Occasionally the agent is redundantly added: Kità ay áki ŋ parùrusáhan. I shall punish you.
5183. A disjunctive agent is used with the words expressing recent completion of an act with prefix ka- and reduplication: (§ [77]): Karáratiŋ ko pa lámaŋ! I have only just arrived. Kakàkáin ko pa lámaŋ! I have only just finished eating.
184. (3) A disjunctive attribute expressing the direct object 10corresponds to the subject of a direct passive transient predicate: Sya y kumáin naŋ kánin. He ate some boiled rice. Passive: Kináin nya aŋ kánin. Was-eaten by-him the boiled rice, i. e. He ate the boiled rice.
It will be seen that when the direct object is definite it is 15more likely to serve as subject of a passive predicate (§ [94]); hence the disjunctive attribute expressing a direct object has often an indefinite partitive value. Syà y sumúlat naŋ líham. He wrote some letters. Syà y pumútol naŋ káhoy. He cut some wood. Bigyàn mo akò niyà ŋ túbig. Give me some of that water. Katátagpi 20ko niyòn! I have just finished mending that! Sya y naghintày naŋ sàsabíhin naŋ sundálo. He awaited that which was going to be said by the soldier.
185. (4) A disjunctive attribute expressing the instrument corresponds to the subject of an instrumental passive transient 25predicate: Syà y sumúlat naŋ kwènto. He wrote down a story, stories. Passive: Isinúlat nya aŋ kwènto. Was-written-down by-him the story, i. e. He wrote down the story.
The indefinite value of the disjunctive attribute is here due to the same relation as in the preceding type. Pinútol nya naŋ 30gúlok aŋ káhoy. The wood was cut by him with a bolo; instrumental passive: Ipinútol nya naŋ káhoy aŋ gúlok. Was-used-for-cutting by-him of wood the bolo, i. e. He cut wood with the bolo. Binigyàn nya akò naŋ aklàt. He gave me a book.
186. So a direct quotation or an entire predication: Aŋ 35bulàg ay sumigàw naŋ “Tatlò!” The blindman shouted “Three!”; passive: Isinigàw naŋ bulàg aŋ “Tatlò!” Aŋ báwat isa sa kanilà ay sumagòt naŋ súŋay aŋ kanila ŋ nàkìkíta. Each one answered that horns were what they saw.
187. (5) Disjunctive attributes of place correspond to the 40subject of a local passive transient predication: Syà y pumanhìk naŋ báhay. He entered a house; passive: Pinanhikàn nya aŋ báhay. He entered the house. Aŋ pagòŋ ay nagumpisà naŋ pagsisigàw. The turtle began (a) shouting; passive: Inumpisahàn naŋ pagòŋ aŋ pagsisigàw.
These attributes are in meaning rather close to local attributes (§ [203]); as opposed to the latter they are, however, the 5real correspondents of the subject of a local passive transient predication, expressing a real participation of the object in the action or occurrence,—whereas the local attributes express the place of the action as something more or less unaffected and independent.
10188. (6) Disjunctive attributes of manner do not correspond to any kind of subject. When they are used with a transient word the sentence may, however, be reversed so as to make of the attribute a transient predicate of a sentence in which the action (as subject) is spoken of as being “made such and such”. 15Tumakbò sya naŋ matúlin. He ran fast. The words naŋ matúlin are the disjunctive form of an object expression, aŋ matúlin, which would resemble German das schnelle. Our sentence corresponds to: Tinulínan nya aŋ pagtakbò. Was-made-fast by-him his running, He ran fast. Syà y tumáwa naŋ malakàs. He 20laughed aloud, cf. Inilakas nyà aŋ pagtáwa. He made his laughing loud. ... mànákaw naŋ hindí nito nàlàláman should be stolen in the manner of not by-him known, i. e. should be stolen without his knowing it. mataàs naŋ kauntèʾ higher by a little, a little higher.