Others appear as though a syllable -al- or -ag- were infixed (or prefixed) before the first syllabic: alagàd (cf. agàdʾ), balahíbo fur, hair on the body, balíkat, balítaʾ, Balíwag, balúbad, 20baluktòt, dalága, dalamháteʾ, dalandàn, dalaŋhítaʾ, daláŋin, halakhàk, haláman, halíge, halimbáwaʾ, halimhìm, kalabòg, kalákal, kalasìŋ, kalaykày, kaluskòs, palakàʾ, salakàb, salákay, salakòt a rain-hat of palm-leaves, salapèʾ, salawàl, salaysày, salitàʾ, salúboŋ, salúkoy, talastàs, taluŋkòʾ,—bagábag, bagáso bare stalk, of sugar-cane 25or corn (Spanish brazo, whence Tagalog baráso arm, assimilated to this type?), Hagúnoy, lagablàb, lagánap, pagakpàk, sagásaʾ, sagitsìt.
In some instances roots of the same or similar meaning resemble each other in form. This is commonest in loan-words, where 30different degrees of assimilation exist side by side: biróke, bitóke blow-gun bullet (Spanish bodoque); palànsa, pirìnsa flatiron (Spanish plancha). It occurs also, however, in native (or anciently assimilated) roots: aniyáyaʾ, yáyaʾ; ánib, sánib (for sa ánib?); balítaʾ, salitàʾ; bitàw, bitìw; bugòk, bulòk; buŋáŋaʾ 35mouth, maw (naŋ hurnò of the oven, naŋ kalàn of the stove), suŋáŋaʾ a blow on the mouth; dinìg, kinìg; ípon, lípon (lipumpòn, above), típon; laàn, taàn; luhòd, túhod; maŋhàʾ, taŋhàʾ; matày, patày; hantày, hintày.
When syllables of a root resemble affixes, there is always 40possibility that the root may be interpreted as a derived word by the speech-feeling, no matter whether historically it be such or not. Thus the Index will show many roots whose initial syllables are identical with prefixes; the other cases will be mentioned under the various affixes.
334. Affixation. Prefixes are added to the initial of the underlying word: nag-tirà; infixes before the first syllabic: t-um-irà, 5um-alìs; suffixes to the end: tìrá-han.
Affixes are occasionally accompanied by retraction of accent: itò, d-íto. See §§ [343,c]. [358,c.e]. [481,c]. [485,a]. [523]. [528,d].
In the following cases affixes are accompanied by sound-variation:
10(a) prefixes:
(1) The prefixes ending in g are treated phonetically as though they were separate words; this happens occasionally with other prefixes (§ [34]).
(2) Initial d of the underlying word becomes r after the 15syllabic of a prefix in the roots listed in § [17]. The change is constant only in the commonest formations: always pa-raàn, but naká-daàn beside naká-raàn. Striking irregularities at §§ [407,a]. 468.
(3) The prefix i- and in some formations the prefix ka- contract 20with a following syllabic (§ [31]): iy-ánib (for i-ánib), íwan (for i-íwan), ka-yibíg-an (for ka-ibíg-an), kàwáwaʾ (for ka-áwa-áwaʾ). See §§ [368]. 401. 421. 426,b. 475,a. 481,c. 485,a.