10(c) From root with accent shift (§ [337]) only paŋhulè the last (of an established series).
B. Transients, abstracts, and special static words.
(1) Active with -um- and abstract with pag-.
348. Of the active forms of the primary groups, that of the 15type with prefix zero expresses the actor in a simple action or process. Both of the punctual forms, actual and contingent, are made with infix -um-; the actual durative consists of the root reduplicated, with infix -um-; the contingent durative is reduplicated, but lacks the infix; the reduplication is in both cases accented. 20The abstract of action consists of the root with prefix pag-. Thus the forms are: p-um-útol, p-um-ù-pútol, p-um-útol, pù-pútol, pag-pútol. Examples:
Umabaŋ kà naŋ maglalakò naŋ gátas. Watch for a milkman. Sya y umágaw naŋ maŋa laruwàn. He snatched some toys. Sya 25y umáhon sa ílog (sa bundòk, sa gulòd). He went up the river (up into the mountains, up the hill). Pumútol ka, Hwàn, naŋ búhoʾ, pagáhon mo sa bundòk. When you go up into the mountains, Juan, cut some slender bamboo. Umámin sila Pédro sa harapàn naŋ hukòm. Pedro and his band confessed before the judge. 30umámot sold, of other than a regular merchant. Umánib ka kay Pédro. Let your mat overlap Pedro’s, i. e. Sleep next to Pedro. Umaŋkìn ka naŋ laruwàn. Take some toys for yourself. Aŋ pagáyaw nya ŋ kumáin naŋ karnè ay sya ŋ nakabùbúte sa kanyà. His not being willing to eat meat is what does him good. Aŋ 35halíge naŋ báhay ay bumábaʾ sapagkàt hindí káya naŋ lúpaʾ aŋ bigàt na kanya ŋ dinádala. The post of the house sank because the weight it was bearing was too great for the ground. Bàbábag si Hwàn naŋ kanya ŋ kalaròʾ. Juan will fight with one of his playmates. Bumaluktot kà naŋ yantòk. Bend a piece of rattan. 40Aŋ áhas ay bumaluktòt. The snake doubled itself up. Bumálot ka naŋ súman (naŋ sigarìlyo, naŋ kúmot). Roll up some suman (sticky rice cooked in banana-leaves; some cigarettes, a blanket). Aŋ pagbása ay mahírap. Reading is hard. Sya y bumigtì naŋ táo. He choked a man to death. Aŋ pagbigtì ay isa ŋ pagpatày 5sa kápwa táo sa pamamagítan naŋ pagsakàl. Strangling is killing a person by means of choking. Bumílog si Hwàn naŋ isa ŋ turumpò. Juan turned out (on a lathe) a spinning-top. Bumíŋit sya sa malaki ŋ paŋánib. He went (voluntarily) to the brink of a great danger. Bumitìw sa lúbid aŋ isà sa inyò. One of you let 10go of the rope. Bumúbukàs aŋ maŋa bulaklàk sa hàlamanàn. The flowers in the garden are opening. Sya y bumúnot naŋ damò. He plucked up some grass. Lahàt naŋ táo sa báya ŋ iyòn ay bumóto sa kandidáto ŋ si Manikìs. All the people in that town voted for the candidate Maniquís. Aŋ halíge ay dumádala naŋ 15tahílan. The post bears up girders. Dumamdàm si Hwàn naŋ isa ŋ mabigàt na sakìt. Juan felt a severe pain. Sya y dumapàʾ. He lay down on his face. Aŋ kanità ŋ kwaltà sa baŋkò ay kasalukúya ŋ gumàgána naŋ buwìs. Your money and mine in the bank is even now earning interest. gumantì act in retaliation. 20gumápas cut with the paŋgápas. Aŋ máy sakìt ay guminháwa. The patient became more comfortable ... ay gumìginháwa nà ... is getting more comfortable now. Sya y humalìk sa kanya ŋ nánay. She kissed her mother. Aŋ báta ŋ si Hwàn aŋ humampàs sa anàk ni Áli ŋ Maryà. It was little Juan 25who hit Aunt Maria’s little boy with a whip. aŋ paghánap a seeking (especially of one’s daily bread). Sya y humáraŋ naŋ maŋa táo ŋ nagháhatid naŋ kabáyo sa báya-ŋ-San-Migèl. He held up some people who were taking horses to the town of San Miguel. Akò ay humátì naŋ mansánas. I cut an apple in two. Humátì 30ako naŋ maŋa itlòg na binilè ni Hwána. I took half of the eggs Juana bought. Iŋátan mo aŋ pagháwak sa mákina ŋ iyàn, sapagkàt baká ka maputúlan naŋ dalíriʾ na gáya naŋ naŋyári sa ibà. Be careful how you take hold of that machine, for you might get your finger cut off like others before you. Humínà naŋ pagtakbò 35aŋ kabáyo. The horse lost its speed as a runner. aŋ paghiŋìʾ a requesting, a request. Híhiram kamì naŋ librò sa libreríya. We shall borrow books from the library. humúlaʾ predicted, prophesied. umigìb get water by dipping from a well, spring, or stream. Akò y umìíhip naŋ píto. I was blowing the small flute. Umìíhip 40aŋ háŋi ŋ habágat. The spring wind is blowing. Umílag ka. Get out of the way. Aŋ kanyà ŋ maŋa pagilàŋ ay lubhà ŋ makínis. His little dodges are very clever. Umínit aŋ plànsa. The flatiron became hot. Umínit aŋ túbig. The water got hot. Aŋ paginùm naŋ álak ay masamàʾ. Drinking liquor is harmful. Sya y uminùm naŋ gátas. He drank some milk. Umísip ka, Nánay, naŋ isa ŋ kwènto. Try to think of a story, Mother. Aŋ pagísip naŋ 5bugtòŋ na itò ay mahírap. This riddle is hard to solve. aŋ kanyà ŋ pagiyàk her weeping. kumabiyàw press sugar-cane. Kumaluskòs sa súlok aŋ dagàʾ. The rat pattered in the corner, i. e. I heard the pattering of a rat in the corner. Aŋ íbon ay kumákantà. The bird is singing. Kumapá si Hwàn naŋ itlòg sa púgad naŋ manòk. 10Juan felt out some eggs in the hen’s nest. Kumákapá sya naŋ isa ŋ palakàʾ. He felt around for a frog. Sya y kumáyas naŋ isa ŋ kawáyan. He smoothed a stick of bamboo. Hwag kà ŋ kumuròt ŋayòn! Don’t pinch now! Si Pédro ay lumabàs. Pedro went out. Aŋ áso y lumàlámon. The dog is feeding. Si Pédro 15ay lumàlámon at hindí kumàkáin. Pedro is eating like an animal, not like a human being. Lumáyag si Manuwèl sa Amérika. Manuel sailed (i. e. voyaged) to America (aŋ láyag a sail). Aŋ bantay-pálay ay lumáyas. The watchman of the rice-field left his post. Isa ŋ sundálo ay lumáyas sa ínit naŋ paglalabanàn. A soldier 20deserted in the heat of the battle. Sya y lumíbot. He went for a walk. Magpútol ka, Pédro, naŋ maŋa kúgon, úpaŋ lumínis aŋ búkid. Cut the cugon-grass, Pedro, so that the field may become clear. Si Pédro ay lumípat sa iba ŋ báyan. Pedro moved to another town. Lumuhod kà, Hwán. Kneel down, Juan. Si 25Hwàn ay lumuhòd sa haràp naŋ háreʾ. Juan knelt down before the king. Sya y ŋumíŋitìʾ. She is smiling. Pumagítan sya sa dalawà ŋ dalága. He placed himself between two young ladies. Akò y pumána naŋ usà. I shot an arrow at a stag (pánaʾ an arrow). Pumánaw aŋ kanya ŋ hiniŋà. His breath departed, i. e. 30He gave up the ghost. Si Hwàn aŋ pumáso sa áki ŋ kulugò. It was Juan who burned out my wart for me. Huwàg kà ŋ pumatìd naŋ sampáyan! Don’t you break the clothes-line! Si Hwàn ay sya ŋ pumáyag sa paraà ŋ itò. It was Juan who agreed to this plan. Sya y pumàpáyag. He is willing. Pumíli akò naŋ malakì 35ŋ mansánas. I chose a big apple. Pumìpílit sya ŋ magbukàs naŋ kabà ŋ bákal. He was trying hard to open an iron safe. (But punctual: Pumílit sya ... He forced open...). pumitìk give a fillip, snap at with one’s finger. Sya y pumúpukpòk naŋ bunòt naŋ nyòg. He is pounding cocoanut husks. Pumùpútol naŋ kawáyan 40si Mariyáno. Mariano is cutting bamboo. Pùpútol ... will cut.... Aŋ sumàsábuy na túbig ay naŋgàgáliŋ sa bubuŋàn naŋ báhay. The water that was splashing on us came from the roof of the house. sumagásaʾ jostle. sumaguwàn paddle. sumáhod put something under to catch what flows or falls. Sya y sumásakay sa baŋkaʾ naŋ akò y dumatìŋ. He was getting into the canoe when I arrived. Sumála siyà sa siŋsìŋ. He missed the ring (in 5the juego de anillo, in which one tries to catch a ring on a stick). sumálok dip out water (aŋ sálok a dipper, a basket for catching fruit when it is cut from the tree; a net for catching insects). Sya y sumandòk naŋ sináiŋ. She dipped out some boiled rice. Sumánib ka kay Pédro, (same meaning as umánib above). Sumíkad aŋ 10kabáyo. The horse struck out, gave a kick. Sumikìp aŋ daàn sa karamíhan naŋ táo. The road became crowded with the multitude of people. Sumikìp aŋ damìt. The garment shrank and became tight. Sumiksìk si Hwàn sa púloŋ naŋ maŋa táo. Juan crowded his way into the gathering of people. Sumilakbò aŋ apòy (aŋ 15kanya ŋ gálit, aŋ kanya ŋ tuwàʾ). The fire (his anger, his joy) welled up. Aŋ pagsintà ni Pédro ay hindí tinaŋgàp naŋ dalága. The young lady did not accept Pedro’s proffer of love. Siyà aŋ sumuklày sa kanya ŋ anàk. It was she herself who combed her child’s hair (aŋ suklày a comb). sumúlid spin thread. sumúloŋ 20push ahead, progress; also as family name: Sumúloŋ. Si Pédro ay sumundòʾ naŋ páreʾ. Pedro fetched a priest. Hindí sya nagkapálad sa pagsundò naŋ médiko. He did not succeed in fetching a doctor. Pagsuntok nyà ay tumakbo kà. When he strikes you, run (suntòk a blow on the head). Sya y sumúsutsòt. He is whistling. 25Aŋ báta y tumahímik. The boy quieted down. Tumátahòl aŋ áso. The dog was barking. Sya y tumámà sa hwétiŋ. He won in the lottery. Tumátandá siyà. He is getting old. Sya y tumánod sa báhay sa boò ŋ magdamàg. He guarded the house all night. Tumanùŋ akò kay Hwàn. I asked Juan. Tumanùŋ akò naŋ 30kwàlta kay Hwàn. I asked Juan for money. tumaŋhàʾ wonder. Sya y tumátaŋòʾ. He is willing, He assents. Tumàtáwa siyà. He is laughing. Ikàw aŋ tumáwag kay Hwàn. Do you call Juan. Nárinig ko aŋ iyò ŋ pagtáwag sa ákin. I heard you calling me. Sya y tumayòʾ. He stood up. tumibàʾ cut bananas off the tree. 35tumilàd cut wood small along the grain, shave off, cut into small parts. Sya y tumimbá naŋ túbig. He drew water with a bucket. aŋ pagtiŋìn the act of looking at something, observation. Aŋ pagtipìd sa kwaltà ay ginágawa naŋ marámi. Many people practise economy in the matter of money. Aŋ pagtípon sa maŋa káhoy 40kuŋ tagulàn ay mahírap, sapagkàt mapútik. It is hard to collect logs in the rainy season, on account of the mud. Tumirà si Hwàn na isa ŋ taòn sa báya-ŋ-Balíwag. Juan lived one year in the town of Baliuag. tumukàʾ pick with the beak (tukàʾ the beak of a fowl). Sya y tumúlak sa isinùsúloŋ na kahò ŋ bákal. He pushed (i. e. took part in pushing) at the iron safe they were moving. Also: 5Sya y tumúlak. He “shoved off”, i. e. He went away. Si Hwàn ay tumúlog sa báhay ni Pédro. Juan went and slept in Pedro’s house. Aŋ kanya ŋ pagtúlog ay mabábaw. His sleep is light. Tumúŋo sya sa báya-ŋ-Balíwag. He went toward Baliuag. Aŋ pagubrà naŋ maŋa barìl na ytò sa pamamarìl naŋ kalabàw-ramò 10ay hindí pinakamabúte. These guns are not the best for shooting wild carabao. Umubrà aŋ ininùm nya ŋ purgà. The purge he drank took effect. Umubrà sa kakanàn aŋ kanya ŋ ginawà ŋ lamésa. The table he made was suitable for the dining-room. Umubrà ŋ nagámit aŋ tornìlyo ŋ bákal sa lugàr naŋ tansò. It was possible 15to use the iron screw instead of the copper. Sya y umupòʾ. He sat down. Aŋ pagupòʾ sa háŋin ay isa ŋ mahírap na parúsa. “Sitting on the air” (standing in sitting position with the forefingers pointing up) is a hard punishment. Umùúruŋ aŋ trèn. The train is backing. Umútaŋ ka naŋ salapì kay Pédro. Borrow 20some money from Pedro. Umuwé si Hwàn. Juan went home, Yumáyà si Hwàn naŋ kanya ŋ maŋà kaybígan. Juan invited some of his friends. aŋ pagyáyaʾ the invitation.
Other roots occurring in these forms (and roots occurring above out of their alphabetical order): abála, ágos, ákay, akiyàt, 25alìs, ása, áyon, bábaw, bahàʾ, balìk, bílaŋ, bilì, búhat, bútas, daìŋ, dála, dalàs, dálaw, dalò, dámi, dápit, dápoʾ, daràs, datìŋ, dilìm, dúkit, dumì, doòn, galàw, gámit, gamòt, gápaŋ, gastà, gawàʾ, gúlaŋ, gupìt, gustò, hábaʾ, hábol, hágod, hakbàŋ, háŋoʾ, haràp, hátak, higàʾ, híla, hilìŋ, hiŋà, húkay, húli, húni, íbig, kagàt, káin, 30kalabòg, kápit, katàm, kibòʾ, kilála, kílos, kinìg, kíta, kúha, kulòŋ, kuwènta, lában, lagánap, lagpàk, lákad, lakàs, lakì, lamìg, lampàs, laŋòy, lápit, lígaw, lindòl, lipàd, litàw, liwánag, lubòg, lúhaʾ, luksò, luwàs, nákaw, ŋiyàw, panhìk, pasàn, pások, patày, páwis, píhit, pitàs, pukòl, púri, putòk, sagòt, sakàl, sákop, salákay, sáma, 35saŋgà, sápit, sarà, sayàw, sigàw, síkat, silìd, sípaʾ, sísid, subò, súgat, súlat, sumpòŋ, sunòd, suwày, súyoʾ, tabàʾ, tagàʾ, takbò, tálik, talòn, tanàw, taŋlàw, taráto, tawìd, tíbay, tiktìk, tikuwàs, túboʾ, tugtòg, tuktòk, túloŋ, tuŋtòŋ, tupàd, ulàn, ulìʾ, untìʾ, úpa, yáman.
(a) Kumusta kà? How d’you do? may be felt to belong here.[7]
40(b) An irregular inflection in which variation of the initial consonant takes the place of the infix is known to Mr. Santiago from a few traditional phrases: Hwag kà ŋ matày (for: pumatày) naŋ kápwa táo. Thou shalt not kill.
(c) Forms with accent shift owe this feature to the root 5(§ [337]): Umabòt ka naŋ isa ŋ mansánas. Help yourself to an apple. Aŋ sumunòd na silakbò naŋ lagablàb ay siya ŋ umabòt sa bubuŋàn. The next leap of the flame reached the roof. Aŋ pagabùt naŋ búŋa ŋ itò ay mahírap. This fruit is hard to reach. Nárinig ko syà sa kanya ŋ pagayàw sa sinábe ni Hwàn. I heard him 10disagree with what Juan had said. Nagálit akò sa kanya ŋ pagayàw sa lamésa. I was angered at his leaving the table. Si Pédro ay umayàw na. Pedro has left the table. Similarly from bábaʾ and sákit.
(d) From a phrase: Hindí marúnoŋ gumanti-ŋ-pálaʾ si 15Hwàn. Juan does not know how to make return for kindness (gantì ŋ pálaʾ).