50. In a succession of otherwise unstressed syllables a rhythmical movement is usually produced by means of grammatically insignificant stresses weaker than a secondary word-accent; the distribution, and, indeed, the occurrence of these is so variable that I have not tried to indicate them in transcription, especially 5as they are never distinctive. Thus, in the phrases in § [46] an accent of this kind may fall on the next-to-last syllables of the words that lose their normal word-accent: aŋ màŋa báhay, aŋ kànya ŋ amà his father, aŋ malàki ŋ báhay.
51. The successive accents in a sentence bear a well-marked 10relation to each other: the early and especially the middle ones have higher absolute pitch than the last; an accent on the last syllable of a sentence often entirely loses its pitch-rise. As a consequence of this rather fixed melody, the differences of pitch-movement between statements, questions, commands, and exclamations 15of various kinds are not so marked as in English; the higher stress of emotionally dominant (emphatic) words, also, is less marked than in English.
In exclamation or under emphasis the accent of a final syllable may be like that of a medial syllable, and may, in addition 20take on a falling accent after the rise: Hwán! (with rising-falling stress and pitch) Juan!, for normal Huwàn, Hwàn. Other disturbances of accent also occur in exclamation.
B. SYNTAX.
1. Sentence and word.
a. Syntactic relations.
52. The sentence consists of one or more words: Aráy! 5Ouch! Umúulàn. It’s raining. Ina kò! Mother of mine! (as exclamation). Sya y sumùsúlat. He or she is or was writing.
53. The relations between the words in a sentence are the usual ones: (1) Attribution: Ina kò! Mother (of) mine! (2) Predication: Sumùsúlat syà. Literally: Is-writing he. (3) The 10serial relation: butò t balàt bone and skin.
54. Some of the particles (§ [55]) seem, however, to stand in none of these relations, but rather to express these relations themselves. Thus the particle t and in the preceding example is expressive of the serial relation. So further: malakì ŋ báhay 15large house; the particle ŋ expresses the attributive relation; Sya y sumùsúlat. The particle y expresses the predicative relation.