3. The prefix ka-.
35397. Secondary forms with the prefix ka- are of most varied meaning; the principal types express association of two individuals or groups and involuntary action. In accented form the prefix kà- expresses chiefly accidental occurrence. In certain passives associated with this group the prefix itself does not appear.
40(1) Simple static forms.
398. Words with prefix ka- denote objects (or groups) standing in such and such a relation to another object (or group). Sya y áki ŋ nagìŋ kabaláe. He (she) has become my fellow-parent-in-law, i. e. Our children have intermarried; the form ka-baláe merely makes explicit the element of relation present in the simple word: 5Si Bantùg ay áki ŋ baláe. Bantug’s son (daughter) has married my daughter (son). Aŋ maŋa áso ay nása kabilá naŋ bákod. The dogs are on the other side of the fence (the simple -bilàʾ does not occur; the idea of other side is always envisaged as relative). Aŋ búkid ni Hwàn ay karátig naŋ kay Pédro. Juan’s field borders 10on Pedro’s. Aŋ mésa ŋ itò y kakúlay naŋ kahòn. This table is of the same color as the chest. Si Hwàn aŋ kalában ny Andrès sa larò ŋ dáma. Juan is Andres’ opponent at checkers. Kamatà si Hwàn ni Pédro. Juan and Pedro took to each other from first sight. Aŋ tagpí naŋ báro ni Pédro ay hindí kamukhá naŋ bároʾ. 15The patch on Juan’s blouse does not match the blouse. aŋ áki ŋ kapatìd na si Hwàn my brother Juan. aŋ áki ŋ kapútol na si Hwàn my brother Juan; aŋ kapútol naŋ tubò a piece (broken off) of the sugar-cane. Aŋ kasánib naŋ áki ŋ banìg ay aŋ banìg ni Manuwèl. Manuel’s sleeping-mat and mine overlap (kasánib one 20of two things of which one overlaps the other). walà ŋ kasaŋkàp without accompaniments, trimmings, affixes. Si Mariyáno aŋ kasunod kò ŋ lumàlákad sa kalsáda. Mariano was the one who was walking behind me on the street; aŋ kasunod kò ŋ naparoòn sa simbáhan the one who followed me in going to church (kasunòd 25one of two persons one of whom is following the other). aŋ katúŋo the person one is dealing with, the other party. Si Pédro aŋ kaugáli naŋ kanya ŋ kaybíga ŋ si Hwàn. Pedro has the same habits as his friend Juan.
Similarly from: áway, báyan, biyàk, bunòʾ, ribàl, haràp, kilála, 30kláse, lákip, laròʾ, pantày, partè, sabuwàt, sáli, sálo, sáma, súnoʾ, tapàt, timbàʾ, untìʾ, úsap, walàʾ.
Divergent in meaning are katáo (§ [255]), kagabì, kahápon (§ [259]). Cf. also § [520].
(a) From derived words: Syà y isa kò ŋ kamagának. He is 35a relative of mine (mag-ának, § [358,a]), and kamakalawà (§ [259], from maka-lawà, § [453]).
(b) From a phrase: aŋ kasa-ŋ-báhay a person dwelling in the same house with another, a housemate (isà ŋ báhay).
(c) From shifted root (§ [337]): Si Hwàn ay kagalìt ni Pédro 40at ni Kulàs. Juan is at odds with Pedro and Nicolás. aŋ kanyà ŋ kagalìt the person or persons with whom he is at odds. Si Pédro aŋ nagìŋ kasirá ni Hwàn. It is Pedro with whom Juan is angry. Hindí ko katalò si Párì Hwàn. I don’t play winning-and-losing games with Father Juan. Similarly from álam, sáma.
(d) The root is reduplicated in a few cases: Si Pédro aŋ áki ŋ kababáyan. Pedro is my fellow-townsman (beside kabáyan); katutúboʾ native, ingrown, inborn, inherited.