86],
[98], [102] f., [163], [165], [168], [170], [193], [197], [205], [219], [226],
[244], [279], [311] ff., [319]
Hît, [7]
Hittite culture, [347];
cylinder-seals, [344];
script, [339];
power, [347]
Hogarth, D. G., [346] f.
Hommel, Prof. Fritz, [9], [14], [313]
Honey, for embalming, [332]
Horse, introduction of the, [162]
Horus, [324] f.
Hoschander, J., [206]
Hrozný, F., [14], [21], [206], [211], [317]
Huber, E., [284]
Hulvan, [250]
Human-headed bulls, [77], [330]
Hunger, J., [183]
Huntington, Ellsworth, [352], [354]
Huntsman, in suite of Semitic prince, [246]
Hyksos, [334]
Iamutbal, [317]
Ibalpel, patesi of Ashnunnak, [306]
Ibalum, [209]
Ibi-Sin, king of Ur, [297], [299] f., [304], [308];
in chronological table, [362]
Ibla, [261]
Ibn Rusta, [8]
Ibn Serapion, [8]
Ibni-sharru, seal of, [217], [251]
Idin-Dagan, king of Isin, [310];
in chronological table, [362]
Idin-ilu, patesi of Kisurra, [284]
Ikhi, [301]
Ili, patesi of Umma, [163] f.;
in chronological table, [360]
Ili-Urumush, [203] f.
Ilishma, [231], [243] f.
Ilsu-rabi, patesi of Basime, [209]
Ilu-bani, [344]
Iluma-ilu, [32]
Imagery, in Sumerian art, [77]
Imgig, the lion-headed eagle of Ningirsu, [98]
Impae, [185]
Imprecations, [143]
Indian Ocean, [78]
Indo-Europeans, [54]
Inlaying, [74] ff.
Inspectors, Sumerian, [179] ff.
Invocations, [128] f., [148]
Iran, [341], [357] f.
Iranian plateau, [335], [358]
Iron, [50]
Irrigation, in Babylonia and Egypt, [323];
methods of, [154] f.;
oxen for, [271]
Ishbi-Ura, king of Isin, [303], [308] ff.;
in chronological table, [362]
Ishkun-Sin, [281]
Ishme-Dagan, king of Isin, [310] f.;
in chronological table, [362]
Ishnunuk, Anzanite form of the name Ashnunnak, [212]
Ishtar, [33], [226] f., [250], [259], [289]
Isin, in Sumer, [13];
the Dynasty of, [63] f., [309] ff.;
racial character of the kings of, [283] f., [303];
relation of its dynasty to that of Babylon, [313] ff.
Isis, [324]
Itaddu I., patesi of Susa, [305]
Itaddu II,, patesi of Susa, [305]
Iter-kasha, king of Isin, [312];
in chronological table, [362]
Itûr-Shamash, [284]
Ivory, [78], [332]
Izinum, seal of, [246]
Jastrow, Prof. Morris, [205]
Jensen, Prof. P., [39], [54] f., [109], [211]
Jéquier, G., [339]
Jewellery, Elamite, [337]
Jidr, [31]
Jôkha, site of Umma, [9], [21] f.;
plan of, [22];
cones from, [23];
tablets from, [295]
Ka-azag, patesi of Lagash, [255], [257];
in chronological table, [361]
Ka-azag, father of Ninkagina, [255]
Kadi, [101]; temple of, [285]
Kagalad, [261]
Kal-Rukhuratir, patesi of Susa, [305]
Kal-Uli, ancestor of Kuk-Nashur, [306]
Kalki, seal of, [246]
Kanizi, early official of Shuruppak, [95]
Kara-Uyuk, pottery from, [341];
tablets from, [346]
Kardaka, [301]
Karkar, [164]
Kashtubila, of Kazallu, [227]
Kassite Dynasty, of Babylon, [62] f.;
period, [38], [89], [339], [342]
Kassites, [162]
Kazallu, [227], [286], [319]
Kengi, [14]
Ker Porter, Sir R., [39]
Kerkha, [335]
Kermanshah, [340]
Kesh, [13], [128], [152]
Khâbûr, [347]
Khakhu, [261]
Khala-Lama, daughter of Galu-khazal, [296]
Khaladda, patesi of Shuruppak, [28],

[283]
Khamasi, [301]
Khamazi, [103]
Kharakene, kingdom of, [18]
Kharshi, Kharishi, [287] f., [290]
Khashkhamer, patesi of Ishkun-Sin, [281], [284]
Khegir, [185]
Khenda, [190]
Khotan, [351] ff.
Khukhnuri, Khukhunuri, [290], [299]
Khuluppu-trees, [261]
Khummatur, possible reading of the name Lummadur, [161]
Khumurti, [287] f.
Khunnini, patesi of Kimash, [291]
Khurshitu, site of, [287]
Khutran-tepti, Elamite dynasty of, [305] f.
Ki-babbar, [147]
Ki-uri, [14]
Ki-urra, [14]
Kiab, [190]
Kianki, [195] f.
Kids, fees of, [181] f.
Kilulla, seal of, [284]
Kimash, [261], [288], [290] f.
King, early signification of the title, [106]
Kingi, [14]
Kings, deification of, [203], [222], [251], [273] f., [288], [298] f.,
[300] ff., [310], [335];
Babylonian list of, [61] f.
Kinunir, [190]
Kirman, [357]
Kisâri, king of Gankhar, [308]
Kish, site of, [8] f.,. [38] f.;
earliest kings of, [53], [99] ff, [202] f.;
Sumerian victories over, [144] ff., [152], [201] f.;
later kingdom of, [53], [65], [198], [203] ff., [210] f., [214] f., [226],
[228], [230] ff., [249], [252];
deification of kings of, [251];
purchase of land at, [206];
commercial relations with Lagash, [238];
under Sumu-abu, [319]
Kisurra, site of, [9] f.;
excavations at, [28] ff.;
destruction of, [31] f.;
brick from, [284];
see also Abû Hatab
Knives, panels from handles of, [81]
Knossos, [345] f.
Koldewey, Dr. Robert, [20] f., [24], [37], [157], [160]
Komorof, Gen., [355]
Kopet Dagh, [354] f., [357]
Koptos, [324]
Kubâdh I., [8]
Kudur-Nankhundi, king of Elam, [304] ff.
Kudurru-inscriptions, [143]
Kûfa, [8], [10]
Kugler, F. X., [297]
Kuk-Kirmesh, sukkal of Elam, [306] f.
Kuk-Nashur, or Kukka-Nasher, sukkal of Elam, [306] f.
Kur-shesh, patesi of Umma, [209];
in chronological table, [360]
Kurdistan, [86], [251]
Kurgans, at Anau, [2], [355] f.
Kurna, [8]
Kût el-'Amâra, [8]
Kutir-Nakhkhunte, [306] f.
Kutû, [232], [244]
Kuyunjik, [217];
painted pottery from, [343];
Neolithic settlement at, [343]
Lagash, [11], [13];
name and site of, [17];
excavations at, [17] ff.;
destruction of, [20], [31] f.;
early history of, [84], [98] ff.;
under Eannatum and his successors, [120] ff.;
sack of, [186] ff.;
under Erech and Ur, [197], [200];
under Semitic domination, [205], [244], [247] ff.;
later rulers of, [252] ff.;
in the kingdom of Sumer and Akkad, [277];
under the Dynasty of Ur, [290] f., [296], [298] f.;
emblem of, [78], [98], [100], [131], [160], [167], [174] f.;
see also Tello
Lagrange, Père M. J., [341]
Lament on the fall of Lagash, [188] ff., [193]
Lampre, G., [340], [356]
Lance, votive, [229]
Lance-bearers, Sumerian, [137]
Land, system of tenure, [95];
purchase of, [206] ff.
Langdon, S., [51], [54], [57], [159]
Lankuku, [306]
Lapis-lazuli, [74] f., [104], [158], [266], [270], [357]
Larsa, site of, [9] f.;
excavations at, [34];
as cult-centre, [84] f.;
history of, [147], [152], [195] f., [281], [310] f., [313], [317] f.;
see also Senkera Lasirab, king of Gutiu, [250]
Laws, Sumerian, [184];
of Urukagina, [182] ff.;
of Hammurabi, [184];
of Ninâ and Ningirsu, [272];
of the Sun-god, [282];
see also Code
Le Strange, G., [8]
Lebanon, [225], [334]
Legends, Sumerian, [175];
Semitic, [77];
Egyptian, [323] f.;
of Sargon, [217], [226], [232]
Legge, F., [329] f.
Lehmann-Haupt, Prof. C. F., [61], [63]
Letters, royal, [238];
earliest example of a, [172]
Libations, [48] f., [68], [140], [198]
Libation-vase, [76] f.
Libation-water, [68]
Libit-Ishtar, king of Isin, [284], [310] f.;
in chronological table, [362]
Libit-Ishtar, governor of Sippar, [315] f.
Libyan settlers, in Egypt, [334]
Lidda, child of Ur-Ninâ, [112];
sex of, [115] ff.
Likhatcheff, M., [173]
Limestone, inlaying with, [212]
Line-characters, [329]
Lion, in decoration, [70], [79] f., [99] f., [229], [270] f.
Lion-headed eagle, of Ningirsu, [98] f.
Lipum, patesi of Anshan, [292]
Lipush-Iau, [246]
Literature, influence of Sumerian, [347]
Liver-omens, [235]
Loan-words, [52]
Loaves, fees of, [181] f.;
as offerins, [198]
Lóczy, Prof. de, [353]
Loess, [353] f.
Loftus, W. K., [5], [9], [17], [28], [32] ff., [73]
Loin-cloth, Semitic, [42]
Lower Egypt, [325], [334]
Lower Sea, the Persian Gulf, [194], [197], [262]
Lower World, [274]; see also Underworld
Lu-enna, priest of Ninmar, letter from, [172]
Lugunutur, wife of Enlitarzi, [170]
Lugal-anda, patesi of Lagash, [169] ff., [273];
sealings of, [173] ff.;
full name of, [169];
in chronological table, [360]
Lugal-andanushuga; see Lugal-anda
Lugal-bur, patesi of Lagash, [254] f.;
in chronological table, [361]
Lugal-ezen, [112] f., [115]
Lugal-ezendug, patesi of Nippur, [294]
Lugal-kigub-nidudu, king of Erech and Ur, [199] ff.;
in chronological table, [360]
Lugal-kisalsi, king of Erech and Ur, [199] f., [268];
in chronological table, [360]
Lugal-kurdub, [267]
Lugal-magurri, patesi of Ur and commander of the fortress, [299], [301]
Lugal-me, [272]
Lugal-shag-engur, patesi of Lagash, [99] f., [209] f.;
in chronological table, [360]
Lugal-sisa, [267]
Lugal-tarsi, king of Kish, [104];
in chronological table, [360]
Lugal-uru, [109], [168];
temple of, [190]
Lugal-ushumgal, patesi of Lagash, [236] f., [241], [253] ff, [279];
in chronological table, [361]
Lugal-zaggisi, king of Erech, [52], [163], [214];
his sack of Lagash, [188] ff., [210];
reign of, [193] ff.;
his western expedition, [197] f., [233], [335];
in chronological table, [360]
Lulubu, [55], [242], [250], [287] f.
Luminadimdug Canal, [153], [161], [168]
Lummagirnunta Canal, [154], [162]
Lupad, [96] f.
Lyre-player, to the Moon-god [246]
Mace-heads, in Babylonia and Egypt, [322], [333];
of Mesilim, [80], [99];
of Shar-Gani-sharri, [218];
of Lasirab, [250];
of Gudea, [270] f.;
supports for ceremonial, [111]
Maciver, Prof. D. Randall, [327]
Madga, [261], [291]
Madka, [291]
Magan, [14], [218], [238], [241] f., [258], [262]
Ma'er, Mari, [97] f., [146]
Magician, royal, [236]
Makhar, [290]
Makkan, [14]
Mal-Amîr, [336]
Malachite, for face-paint, [330]
Managers, of estates, [207] f.
Manishdussu, Manishduzzu, Anzanite forms of the name Manishtusu, [206]
Manishtusu, king of Kish, [206] ff.;
campaigns of, [211] f., [224], [231];
obelisk of, [95], [176], [203], [206] ff., [222], [238];
statues of, [212] f.;
cruciform monument probably to be assigned to, [223] f.;
date of, [53], [65], [210] f.;
in chronological table, [360]
Mannu-dannu, prince of Magan, [227], [241]
Mantle, Sumerian, [42]
Map, Babylonian, of the world, [313]
Mâr-Ishtar, seal of, [344]
Marad, [206]
Mardin, [244]
Marduk, [240], [294];
origin of emblem of, [342]
Mari; see Ma'er
Markharshi, [286], [290]
Marsh, of Ninkharsag, [206]
Martu (Amurru), a West Semitic god, [344]
Masiam-Ishtar, [308]
Maspero, Prof. G., [324]
Mash-Shuruppak, early official of Shuruppak, [95]
Mastaba-tomb, of Aha, [323]
Mat-burials, [3], [26] f.
Mat-weaving, Egyptian, [328]
Median Wall, [38]
Mediterranean, culture, [2];
Lugal-zaggisi's expedition to, [197] f.;
Sargon and the, [225], [233] ff., [251], [343] ff.;
Gudea's supplies from, [262], [279];
Gimil-Sin and the, [300]
Meissner, Prof. B., [17], [304], [309], [316]
Melukhkha, [238], [261] f.
Memphis, [324]
Mena, [324]
Ménant, J., [217] f., [246]
Menêdir, [31]
Menua, [261]
Menudgid, [113]
Minoan hieroglyphs, [345]
Merv, [354];
oasis of, [351], [354]
Mes, [194] f.
Mesalim, son of Manishtusu, [209] f.
Mesandu, slaves dedicated to, [184]
Mesilim, king of Kish, [53], [65], [80], [99] ff., [159], [209];
in chronological table, [360]
Meslamtaea, [284];
temple to, [264]
Mesniu, [324]
Mesopotamia, [7]
Messengers, royal, [291]
Messerschmidt, L., [21], [52], [157]
Metal-casting, Sumerian, [72] ff.;
Egyptian, [327];
Elamite, [337]
Metal-work, engraved, [78], [167], [229]
Meyer, Prof. Edouard, [40], [47] ff., [50] ff., [62], [66], [73], [97],
[110], [178], [184], [244], [284], [306], [313], [334]
Migrations, causes of, [354]
Minotaurs, [346]
Mishime, [150] f.
Mjelli, [31]
Mongols, [54]
Monsters, in Sumerian art, [76]
Moon-god, [45];
dress of the, [48];
see also Enzu, Nannar, Sin
Moon-cult, [84] f.
Mosaic legislation, [348]
Mother-of-pearl, [74] f., [81] f.
Moulds, for casting, [74];
for bricks, [264]
Mukayyar, site of Ur, [34];
excavations at, [34] f.;
plan of, [34];
contracted burials at, [30], [331];
inscriptions from, [217], [280], [310] f.
Mummification, [331] f.
Muninnikurta, [112], [115]
Murîk-Tidnim, the Wall of the West, [300]
Musayyib, [10]
Mussian, excavations at, [2], [340];
painted pottery from, [340] f., [356]
Mycenaean epoch, [1]
Myres, Prof. J. L., [343] f.
Mythological beings, [174] f.
Nabataeans, [40]
Nabonidus, [60] ff., [216] ff., [268]
Naga-ed-Dêr, [326]
Nagidda, patesi of Adamdun, [292]
Nahr Hindîya, [10]
Nakâda, [323], [330]
Naksu, [240], [278]
Nalua-stone, [261]
Namazua, [115]
Names, symbolical, [272] f.
Nammakhni, patesi of Lagash, [255], [258];
in chronological table, [361]
Nanâ, [12], [84], [146] f., [304] f.
Nannar, Moon-god of Ur, [84], [280], [294] f., [298]
Nannar-gugal Canal, [281] f.
Narâm-Sin, king of Akkad, reign of, [241] ff.;
buildings of, [37], [88] f., [219], [235], [244] f.;
date of, [60] ff., [65], [203], [216], [218], [253];
successors of, [246], [278];
dress of, [42];
his Stele of Victory, [228] f., [243], [251];
the Pir Hussein Stele, [244] ff.;
Omens of, [217], [241];
titles of, [242], [251];
deification of, [251], [343] f.;
in chronological table, [361]
Narmer, [324]
Naruti, [212] f.
Natik Effendi, [245]
Naturalistic treatment, in Sumerian design, [80] f.;
in early Semitic sculpture, [252]
Naville, Prof. E., [324], [326] f., [332]
Nebuchadnezzar II., [37] f.
Nekhune, [290]
Neo-Anzanite texts, [337]
Neolithic period, in Babylonia, [2] f., [322], [342] f.;
remains of, at Nineveh, [343];
at Susa, [340];
at Mussian, [2], [340];
at Anau, [2], [341];
in Egypt, [1] f., [323];
in Aegean and Mediterranean areas, [1] f.;
in Northern Greece, [341];
wares of the, [340] ff.
Nergal, [38],

[289], [293]
Nets, of the gods, [128] ff., [165], [220], [229]
New Moon, Feast of the, [298] f.
Newberry, P. E., [325], [334]
Nidaba, [190] f., [194], [196], [266]
Niebuhr, Carl, [219]
Niffer, site of Nippur, [8] f., [85];
excavations at, [86];
votive inscriptions from, [204], [206];
dated tablets from, [309];
contracted burials at, [331];
see also Nippur
Nin-azag-nun, [259]
Nin-Isin, [313]
Ninâ, goddess, [108], [111], [152] f., [164] f., [168], [185], [190], [206],
[254] f., [264], [266], [271] f., [275], [296]
Ninâ, division of Lagash, [108]
Ninab, possible reading of the name Ninni-esh, [163]
Ninabukhadu, [194] f.
Ninagal, [259]
Nindar, [190], [259], [264]
Nindub, [266]
Nineveh, [4];
Neolithic settlement at, [343]
Ningal, [298]
Ningandu, wife of Nammakhni, [255]
Ningirsu, [43], [84], [127], [156], [164] ff., [168], [172], [177], [180] f.,
[184] f., [190] f., [259], [271];
temple of, [89] f., [95], [99] f., [108] f., [111], [113], [123], [155],
[266] ff., [298];
laws of, [272];
emblem of, [98], [100], [175];
representations of, [67], [130] f., [156]
Ningirsu-ushumgal Canal, [271]
Ningishzida, Gudea's patron deity, [47], [108], [264], [266];
monsters of, [76] f.;
temple of, [264], [269], [273];
representation of, [47]
Ninib, [294]
Ninkagina, [255]
Ninkharsag, [13], [121], [127] f., [148], [168], [194], [289];
temple of, [259], [264], [269], [273];
Marsh of, [206]
Ninki, [128] f.
Ninlil, [104], [281]
Ninmakh, [168], [189]
Ninmar, [108], [172], [259], [296]
Ninni, [84], [104], [145], [194], [310];
her temple at Erech, [33],196, [280], [298];
her temples at Lagash, [161], [190], [259], [264];
her temple at Ninni-esh, [244];
representations of, [135], [250]
Ninni-esh, [163], [195] f., [238], [244]
Ninsar, [185]
Ninshakh, Urukagina's patron deity, [177]
Nintud, [273]
Niphates, [11]
Nippur, site of, [8] f.;
excavations at, [32], [85] ff.;
early Babylonian plan of, [87];
plan of the inner city at, [86], [88];
character and history of, [13], [51] f., [85] ff., [98], [107], [185],
[198], [238], [293] f., [310] f.;
buildings at, [86] ff., [219], [235], [244], [281], [345];
objects and inscriptions from, [48] f., [73], [102] f., [193], [199],
[201], [279] f., [311];
see also Niffer
Noeldeke, A., [24] f., [28] f.
North Africa, [323], [352]
Northern Babylonia, Semitic immigration into, [214], [230], [250] f., [358];
see also Akkad
Northern China, [353]
Northern Greece, prehistoric pottery from, [341]
Northern Syria, [347]
Nubia, [327]
Nudubtum, seal of, [344]
Nuffar, [85]; see Niffer
Numeration, systems of, [339]
Nusku, [294]
Nutugmushda, [286]
Oannes, [53]
Oaths, ratification of, [128]
Obelisk, of Manishtusu, [95],176, [203];
description of, [206] ff.;
names from, [222], [238]
Obsidian implements, from Kuyunjik, [343]
Offerings, votive, [199];
funerary, [140] f.
Officials, [179] ff.;
orders for supplies for, [290] f.
Ohnefalsch-Richter, M. H., [344]
Oil, divination by, [183];
for embalming, [332]
Omen-texts, historical traditions in, [206], [219], [304], [309]
Omens, of Sargon and Narâm-Sin, [217], [219] f., [224] f., [233] ff., [240] f.;
consultation of the, [266], [348]
Opis, site of, [11],13, [38] f.;
history of, [145] f., [152], [202], [226]
Oppert, Jules, [4], [217] f.
Overseers, of landed property, [207] f., [210] f.
Painting, of the body, [27]
Palace-chamberlain, [276]
Palace Tell, at Tello, [18], [90] f.
Palaeoliths, [2]
Palaikastro, [346] f.
Palermo Stele, [334]
Palettes, early Egyptian, [27], [330]
Pamirs, [351]
Parthian fortress, [89];
palace, [18]
Patesi, signification of the title, [106];
in relation to the city-god, [101] f., [181], [268];
decrease in influence of, [173], [295] f., [302]
Patron deities, [47], [108] f., [177], [264], [266];
on cylinder-seals, [344]
Perforated plaques, [68], [98],110 f.
Perquisites, of the priesthood, [180] ff.
Perrot, G., [66]
Persia, [1], [39], [55], [245]
Persian Gulf, [6] f., [53], [62] f., [211], [234] f., [242], [251], [262], [279], [320]
Petrie, Prof. W. M. Flinders, [330], [334]
Petticoat, Sumerian, [42] f.
Phaestos, [346];
disk from, [346]
Pictographs, Minoan, [345]
Pictorial writing, systems of, [328] f.
Picture characters, [3]
Pilasters, [264]
Pinches, T. G., [218]
Pir Hussein, [42], [244] f.
Plaid, Semitic, [42]
Plans, Babylonian, [87] f., [260], [265]
Plane-trees, [261]
Plano-convex bricks, [26], [35], [91], [94], [332]
Plaster, [262]
Plating, with copper, [74]
Poebel, A., [63], [312]
Population, transference of, [208], [238] ff.
Post-Sargonic, use of term, [216], [228]
Pot-burials, [30], [34], [37]
Pottery, Sumerian, [3], [342];
Elamite, [340] f.;
Cappadocian, [341];
Egyptian, [326] ff.
Prayer, of dedication, [198]
Predynastic Egyptians, [323] ff.
Prehistoric period, in Babylonia, [2] f., [84] ff, [322], [343];
in Elam, [2], [339] f., [342];
in Egypt, [1] f., [322] ff.
Pre-Sargonic, use of term, [216], [228]
Presents, accompanying a sale of land, [95], [207]
Price, Prof. Ira M., [266]
Prices, regulation of, [182]
Priesthood, power of the Sumerian, [167] f., [172] f.;
exactions of the, [180] f.
Proto-Elamite, system of writing, [338] f.
Ptolemaic Canon, [62]
Pukhia, king of Khurshitu, [287]
Pumpelly, Raphael, [2], [332], [341], [351] f., [357];
expeditions of, [351] ff.
Punt, [334]
Pûr-Sagale, [62]
Pûr-Sin; see Bûr-Sin
Purification, rites of, [266] f.
Racial types, [41] f., [44] f.
Radau, Hugo, [61], [109], [112], [115], [151], [310]
Ranke, H., [313], [315]
Rassam, H., [37]
Rawlinson, Sir H. C., [4], [6], [217]
Red Sea, [323] f.
Reed, of Enki, [108]
Reeds, huts of, [84]; roofs of, [94]
Reisner, G. A., [14], [17], [324], [326] ff.
Reservoirs, [154] f., [168], [185]
Revenue, farming of the, [181]
Revolts, against Manishtusu, [224], [227], [231];
against Sargon, [227], [240]
Rhodes, [344]
Richthofen, Baron Ferdinand von, [353]
Rîm-Sin, king of Larsa, [31], [314], [316] ff.
Rimush, probable reading of the name Urumush, [203]
Ringed staff, as emblem, [77]
Rîsh-Adad, king of Apirak, [241]
Ritual, Sumerian, [265] f., [268], [348]
Rogers, Prof. R. W., [17]
Romans, [346]
Rule, architect's, [265]
Russian Turkestan, [332], [341], [351] f., [354]
Sab-Dagan, [313]
Sabu, in Elam, [290], [301] f.
Sacrifice, [140]
Sagantug, [113], [116]
Sa'îd Muhammad, [28]
Sakjegeuzi, potsherds from, [341]
Sakli, [226]
Sale, deeds of, [95] f., [160], [170] f., [206] ff.
Samarra, [7], [39]
Samâwa, [10]
Samsu-iluna, [9], [31] f., [89], [162], [317]
Samsun, [245]
Sand-dunes, origin of, [353]
Sandals, introduction of, [51]
Sangu-priest, [163]
Sarcophagus-burials, [3], [26] f., [34] f.
Sargon of Agade, [216] ff.;
historical character of, [216], [219], [224] ff.;
his identification with Shar-Gani-sharri, [216] ff, [220] ff, [227] f.;
age of, [60] ff.;
Legend of, [217], [226], [232];
Omens of, [217], [219] f., [224] f., [233] ff., [240];
Chronicle of, [220], [225];
"sons of the palace" of, [239]
Sargonids, [337]
Sassanian period, [8], [31]
Satuni, king of Lulubu, [242] f.
Sayce, Prof. A. H., [4], [73], [291], [324] f., [341], [345]
Schäfer, Heinrich, [334]
Scheil, Père V., [21], [37], [206], [209], [211] ff, [220] ff, [228], [241],
[244], [272], [290] f., [295], [297], [299], [305] ff, [310] f., [314], [319], [336], [338]
Schmidt, Dr. Hubert, [341], [351] f., [355]
Schnabel, P., [63]
Schrader, Eberhard, [4], [109]
Sculpture, Sumerian, [3], [28], [66] ff, [129] ff., [252], [269] f., [333], [348];
early Semitic, [66],213. [220] f., [228] f., [251] f.;
Elamite, [337];
Egyptian, Sea, of the West, [234]
Sea-country, [32], [53], [62] f., [235]
Seal-cutting, [175] f.
Seal-impressions, proto-Elamite, [339]
Seal-stones, Cretan, [345] f.
Sealings, [3], [27], [170], [173] ff., [236] f., [344]
Sebene Su, [245]
Seistan, [357]
Seleucia, [39]
Semiramis, [38]
Semites, racial characteristics of, [40] ff., [246] f.;
immigrations of, [47] ff., [53], [55], [203], [214], [230] f., [238], [250] f., [336], [347];
cause of Semitic migrations, [358];
domination of, [203] ff., [216] ff, [247], [249], [263], [320];
influence of, [66] f., [214], [334];
sculpture of, [213], [220] f., [228] f., [243], [251], [253];
hypothetical Egyptian invasion of, [323] ff., [328]
Semitisms, [52]
Senkera, site of Larsa, [9];
excavations at, [34];
inscriptions from, [281], [311], [314]
Sennacherib, [37], [217], [235]
Ser-i-Pul-i-Zohab, [250]
Serpents, in Sumerian art, [76]
Shabara, [290]
Shad-Bitkim, Field of, [206]
Shagarakti-Buriash, [268]
Shagpada, [190]
Shagshag, wife of Urukagina, [170], [176], [273]
Shakanshabar, [267] f.
Shakh, conquest of, [150]
Shakh, royal steward, [170]
Shakh-Bau, [171]
Shamash, [212], [218], [223], [231], [244], [289]
Shar-Gani-sharri, king of Akkad, reign of, [216] ff.;
his identification with Saigon, [216] ff., [220] ff., [227] f.;
conquests of, [225] ff., [233], [240], [335], [343];
in relation to Cyprus, [234] f., [343] f.;
administrative system of, [236] ff.;