(4) The prefixes ending in ŋ (maŋ-, naŋ-, paŋ-) alter a following initial, always in much-used words, frequently in others.
25Before an initial syllabic the ŋ is treated as though it belonged to the underlying word and not to the prefix. This appears in reduplication (§ [336]).
Initial p, b, t, d, s, are often, initial k is always changed to the corresponding nasal: pamáloʾ (páloʾ with paŋ-), but also paŋ-pa-rikìt; 30pamilmìt (bilmìt), but also paŋ-bambò; panáliʾ (táliʾ), but also paŋ-takìp; panaláŋin (daláŋin), but also paŋ-dilìg; na-naríwaʾ (saríwaʾ), but also paŋ-sakày; naŋapàʾ (kapàʾ). Where the change is not made, the ŋ may be assimilated to dentals (§ [20]): mandurúkit beside maŋdudúkit.
35Before nasals the ŋ is usually lost: namahálaʾ (mahálaʾ with naŋ-).
See paŋ- and maŋ- in List of Formations.
(5) The prefix hin- and its compounds give rise to a few similar changes, see §§ [357,b]. 376,a. 518.
40(6) For occasional irregularities of prefixes see §§ [347,b]. 481,d. 528.
(b) infixes:
(1) Where -in- is infixed in a word beginning with l, w, or y, this initial is usually interchanged with the n, so that, practically, we have a prefixed ni- instead of an infixed -in-: ni-lútoʾ (beside 5less common l-in-útoʾ), ni-walìs (beside w-in-íkaʾ), ni-yáyaʾ. See §§ [359] ff. 374 ff.
(2) Where words beginning with syllabic, h, l, w (and y) have the prefix i- and the infix -in-, the latter is almost always used as a prefix, preceding the i-: in-iy-útos, in-íwan (for in-i-íwan), 10in-i-hatìd, i-ni-lútoʾ (beside less common i-l-in-útoʾ), in-i-wisìk. See § [368].