History of Education

by Levi Seeley

---

INDEX

• A. B. C. der Anschauung, Herbart's, [281].
• Abelard at University of Paris, [141].
  • Benedictine teacher, [118].
  • leader of scholasticism, [122].
• Académies, in French school administration, [296], [297].
• Agricola, Johannes, school course of, [176] n.
• Agricola, Rudolphus, father of German humanism, [153], [158].
  • lectures of, [158].
• Ahriman, principle of darkness in Persian religion, [39].
• Albigenses, reformers in France, [165].
• Alcohol, Arabians discover, [145].
• Alcuin of England, Benedictine teacher, [118].
  • teacher of Charlemagne, [127].
• Alexander the Great, pupil of Aristotle, [65].
• Alexandria, catechetical school at, [107], [108].
• Museum of, [50].
• Saracenic school at, [140].
• school of rabbis at, [44].
• seat of philosophy, [107].
• Alexandrian library fostered by the Ptolemies, [50].
• Alfred the Great, becomes king, [130].
  • character and history of, [130].
  • education of, [131].
  • encourages education of higher classes, [302].
  • establishes monasteries, [131].
  • founds Oxford University, [131].
  • influence on English education, [131].
  • literary work of, [131].
  • statesmanship of, [130].
• Algebra, modern form of, [145].
• Allgemeine Pädagogik, Herbart's, [281].
• Ambrose, St., bishop of Milan, [114].
• America, discovery of, [165].
• American Revolution, establishes principle of self-government, [239].
• Analects of Confucius, [28].
• Analytical method of Aristotle, [67].
• Anatomy, in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
• Annual Reports, Horace Mann's, [286].
  • of Bureau of Education, [310].
• Anselm, founder of scholasticism, [122].
• Antioch, catechetical school at, [107].
• Antioch College, Horace Mann president of, [288].
• Apostles, active in education, [101].
• Apostles' Creed, taught during Charlemagne's reign, [128].
• Apostolic Constitution quoted, [113].
• Apprentice schools, in France, [299].
• Aquinas, Thomas, Benedictine teacher, [118].
  • leader of scholasticism, [122].
• Arabians, services to education, [145].
• Architecture, in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
• Aristotle, analytical method of, [67].
  • Athenian philosopher, [56].
  • called the Stagirite, [65].
  • pedagogy of, outlined, [66], [67].
  • pupil of Plato, [65].
  • teacher of Alexander the Great, [65].
• Arithmetic, in Charlemagne's reign, [128].
  • in Chinese schools, [24].
  • in India, [32], [33].
  • in Jewish education, [43].
  • in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
  • in monastic education, [119].
  • in Roman schools, [78].
• Arrondissements, in French school system, [297].
• Art, in Athens, [56].
  • in Egypt, [47].
• Arts, seven liberal, [118], [127].
• Aryans, in Greece, [53].
  • in India, [30].
  • in Persia, [36].
• Asceticism, influence on civilization, [116].
• Ascham, Roger, English educator, [190].
  • method of, [191].
  • Scholemaster, [190].
  • tutor to Elizabeth, [190].
• Assistant teachers, [307].
• Astrology, applications of, [120].
• Astronomy, applications of, [120].
  • Arabians' services to, [145].
  • Copernican system, [148].
• Astronomy taught in Egypt, [50].
  • taught in Mohammedan schools, [145].
  • taught to Jews, [43].
• Athenian education, criticism of, [59].
• Athenian educators, [61-67].
  • Aristotle, [65-67].
  • Plato, [63-65].
  • Socrates, [61], [62].
• Athens, [56-60].
  • aesthetic education in, [58], [59].
  • Aristotle founds Lyceum at, [66].
  • art and literature in, [54].
  • center of learning, [75].
  • contrasted with Sparta, [56].
  • criticism of education in, [59].
  • democratic government in, [57].
  • history of, [56].
  • home in, [57].
  • laws of Solon, [57].
  • Pericles, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, [56].
  • philosophers from, at Museum of Alexandria, [50], [51].
  • play important factor in child life, [57].
  • Romans study at, [74].
  • study of poets, [57], [59].
  • training of children, [57].
  • woman's status in, [58], [90].
• Attendance, compulsory, in English schools, [306].
  • in French schools, [297], [298].
  • in German schools, [291], [292].
  • in United States schools, [312].
• Augustine, St., City of God, Confessions, [114].
  • conversion of, [114].
  • influence of, [18], [115].
  • life of, [114].
  • pedagogy, [115].
  • services to education, [101].
  • works of, used in monasteries, [119].
• Augustus, age of, [74], [75].
• Azarias, Brother, on La Salle, [228].
  • on the Simultaneous Method, [227].
• 
  
  • school of rabbis at, [44].
• Babylon, Saracenic school at, [140].
  • Comenius applies principles of, [214].
  • degradation of, [207].
  • Inductive Method introduced, [207], [208].
  • influence of, [18].
  • life of, [205].
  • Montaigne's influence on, [195].
  • new era in education, [209].
  • Novum Organum, [207].
  • object teaching of, [189].
  • on Jesuit schools, [186], [187].
  • pedagogy of, [208], [209].
  • political advancement of, [206].
  • reforms of, [204].
• Bacon, Francis, character of, [206].
  • Saracenic school at, [140].
• Bagdad, caliphs foster education, [145].
• Barrett, influences Horace Mann, [285].
  • failure of, [254].
  • life of, [250].
  • methods of teaching, [250].
  • pedagogy of, [253], [255], [256].
  • Philanthropin established, [251], [252].
  • professor at Soröe, [251].
  • writings of, [255].
• Basedow, Elementary Book (Elementarbuch), [251].
• Basel, center of printing industry, [162].
  • pedagogy of, [106].
  • services to education, [101].
• Basil the Great, life of, [106].
• Beautifying of schoolrooms, [197], [198].
  • Monitorial system of, [307].
• Bell, Andrew, founds National Schools, [305].
• Belles-Lettres, in Chinese education, [25].
• Benedict, St., principles of, [117].
  • principles of, [117].
  • schools founded by, [118].
  • teachers, [118].
• Benedictines, growth of, [117].
• Berlin Conference, [236] n.
• Bernsdorf, Danish minister of education, [251].
• Besant, Walter, on Rabelais, [193], [194], [195].
  • study of, [153].
  • translated by Alfred the Great, [131].
  • translated into German, [168].
• Bible, only literature of early Christians, [95].
• Biographies of educators, [18].
• Blankenburg, Froebel's school at, [276].
• Bluntschli, advice to Pestalozzi, [260].
• Board of Education in United States school system, [310], [311].
• Board schools, established in England, [305].
• Boatman, third caste in Egypt, [48].
  • influences of, [151].
• Boccaccio, humanistic leader of Italy, [155], [157].
• Body, care of, [221], [230].
• Bologna, university established at, [124].
• Boniface, of Germany, Benedictine teacher, [118].
• Book of Method, Basedow's, [255].
• Books, school, adoption of, [290].
• Bouillon, Godfrey of, leads first crusade, [137].
• Brahma, Hindu worship of, [33].
• Brahmanism, Buddha seeks to overthrow, [35].
  • marriage of, [32].
• Brahmans, highest caste in India, [29], [30], [31], [32], [34].
• Brotherhood of man, value of principle, [91].
• Brothers of the Christian Schools, La Salle organizes, [227].
• Brown University, Horace Mann at, [285].
• Browning, on Milton's scheme of education, [220].
• Buddha, religion and spirit of, [35].
  • in India, [31].
  • religion based on moral acts, [35].
• Buddhism, in China, [21], [22], [27].
• Budding Intellect, Chinese degree, [26].
• Bulfinch, on Charlemagne, [126].
• Bureau of Education, U. S., [309].
  • Pestalozzi teaches at, [266].
• Burgdorf, Froebel at, [275].
• Burgundy, Duke of, taught by Fénelon, [224], [225].
  
• Caen, university at, [141].
• Cahors, university at, [141].
• Calculating boards, in Athens, [59].
• Caliphs, foster education, [145].
• Cambray, Bishop of, aids Erasmus, [161].
• Cambridge, University of, [141].
• Campe, leader of Philanthropin, [254].
• Canterbury, cloister school at, [118].
• Cantons, in French school system, [297].
  • in India, [30], [32].
• Caste system, in Egypt, [47-49].
  • decay of, [110].
• Catechetical schools, [107], [108].
• Catechumen schools, [104].
• Cathedral schools, [139] n.
• Catholic Church. See Church.
• Cavaliers, struggle with Roundheads, [200].
• Celestial Empire, civilization of, [20].
• Ceylon, Buddhism in, [35].
• Charity schools, in China, [23].
  • encourages education, [127], [128].
  • history, character, purpose of, [125], [126].
  • influence of, [18].
  • School of Palace established, [127].
  • summary of work of, [128], [129].
• Charlemagne, education of, [133].
• Charles V., of Spain, Emperor of Germany, [165], [166].
• Chemistry, taught in Mohammedan schools, [145].
• Child study, [319].
  • home training of early Christians, [94].
  • among Jews, [41], [42].
  • in Athens, [57].
  • in Egypt, [49].
• Children, a sacred trust, [91].
  • in Persia, [37].
  • in Rome, [76], [77].
  • in Sparta, [69].
  • weak, cast out in Sparta, [69], [73].
• Children, in India, [32].
  • belief in transmigration of souls, [22].
  • civilization of [20].
  • classics of, [25].
  • Confucius, [18], [24], [27], [28].
  • conservative character of, [21].
  • criticism of education, [27].
  • degrees in, [25], [26].
  • elementary schools in, [23], [25].
  • examinations in, [26].
  • geography and history of, [20], [21].
  • government and language in, [21].
  • higher education in, [25].
  • home in, [22].
  • lack of toys, [23].
  • motive for education, [52].
  • relation of parents and children, [22], [23].
  • religion in, [21].
  • science and inventions in, [26].
  • treatment of women in, [22].
• China, [20-28].
  • influence of, [96], [97].
  • life and character of, [96], [97].
  • methods of, [97], [98].
  • nature study of, [99].
  • principles of, [90], [91].
  • teacher, [97-100].
  • truth preached by, [99].
  • type of perfect manhood, [16].
  • value of teachings of, [89], [95].
• Christ, disciples of, [92], [93].
  • aim of, [91].
  • Alfred the Great's influence, [130], [131].
  • Basil the Great, [106], [107].
  • Benedictines, [117], [118].
  • catechetical schools, [107].
  • catechumen schools, [104].
  • Charlemagne, [125-129].
  • Chrysostom, [105], [106].
  • church connection with, [101].
  • Clement of Alexandria, [109].
  • conflict with pagan education, [111-115].
  • crusades, [102], [136-138].
  • difficulties in establishment of, [95].
  • feudal education, [132-135].
  • first Christian schools, [104], [105].
  • general view of, [89], [101], [103].
  • importance of individual, [91].
  • lessons and principles of, [90], [91].
  • monastic education, [102], [116-120].
  • Origen, [110].
  • St. Augustine, [114], [115].
  • scholasticism, [121-124].
  • seven liberal arts, [119], [120].
• Christian education, [89-314].
  • See also Renaissance, Humanistic educators, Reformation, Protestant
  • educators, Jesuits, Modern educators, School systems, and sixteenth,
  • seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth century education.
  • Tertullian, [112], [113].
  • Teutonic peoples, instrument of civilization, [103].
  • universities, [139-141].
• Christian education, slow growth of, [92], [93].
• Christiania, university at, [141].
  • lessons of, [90-92].
  • See also Christian education.
• Christianity, influence of, [96], [97].
  • life of, [105].
  • services to education, [101].
• Chrysostom, educational principles of, [105], [106].
  • authority in Renaissance, [150].
  • controls education, [112], [139].
  • corruption of, [151], [152], [166], [168].
  • degradation of, [151], [152].
  • influence of St. Augustine's writings on, [115].
  • supremacy of, [116].
  • the mother of schools, [102].
• Church, animosities between Catholics and Protestants, [200].
  • opposed to pagan literature, [113], [120].
• Church Fathers, direct educational movements, [101].
  • character of, [82].
  • death of, [82].
  • education of, [81].
  • life of, [81].
  • pedagogy of, [83].
  • Philippics of, [82].
  • Roman consul, [82].
  • services to education, [83].
  • works of, studied in monastic education, [119].
• Cicero, called Father of his Country, [82].
• Citizens in Sparta, [68].
• City of God, St. Augustine's, [114].
  • in Trotzendorf's pedagogy, [178].
  • new interest in, [149], [150].
• Classic languages, Humanists revive study, [149].
  • Tertullian excludes, [113].
• Classic literature, revival of study of, [155-157].
  • pupil of Pantaenus, [109].
  • teacher, [109].
• Clement of Alexandria, pedagogy, [109].
• Clermont, Jesuit college of, [183].
• Climate a factor in education, [16].
• Cloister schools established, [118].
• Clothing of children, Locke's rules regarding, [221].
  • in German villages, [292].
  • in Sparta, [71].
• Coeducation, in France, [298].
• Colleges, in United States school system, [312], [313].
• Colloquies, Erasmus's, [162].
  • university of, [141].
• Cologne, cloister school at, [118].
  • Didactica Magna, [213].
  • education of, [211], [212].
  • educational works of, [214].
  • honors bestowed on, [213].
  • influence of, [18].
  • influence of Bacon on, [214].
  • Latin Bohemian dictionary of, [213].
  • member of Moravian Brethren, [211].
  • object teaching of, [189].
  • Pestalozzi applies principles of, [269].
  • reforms of, [204].
  • settles in Poland, [213].
  • summary of his work, [215].
  • trials of, [212].
• Comenius, Johann Amos, banished, [212].
• Commandments, Ten, oldest writing among Israelites, [44].
• Committee of Council on Education, in England, [305].
  • in Germany, [292].
  • in United States, [310].
• Common schools, importance of, [287].
• Commonwealth, established, [200].
• Communes, in French education, [300].
• Compass, invention of, [148].
  • on Jesuit schools, [185], [187].
  • on Jesuits and Jansenists, [189].
  • on La Salle, [228].
  • on Locke, [221].
  • on Montaigne's pedagogy, [198].
  • on Rabelais's Gargantua, [194], [195].
  • on Rousseau, [242], [246].
  • on the Reformation, [166], [167].
  • on the Renaissance, [121].
• Compayré, on Comenius, [214].
• Composition, in Chinese education, [25].
  • Charlemagne introduces, [128].
  • in England, [306].
  • in France, [297], [298].
  • in Germany, [170], [181], [203], [291].
  • in United States, [312].
  • Luther insists on, [174].
• Compulsory education, among Jews, [42].
• Plato's scheme of, [65].
• Conduct of Schools, La Salle's, [228].
• Confessions, Rousseau's, [242], [243].
• Confessions, St. Augustine's, [114].
• Confucius, altar to, in Chinese schoolrooms, [24].
  • influence of, [18], [27].
• Confucius, analects of, [28].
• Conrad III., of Germany, leads second crusade, [137].
• Constance, cloister school at, [118].
• Continuation schools, in Germany, [292].
• Copenhagen, university at, [141].
• Copernicus, astronomical discoveries of, [148], [202].
  • Saracenic school at, [140].
• Cordova, caliphs of, foster education, [145].
  • Basil the Great on, [106].
  • Cicero's views regarding, [83].
  • in Jesuit schools, [186].
  • Quintilian's views regarding, [87].
• Corporal punishment, among Jews, [43].
• Council, Educational, governs French départements, [297].
• Counter-Reformation, [182].
• County, school administration of, [310].
• Cramer, on the crusades, [138].
  • of Chinese education, [27].
  • of Egyptian education, [51].
  • of Feudal education, [135].
  • of Hindu education, [34], [35].
  • of Jesuit education, [188].
  • of Jewish education, [44], [186].
  • of Persian education, [38].
  • of Roman education, [80].
  • of Spartan education, [71].
• Criticism, of Athenian education, [59].
• Cromwell, Commonwealth under, [200].
  • results of, [138].
• Crusades, influence on education, [102], [103], [136-138].
• Curtius, quoted, [72].
  
• Dancing, taught among Jews, [42].
  • birth of, [155].
  • Divine Comedy, [156].
  • education of, [155], [156].
  • humanistic leader of Italy, [155].
  • influence of, [151].
• Dante, banishment of, [156].
  • end of, [148].
• Dark Ages, slow progress during, [101].
• David, founder of Hebrew literature, [44].
• Dean, M. Ida, on schools in India, [33].
• Decimal system originated by Hindus, [34].
• De Garmo, on Herbart as a teacher, [279].
  • in French Universities, [299].
• Degrees in China, [25], [26].
• Demia, Charles, [227].
• Democratic government in Athens, [57].
  • in French school system, [297].
• Départements, erect normal schools, [300].
• Dervishes, in Persia, [38].
• Descartes on Jesuit schools, [186].
• Deserving of Promotion, Chinese degree, [26].
• Dessau, institute at. See Philanthropin.
• Dialectical method, of Socrates, [62].
• Dialogues of the Dead, Fénelon's, [225].
  • See Great Didactic.
• Didactica Magna, Comenius's, [213].
  • in Indian schools, [32].
  • in Jewish schools, [43].
  • in Roman schools, severe, [78].
• Discipline, in Chinese schools, [24].
• Discoveries, during Renaissance, [148].
• District inspector, in German schools, [291].
• District school board, in Germany, [290], [291].
• District system of education, in United States, [311].
• Dittes, quoted, [42], [274].
• Draper, on St. Augustine, [115].
• Drieser, on Quintilian, [86] n.
• Dualistic philosophy, of Zoroaster, [39].
  • leader of scholasticism, [122].
• Duns Scotus, Benedictine leader, [118].
• Dyeing, in ancient Egypt, [47].
  
• Earth, size of, ascertained, [145].
• Eberhard, Count, Reuchlin's friend, [159].
• Education of Girls, Fénelon's, [224].
• Education of Man, Froebel's, [277].
  • antiquity of its history, [47].
  • caste system in, [47-49].
  • criticism of education in, [51].
  • dyeing, embalming, etc., in, [47].
  • geography and history of, [46], [47].
  • higher education in, [50].
  • home in, [49].
  • influence of priests in, [47], [48].
  • mechanic arts in, [47].
  • military class in, [48].
  • motive for education in, [52].
  • pilgrimages to, for study, [47].
  • polygamy in, [49].
  • status of woman in, [49].
• Egypt, [46-52].
• Egyptian education, criticism of, [51].
  • See also Modern educators.
• Eighteenth century education, general view of, [237-240].
• Elementary Book (Elementarbuch), Basedow's, [251], [255].
  • in Athens, [58].
  • in China, [23].
  • in England, [306].
  • in France, [298], [299].
  • in Germany, [192].
  • in India, [32-34].
• Elementary education, among Arabians, [145].
  • in United States, [312].
  • neglected by Jesuits, [184], [187].
• Elementary education in Rome, [77].
• Elizabeth, Queen, taught by Roger Ascham, [190], [192].
• Emerson, on the Middle Ages, [147].
• Émile, Rousseau's, [243-249].
• Emulation, as incentive in Jesuit schools, [186], [188].
  • in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
• Engineering, in Ancient Egypt, [47-50].
  • attendance in schools, [306].
  • educational enterprise in, [308].
  • school system of, [303-308].
  • support of schools in, [307].
  • teachers in, [307], [308].
• England, administration of schools, [305].
• English rule in India, [31].
• Environment, a factor in education, [16], [17].
  • compared with Luther, [162].
  • humanistic leader, [153].
  • life of, [161].
  • literary authority of world, [162].
  • on Agricola, [158].
  • on Melanchthon, [171].
  • pedagogy of, [162], [163].
  • Praise of Folly, [162].
  • studies of, [161].
  • translation of Greek testament, [162].
• Erasmus, Colloquies, [162].
  • university of, [141].
• Erfurt, Francke preacher at, [233].
  • principles of, [122].
• Erigena, leader of scholasticism, [122].
• Ernst of Gotha, Duke, school law of, [203].
• Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Locke's, [221].
• Essays, Montaigne's, [198].
• Essex, benefactor of Bacon, [206].
• Eton, college at, [174], [306].
• Euclid, used in monastic education, [119].
• Eudemon, page in Rabelais's Gargantua, [194].
• Evening Hours of a Hermit, Pestalozzi's, [263].
  • in China, [25], [26].
• Examinations in Athens, [58].
• Exercise, Locke's rules regarding, [221].
  
• Fables, Fénelon's, [225].
• Factory laws, in England, [306].
  • See Home.
• Family, the foundation of education, [17].
  • education of, [34].
  • third caste in Egypt, [48].
• Farmers, caste in India, [30].
  • literature, [113].
• Fathers of church, opposed to pagan
• Faurier, Peter, [227].
• Fear, motive for study in China, [24], [27].
  • education of, [223], [224].
  • Education of Girls, [224].
  • head of convent of new Catholics, [224].
  • pedagogy of, [226], [227].
  • preceptor of grandson of Louis XIV, [224].
  • priest, [224].
  • reforms of, [204].
  • works of, [225].
• Fénelon, compared with Seneca, [225], [226].
• Feudal barons, influence of, [133].
  • criticism of, [135].
• Feudal education, [132-135].
  • defined, [132].
• Feudalism, crusades break power of, [138].
• Fichte, Herbart student of, [279].
• Finances, school, [290].
• Fit for Office, Chinese degree, [26].
• Food of children, Locke's rules regarding, [221].
• Forest of Pencils, Chinese degree, [26].
• Formalism in instruction, [194].
• Forsyth, on Cicero, [81], [82], [83].
  • attendance in schools, [297].
  • mother schools in, [298].
  • normal schools in, [297].
  • school system, [296].
  • support of schools, [299], [300].
  • teachers, [300], [302].
• France, administration of schools, [296], [297].
• Francis I., of France, [165].
  • education of, [232].
  • founds orphan asylum at Halle, [234].
  • Institutions at Halle, [234], [235].
  • organizes teachers' class at Halle, [228].
  • Privat Docent at Leipsic, [232].
  • Real-school, [236].
  • training of teachers, [235].
  • work among poor, [233], [234].
• Francke, August Hermann, called to University of Halle, [233].
• Frankfurt-am-Main, Froebel teaches in, [273].
• Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, leads third crusade, [137].
• Frederick I., recognizes university at Bologna, [140].
  • in Germany, [293].
  • in United States, [313].
• Free schools, established in France, [298-300].
• Freiburg-im-Breisgau, university at, [141].
• French Revolution, lessons of, [239], [264].
  • at Burgdorf, [275].
• Froebel, Friedrich Wilhelm August, as teacher, [273].
  • at Yverdon, [274].
  • Education of Man, Songs for Mother and Nursery, [277],
  • Fénelon anticipates, [226].
  • first school of, [275].
  • influence of, [18].
  • kindergarten of, [276].
  • lectures of, [277].
  • life of, [272], [273].
  • object teaching of, [189].
  • on Pestalozzi, [274].
  • school at Griesheim and Keilhau, [275].
  • soldier, [275].
• Froebel, F. W. A., at Universities of Göttingen and Berlin, [274].
• Fulda, cloister school at, [118].
  
• Galileo, punishment of, [117].
• Gargantua, Rabelais's, [193].
• Gate of Tongues Unlocked, Comenius's, [214].
  • in Milton's scheme of education, [219]
  • in monastic education, [119].
  • Neander favors study of, [179].
• Geography, a factor in education, [16].
  • in catechetical schools, [108].
  • in Jewish schools, [43].
  • in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
  • in monastic education, [119].
• Geometry, discovery of Pythagorean theorem, [73].
  • attendance in schools, [291].
  • effects of [30] Years' War on, [201], [202].
  • humanism in, [157].
  • school system of, [169], [199], [289-295].
  • State assumes responsibility of education, [174].
  • support of schools, [293].
  • teachers in, [294].
• Germany, administration of schools, [289].
• Gibbon, Edward, quoted, [75], [150].
  • Fénelon advocates education of, [226].
  • in Athens, [58].
  • in China, [22].
  • in Egypt, [50].
  • in Rome, [80].
  • in Sparta, [71].
  • sale of, in India, [31].
  • schools for, in Germany, [181].
• Girls, education of, among Jews, [41].
• Glaucha, Francke pastor at, [233].
• Goethe, on the Émile, [249].
• Goldberg, Trotzendorf rector at, [178].
• Göttingen, University of, [280].
  • democratic, in Athens, [57].
  • no control of schools in China, [23].
  • of Romans, [75].
• Government, administrative school board of, in Germany, [290].
• Government, self, in schools, [178], [179].
• Graduate school in United States school system, [312].
  • in Athenian schools, [59].
  • in catechetical schools, [108].
  • in Mohammedan schools, [145].
  • in monastic schools, [119].
• Grammar, study of, begun, [59].
• Gréard on Rousseau, [246].
  • organization of school system in, [215-217].
• Great Didactic, Comenius's, [213], [214].
• Great Teacher, The. See Christ.
  • art and literature in, [54].
  • Athens and Sparta, [54].
  • geography and history in, [53], [54].
  • manners and customs in, [54].
  • Olympian games in, [54], [55].
  • political freedom in, [54].
• Greece, [53-55].
• Greek culture, influence on Rome, [74], [75], [80].
  • in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
  • in pedagogy of Innovators, [204].
  • introduced into Germany, [160].
  • Reuchlin introduces study of, [160].
  • revival of study of, [150], [151], [153].
  • study of, in Rome, [74].
  • taught in Sturm's school course, [176].
• Greek language, importance of, in human culture, [157].
• Greek text-books, Neander's, [180].
• Greifswald, University of, [141].
• Griesheim, Froebel's first school at, [275].
• Gruner, Dr., head master of Model School at Frankfurt-am-Main, [273].
• Guienne, Montaigne studies at, [196].
• Gunpowder, invention of, [148].
• Gutenberg, invents printing, [164].
• Gymnasia, furnished by State in Athens, [58].
  • established by Francke, [234].
  • purpose of, [236] n.
• Gymnasium, course in, [293].
  • in Sparta, [71].
• Gymnastics, taught in Athens, [58].
• 
  
• Hakem III., fosters education, [145].
  • Pietists found university at, [231], [232].
  • teacher's class at, [228].
• Hallam, on Agricola, [158].
• Halle, Institutions at, [234].
• Hamburg, cloister school at, [118].
• Hanlin, Royal Academy, in China, [26].
• Harris, Dr., on Pestalozzi, [271].
  • used in interpreting Scripture, [158], [160].
• Harrow, college at, [174], [306].
• Hebrew, revival of study, [153].
• Hebrew Grammar and Lexicon, Reuchlin's, [159].
• Hecker, founds first Prussian Normal School, [228].
• Hegel, Aristotle compared to, [67].
  • Reuchlin at, [160].
  • University of, [124], [141].
• Hegira, Mohammedanism dates from, [143].
• Heidelberg, center of humanistic movement, [153].
• Heliopolis, institution for higher learning at, [50].
• Héloïse, Rousseau's, [243].
  • in Bremen and Switzerland, [279].
  • life of, [278].
  • literary activity of, [281].
  • on importance of common schools, [287].
  • pedagogy of, [282], [283].
  • practice school at Königsberg, [280].
  • professor of philosophy at Königsberg, [280].
  • student of Fichte, [279].
  • teacher in Switzerland, [279].
• Helots, in Sparta, [68].
• Herbart, Johann Friedrich, enters Gymnasium at Oldenburg, [279].
• Herbartians, work of modern, [282], [318].
• Herford, on Froebel, [276].
• Hesse-Cassel, active in school work, [203].
• Hesse-Darmstadt, active in school work, [203].
  • in United States, [313].
• Hieroglyphics, Rosetta stone furnishes key to interpretation of, [47].
  • in China, [25], [27].
  • in Egypt, [50].
  • in India, [34].
  • in Rome, [79].
• High Schools, connected with common in France, [299].
• Higher education, among Jews, [44].
• Hindu education, criticism of, [34], [35].
  • natural, taught in Jewish schools, [43].
  • Neander favors study of, [179].
  • taught in Roman schools, [78].
  • taught in schools of prophets, [44].
• Hindus. See India.
• History, a factor in education, [16].
  • pilgrimages to, [136].
• Holstein, active in school work, [203].
  • in Athens, [57].
  • in China, [22].
  • in Egypt, [49].
  • in India, [32].
  • in Persia, [37].
  • in Rome, [76].
• Holy Land, of Greece, at Olympia, [55].
  • of Jews, [41].
• Home, foundation of education, [17].
• Home, in Sparta, [69].
• Home training, among early Christians, [94].
• Horace, Roman poet, [74].
  • decline of, [198].
  • in Germany, [157].
  • in Italy, [149-151].
  • Petrarch founder of, [156].
• How Gertrude teaches her Children, Pestalozzi's, [267].
  • Agricola, [158].
  • Boccaccio, [157].
  • Dante, [155].
  • Erasmus, [161].
  • German, [157-163].
  • Italian, [156], [157].
  • mission of, [155].
  • Petrarch, [156].
  • Reuchlin, [159].
• Humanism, art of printing aids, [150].
• Humanistic educators, [155-163].
• Humanities, studied in Jesuit schools, [185].
• Hunziker, Professor, on Pestalozzi, [267], [269].
• Hurst, Bishop, on Melanchthon, [171].
• Huss, reformer, [165].
  
• Ilfeld, Neander's school at, [179].
• Iliad and Odyssey, called Bible of Greeks, [69].
• Illustrated text-books, first, [215], [229].
  • Brahminism and Mohammedanism in, [31].
  • Buddha, [35].
  • caste system in, [30].
  • criticism of education in, [34].
  • elementary schools in, [32-34].
  • English reforms in, [31].
  • geography and history of, [29].
  • higher education in, [34].
  • home in, [32].
  • motive for education in, [52].
  • polygamy in, [31].
  • religious ceremonies in schools, [33].
  • schoolhouses described, [33].
  • skill of craftsmen in, [30], [31].
  • status of woman in, [31].
• Illustration, teaching by, [98].
• India, [29-35].
• Individual, education for, [91].
• Individuality, of children, [88].
• Inductive method, Bacon's, [207], [208], [229].
• Industrial School, Pestalozzi establishes, [262].
• Infant school (école infantine) in France, [298].
  • Pestalozzi's, [269].
• Innocent III., Pope, recognizes University of Paris, [141].
  • Royal, in English school system, [305].
• Inquiries concerning Course of Nature in Development of Mankind,
• Inspector, in German schools, [290], [291].
• Institutes of Oratory, Quintilian's, [87].
• Institutions at Halle, [234].
• Instruction, method of, in India, [33].
  • during Renaissance, [148].
• Introduction, [15-19].
• Inventions, Chinese, [26].
• Isaiah, founder of Hebrew literature, [44].
  • intellectual movement in, [152].
• Israel. See Jews.
  • purpose of, [188].
  • services to education, [189].
• Italy, humanism in, [149-151].
• 
  
• Jansenists, introduce phonic spelling, [189].
  • pilgrimages to, [136].
  • school of rabbis at, [44].
• Jena, center of Herbartian activity, [279], [282].
  • education of, [184].
  • emulation as an incentive, [186].
  • founding of order, [182], [183].
  • growth of society, [184].
  • Loyola, [183].
  • military character of order, [183].
  • opposition of Port Royalists to, [189].
  • school system of, [183-188], [199].
  • spread of power, [184].
  • summary of educational work, [188], [189].
• Jerome of Prague, reformer, [165].
  • compulsory education among, [42].
  • criticism of education, [44].
  • education in home, [17].
  • esteem of teachers, [43].
  • geography and history, [40], [41].
  • higher education among, [44].
  • home of, [41].
  • mission of, [40].
  • motive for education of, [52].
  • prophets, [44].
  • religion of, [41], [42].
  • schools of, [42].
  • schools of the prophets, [44].
  • schools of the rabbis, [44].
  • status of women, [41].
  • the Talmud, [45].
  • theocratic education of, [40].
  • training of children, [41], [42].
• Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom established at, [137].
• Jesuits, criticism of education, [186].
• Jews, [40-45].
• Johnson, Dr., on Ascham's Scholemaster, [190], [191].
• Justinian, abolishes pagan schools, [115].
  
• Kant, Emanuel, quoted, [254], [255], [281].
  • in Prussia, [275].
  • in Switzerland, [276].
  • in United States, [277], [312].
  • prohibited, [275].
  • purpose of, [277].
• Keilhau, Froebel's school at, [275].
  • education of, [133].
  • seven perfections of, [133].
• Kepler, astronomical discoveries of, [202].
• Kindergarten, Froebel founder of, [276].
  • practice school at, [281].
• Knight, chivalry of, [133].
  • used as reading book, [145].
• Knowledge, defined by Confucius, [28].
  • on the sacrifices of Bäbeli, [257].
  • Pestalozzi founds school with, [267].
• Königsberg, Herbart teaches philosophy at, [280].
  • organizes Brothers of the Christian Schools, [227].
  • services to education, [228].
  • simultaneous method introduced, [227].
• Koran, Mohammed writes, [143].
• Krüsi, Hermann, on Pestalozzi, [260], [261], [265], [266].
  • monitorial system of, [307].
• 
  
• La Salle, Conduct of Schools, [228].
• Laborers, third caste in Egypt, [49].
• Lancaster, Joseph, establishes Board Schools, [307].
  • classic, see Latin, Greek, classic languages,
  • double translation in teaching, [199].
  • in pedagogy of Innovators, [204].
  • modern conversational method, [197-199].
  • taught in Egypt, [50].
  • taught in Roman schools, [78].
• Land grants, for educational purposes, [310].
  • in Melanchthon's course, [173].
  • in Milton's pedagogy, [219].
  • in pedagogy of Innovators, [204].
  • in Sturm's school course, [176].
  • in Trotzendorf's school course, [188].
  • revival of study, [151], [153].
• Lang, on Basedow's Book of Method, [255].
• Langethal, Heinrich, joins Froebel, [275].
• Language, Ascham's method for study of, [191].
• Latin, in Locke's system of education, [222].
• Latin Kingdom, established at Jerusalem, [137].
• Latin Schools, Strasburg Gymnasium the model for, [176].
• Latin text-books, Neander's, [180].
  • studied in Egypt, [47].
  • taught in Gymnasia, [293].
  • taught in schools of prophets and rabbis, [44].
• Latini, Brunetto, teacher of Dante, [155].
• Launcelot, leader of Port Royalists, [188].
• Laurie, S. S., quoted, [107], [139], [140].
• Law, in Milton's scheme of education, [220].
• Leibnitz, on Jesuit schools, [187].
• Leipsic, University of, [141].
  • at Pekin, [25].
• Leonard and Gertrude, Pestalozzi's, [263], [264].
• Leopold of Dessau, establishes the Philanthropin, [251].
  • in Athens influences world, [56].
  • lack of Christian, [94].
  • opposition to pagan, [94], [113], [115], [126].
  • pilgrimages to Egypt to study, [47].
• Letters, forms and names to be learned simultaneously, [88].
• Library at Alexandria, [107].
• Literators, in charge of Roman schools, [78].
• Literature, Hebrew, [44].
  • educational works of, [221].
  • Essay Concerning Human Understanding, [221].
  • his influence on education, [223].
  • Montaigne's influence on, [195], [196].
  • reforms of, [204].
  • tutor at Christ Church, [221].
• Literatus, teacher of Roman school, [78].
  • taught in Sturm's school course, [176].
• Local school board in Germany, [291].
• Loci Communes, Melanchthon's, [172].
• Locke, John, education of, [220], [221].
• Logic, in monastic education, [119].
  • compared with Rabelais, [194], [195].
• Lord's Prayer, taught in Charlemagne's reign, [128].
• Louis VII. of France, leads second crusade, [137].
  • contrasted with Erasmus, [162].
  • educational reforms of, [166].
  • influence of, [18].
  • lays foundation of German school system, [169].
  • leader German Reformation, [165].
  • life and struggles of, [167].
  • pedagogy of, [169].
  • professor at Wittenberg, [168].
  • Reuchlin on, [160].
• Loyola, founds Jesuit order, [183].
  • translates Bible, [168].
  • work marked out by, [175].
• Lucretius, [74].
• Lund, university at, [141].
• Luther, Martin, Augustinian monk, [168].
  • laws of, [72].
• Luther, Martin, summoned before Diet of Worms, [168].
• Lutheran churches, schools in connection with, [181].
• Lyceum at Athens, founded by Aristotle, [66].
• Lycurgus, influence in Sparta, [73].
• Lyons, cloister school at, [118].
  
• Macaulay, Lord, on Bacon, [205], [206], [208].
  • at Brown University, [285].
  • at Litchfield, [285].
  • educational campaign of, [286].
  • life of, [284], [285].
  • on common schools, [285].
  • president of Antioch College, [288].
  • Secretary of State Board of Education, [286].
  • services to education, [288].
  • statesman, [285], [288].
• Magi, Persian priests, [37], [38].
• Mainz, university at, [141].
• Malone, John, on Chrysostom, [105].
• Mann, Horace, Annual Reports, [286].
• Manual and industrial training, [320].
• Manual training school, Locke advocates, [222].
  • controlled by State in Sparta, [73].
• Maps, early, [120].
• Marenholtz-Bülow, Bertha von, disciple of Froebel, [277].
• Mariner's compass invented, [148].
• Marriage, Christ's teaching on, [91].
  • normal schools established in, [287].
• Martel, Charles, checks Mohammedanism, [144].
  • discoveries of Hindus, [35].
  • taught in Egypt, [50].
  • taught in Mohammedan schools, [145].
• Martial training, in Sparta, [69-71].
• Martin, on work of Horace Mann, [286].
  • pilgrimages to, [145].
• Massachusetts, new epoch in educational history, [285-287].
  • third caste in India, [30].
• Mathematics, central idea of Pythagorean system, [73].
• Matthison, leader of Philanthropin, [254].
  • taught in Egypt, [50].
  • taught in Gymnasium, [293].
• Mecca, Mohammed's flight from, [143].
• Mechanics, third caste in Egypt, [47], [48].
• Mecklenburg, active in school work, [203].
  • early life and studies of, [171].
  • educational work of, [172], [173].
  • first Protestant psychologist, [173].
  • Greek professor at Wittenberg, [171].
  • lectures at Tübingen, [171].
  • Loci Communes, [172].
  • Saxony school plan, [172], [173].
  • service to schools, [172].
  • text-books, [172].
  • work marked out by, [175].
• Medicine, in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
  • in Cicero's pedagogy, [84].
  • in Fénelon's pedagogy, [226].
  • in humanistic education, [163].
  • in India, [32-34].
• Medicine taught in schools of prophets, [44].
• Medina, Mohammed flees to, [143].
• Melanchthon, Philipp, colaborer of Luther, [170], [171].
• Memory, cultivation of, in Chinese education, [24], [25], [27].
• Memphis, institution for higher learning at, [50].
• Merchants, third caste in India, [30].
• Methodists, purpose of, [231].
• Middendorff, Wilhelm, joins Froebel, [275].
  • in Sparta, [69].
• Middle Ages, progress during, [146], [147].
  • reforms of, [204].
  • scheme of education, [219], [220].
  • teacher, [218].
  • Tractate, [218].
• Military class, in Egypt, [48].
• Military schools, in China, [27].
• Military training, in Persia, [38].
• Milton, John, defines education, [217].
• Mines, schools of, in France, [299].
• Minister of education in France, [290], [296].
  • Basedow, [250-256].
  • Froebel, [272-277].
  • Herbart, [278-283].
  • Mann, [284-288].
  • Pestalozzi, [257-271].
  • Rousseau, [241-249].
• Minnesingers, compositions of, [135].
  • precepts of, [144], [145].
  • spread of doctrines of, [144].
  • writes Koran, [143].
• Missionary enterprise in India, [32].
  • five Moslem precepts, [144].
  • history of Mohammedanism, [143-145].
  • scientific progress made, [145].
• Model school at Frankfurt-am-Main, [273].
  • in India, [31].
• Modern educators, [241-314].
  • benefits to civilization by, [120].
  • center of educational activity, [146].
  • center of religious interest, [120].
  • power of, [116].
  • services to education, [102].
  • suppress scientific discoveries, [116], [117].
• Mohammed, flight of, [143].
• Mohammedan education, [143-147].
• Mohammedanism, history of, [143-145].
  • Essays, [197].
  • influence on Locke, [223].
  • pedagogy of, [195], [197], [198].
• Monasteries, Alfred the Great establishes, [131].
• Monastic education, [116-120].
• Monitorial System, defined, [307].
• Montaigne, education of, [196].
• Montanists, teachings of, [113].
• Monte Cassino, monastery at, [117], [118].
• Moravian Brethren, Comenius member of, [211], [213].
• Moravian School, Comenius teacher of, [212].
  • in Athens, [59].
  • in China, [27], [52].
  • in Egypt, [52].
  • in India, [34], [52].
  • in Persia, [38], [52].
  • in Rome, [80].
  • in Sparta, [69], [71].
• Moses founder of Hebrew literature, [44].
  • during Charlemagne's reign, [128].
  • in Athens, [58], [59].
  • in Egypt, [50].
  • in monastic education, [119].
  • in Sparta, [71].
  • in Sturm's school course, [176].
• Moslemism. See Mohammedanism.
• Mother-school (école maternelle) in France, [298].
• Motive of education, among Jews, [52].
• Music, cultivation of, among Jews, [42].
• 
  
• Nantes, university at, [141].
  • inductive methods lead to, [208].
• Napoleon, quoted, [97].
• National Bureau of Education, in United States, [309], [310].
  • text-books of, [180].
• National Herbart Society in America, [282].
• National Schools, Andrew Bell establishes, [305].
• Nature study, Christ advocates, [99].
• Navigation, in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
• Neander, Michael, teacher at Ilfeld, [179].
• Nero, pupil of Seneca, [84].
  • and School Systems.
• Neuhof, Pestalozzi's experiment at, [261], [262].
• Nicole, leader of Port Royalists, [188].
• Nile, importance to Egypt, [46].
  • in Germany, [290], [294].
  • in Massachusetts, [287].
  • in United States, [314].
  • La Salle establishes first, [228].
  • teachers appointed in, [290].
• Nile, inundations encourage mathematical study, [50].
• Nineteenth century education, general view, [237-240]. See also Modern Educators
• Nisibis, catechetical school at, [107].
  • of Jansenists, [189].
  • Pestalozzi's, [270].
• Nitric acid discovered, [145].
• Normal schools, in France, [297], [300], [301].
• Novum Organum, Bacon's, [207].
  
  • first Christian common school at, [105].
• Obedience, cardinal Chinese virtue, [23].
• Object teaching, beginning of, [266].
• Occam, leader of scholasticism, [122].
• Occupation, a factor in education, [16].
• Odessa, catechetical school at, [107].
  • Quintilian's views regarding, [87].
• Olympia, Holy Land of Greece, [55].
• Olympiad, basis for computing time, [55].
• Olympian games, influence and character of, [54], [55].
• Orations of Cicero, [82], [83].
  • summary of, [51], [52].
• Oratory, ideal of education in Rome, [77], [78], [80].
  • education of, [110].
  • pedagogy of, [110].
  • service to education, [101].
• Orbis Pictus, Comenius's first illustrated text-book, [214], [215].
• Order of Jesus. See Jesuits.
• Oriental civilization, basis of, [89].
• Oriental education, aim of, [91].
  • Locke tutor at, [221].
  • University of, [131], [141].
• Origen, character of, [110].
• Orleans, university at, [141].
• Ormuzd, principle of light in Persian religion, [39].
• Orphan asylum, at Halle, founded, [233], [234].
• Oxford, cloister school at, [118].
• 
  
• Pagan education, conflict with Christian, [111-115].
  • university at, [124], [140], [141].
• Pagan literature, opposition to, [94], [113], [115], [120].
• Pantaenus, establishes catechetical school, [107].
• Pantagruel, Rabelais's, [193].
• Paper, invented, [148].
• Paradise Lost, Milton's, [217].
• Paris, cloister school at, [118].
• Parker, Colonel, on Horace Mann, [284], [286].
• Parliamentary grants for school expenses, [306].
  • on Neander's text-books, [180].
• Parochial schools, [139] n.
• Pascal, leader of Port Royalists, [188].
  • in Rome, [77].
• Pastor, superintendent of German schools, [181].
  • elevated to dignity of a science, [282].
  • of Agricola, [158].
  • of Alfred the Great, [131].
  • of Aristotle, [66], [67].
  • of Ascham, [190-192].
  • of Bacon, [207-209].
  • of Basedow, [251-256].
  • of Basil the Great, [106].
  • of Benedictines, [118], [119].
  • of Boccaccio, [157].
  • of Charlemagne, [127-129].
  • of Christ, [91], [97-100].
  • of Chrysostom, [105].
  • of Cicero, [83].
  • of Clement of Alexandria, [109].
  • of Comenius, [214-217].
  • of Confucius, [28].
  • of Dante, [156].
  • of Erasmus, [162], [163].
  • of Fénelon, [226], [227].
  • of Feudalism, [132-135].
  • of Francke, [234-236].
  • of Froebel, [275-277].
  • of Herbart, [282], [283].
  • of Humanists, [153].
  • of Innovators, [204].
  • of Jesuits, [184-188].
  • of La Salle, [227], [228].
  • of Locke, [221-223].
  • of Loyola, [183].
  • of Luther, [169].
  • of Mann, [285-288].
  • of Melanchthon, [172].
  • of Milton, [218], [219].
  • of Mohammedans, [145].
  • of Montaigne, [195-198].
  • of Neander, [179-181].
  • of Origen, [110].
  • of Pestalozzi, [269-271].
  • of Petrarch, [151].
  • of Plato, [63-65].
  • of Port Royalists, [189].
  • of Pythagoras, [73].
  • of Quintilian, [87].
  • of Rabelais, [194], [195].
  • of Ratke, [211].
  • of Reuchlin, [160].
  • of Rousseau, [243-249].
  • of St. Augustine, [115].
  • of Scholastics, [124].
  • of Seneca, [85].
  • of Socrates, [62].
  • of Sturm, [176], [177].
  • of Tertullian, [113].
  • of Trotzendorf, [178], [179].
• Paul, services to education, [102].
• Paul III., Pope, recognizes Jesuits, [183].
• Paulsen, on John Sturm, [175], [176], [177].
  • in France, [302].
  • in Germany, [294].
• Pedagogium, established by Francke, [234], [236].
  • Athenian statesman, [56].
• Pedagogue, duty of, in Athens, [56], [58].
• Pedagogy, begins with history of education, [15].
  • criticism of education, [38].
  • geography and history, [36].
  • home, religion in, [37].
  • military education in, [16], [38].
  • motive for education in, [52].
  • state education in, [37], [38].
  • status of women in, [37].
  • training of children in, [37].
  • Zoroaster, [39].
• Pekin, royal library at, [25].
• Pendulum, applied to reckon time, [145].
  • Christian ministry, [259].
  • failures of, [259], [260], [262].
  • farming, [260].
  • influence of, [18].
  • law, [260].
  • lesson of love taught by, [271].
  • marriage, [261].
  • Neuhof, experiences at, [262].
  • object teaching of, [189].
  • pedagogy of, [269], [271].
  • purposes of, [259].
  • school at Burgdorf, [266].
  • school at Stanz, [264], [265].
  • school at Yverdon, [267], [268].
  • schooling of, [258].
  • unites with Krüsi, [267].
  • work of, [269].
  • writings of, [263], [264].
• Pensions to teachers, in England, [308].
• Pericles, Age of, [54], [57].
• Perioeci, in Sparta, [68].
  • lays foundation of modern education, [157].
• Persia, [36], [39].
• Persian education, criticism of, [38].
• Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich, childhood and character, [257], [258].
  • failure of, [252-254].
  • purpose of, [252].
• Peter the Hermit, crusade of, [136].
  • leads third crusade, [137].
• Petrarch, father of humanism, [155], [156].
• Petrarch, influence of, [151-153].
• Pfefferkorn, John, antagonism to Hebrew works, [160].
  • in catechetical schools, [108].
  • in Egypt, [47].
  • in gymnasium, [293].
  • in Jesuit schools, [185].
  • in Mohammedan schools, [145].
  • in Roman schools, [78].
  • in schools of prophets, [44].
  • natural, in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
  • of Christ, [98].
  • scholasticism, [124].
• Phaedo, Plato's, [63].
• Philanthropin, established, [251].
• Philip Augustus, of France, aids university at Paris, [141].
  • in Athens, [58].
  • in Erasmus's scheme, [163].
  • in Fénelon's scheme, [226].
  • in Feudalism, [133], [135].
  • in Innovators' scheme, [204].
  • in Locke's scheme, [221], [229].
  • in Luther's scheme, [170].
  • in Milton's scheme, [220].
  • in Persia, [38].
  • in Pestalozzi's scheme, [263].
  • in Plato's scheme, [64], [65].
  • in Rome, [77].
  • in Rousseau's scheme, [244].
  • in Sparta, [70].
• Philippics, of Cicero, [82].
  • purpose of, [231].
• Philosophical discoveries, of Hindus, [35].
  • disciple of Socrates, [63].
  • first systematic scheme of education, [65].
  • founds school at Athens, [63].
  • republic, [63].
  • State to have control of citizens, [64].
  • testimony to Socrates, [62].
• Philosophy, in Athens, [59].
  • in Fénelon's pedagogy, [226].
  • in Froebel's system, [274].
• Phoenicians, invent alphabet, glass making, and purple dyeing, [51].
  • in Roman schools, [78].
  • in schools of prophets, [44].
• Phonic method of spelling, introduced, [189].
• Physical education, in Aristotle's scheme, [66].
• Pietism, influence of, [232].
• Plato, Athenian philosopher, [56].
  • in Egypt, [49].
  • in India, [31].
• Play, educational force in Athens, [57], [60].
• Poetry, in Athens, [57], [59].
  • services to education, [199].
• Poitiers, university at, [141].
• Political freedom of Greeks, [54].
  • at Königsberg, [280].
  • Herbart's, [280].
• Political rights, extension of, [239].
  • university established at, [124], [141].
• Polygamy, in China, [22].
• Polytechnic schools, in China, [27].
• Port Royalists, purpose of, [189].
• Practical training of Roman children, [79].
• Practice school, at Jena, [281].
  • influence on universal education, [150], [164], [165].
• Prague, battle of, [212].
• Praise of Folly, Erasmus's, [162].
• Prerau, Moravian School at, [212].
• Priests, influence in Egypt, [47], [48].
• Primary education. See Elementary Education.
• Printing, invented, [26], [148].
• Printing press, invented, [148].
  • Gymnasium at Strasburg, [175].
  • Melanchthon's course of study, [174].
  • Neander, [179].
  • Sturm, [175].
  • Trotzendorf, [178]. See also Humanistic Educators and Reformation.
• Privat Docent, in German universities, [232] n. 2.
• Progymnasia, in Germany, [292] n.
  • spread of, checked, [182].
• Pronunciation, in Roman education, [76], [78].
• Prophets, schools of, [44].
• Prorealgymnasia, [292] n.
  • school system of, [128], [289-295].
• Protestant educators, [174-181].
• Protestant Reformation, [165-173].
• Protestantism, spirit of, among common people, [200].
• Protogenes, establishes school at Odessa, [105].
  • in England, [306].
  • in France, [298].
  • in Germany, [293].
  • in Massachusetts, [286].
• Provinces, thirteen royal, school administration in, [290].
  • in United States, [313].
  • Quintilian advocates, [88].
• Prussia, kindergarten in, [275], [276].
  • Cicero's views regarding, [83].
  • Fénelon's views regarding, [226].
  • in Jesuit schools, [186].
  • Montaigne's views regarding, [196], [197].
  • Quintilian's views regarding, [87].
  • Seneca's views regarding, [85].
  • See also Corporal Punishment.
• Psalms, translated into Anglo-Saxon, [131].
• Ptolemaic system of astronomy, [148].
  • number of, fixed by State in Athens, [58].
• Ptolemies, found Alexandrian library, [50].
• Public schools, first Christian, [105], [107].
  • mathematical system of, [73].
  • philosophy of, [73].
• Public schools, in Rome, [78].
• Punishment, Basil the Great's views regarding, [106].
  • on Basedow's system, [254].
  • on demands of Reformers, [204].
  • on Jesuit education, [186], [187].
  • on Milton, [218].
  • on Pestalozzi, [258], [268], [269], [270].
  • on Ratke, [209], [211].
  • on Rousseau's hatred of books, [241].
  • on the Philanthropin, [251], [252].
• Pupil teachers, [307].
  • founds school at Rome, [86].
  • Institutes of Oratory, [87].
  • pedagogy of, [87].
  • receives title of Professor of Oratory, [86].
  • works of, studied in monastic education, [119].
• Pupils, number assigned to one teacher among Jews, [43].
• Puritans, struggles with established church, [200].
• Pythagoras, life of, [73].
  • friend of Calvin, [193].
  • Gargantua and Pantagruel, [193].
  • influence of Locke on, [223].
  • introduces realism into education, [194].
  • life of, [192], [193].
  • pedagogy of, [194].
• 
  
• Quadrivium, second course in seven liberal arts, [118], [119].
• Quick, on Ascham, [192].
• Quintilian, education and life of, [86].
  • pedagogy of, [211].
  • reforms of, [204].
• Quincy Movement, the, [317].
  
• Rabbis, schools of, [44].
  • in Chinese schools, [24].
  • in Jewish schools, [43].
  • in monastic schools, [119].
  • in Persian schools, [38].
  • in Roman schools, [78].
  • in schools of India, [32].
  • not taught in Sparta, [71].
  • taught during Charlemagne's reign, [128].
  • taught by Quintilian, [88].
• Rabelais, compared with Lucretius, [194], [195].
  • founded, [236].
• Ramadan, fast of, [144].
• Ramsauer, on Pestalozzi's method of teaching, [266].
• Ratio Studiorum, of Jesuits, [186].
  • conditions at beginning of sixteenth century, [164].
  • instills love for religious liberty, [200].
  • intellectual conditions, [166].
  • invention of printing, [165].
  • Luther, [167-169].
  • Melanchthon, [170-173].
  • spread of educational ideas of, [180].
• Ratke, method of teaching language, [209], [210].
• Raumer, on Comenius, [213].
• Reading, in Athenian schools, [58].
  • on Herbart's pedagogy, [278], [282].
  • practice school under, [281].
• Real-school in Germany, course in, [293].
  • Chinese, [21], [28].
  • Christian. See Christianity.
  • in Egypt, [48], [50].
  • in India, [31], [35].
  • in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
  • in Persia, [37], [39].
  • of Jews, [41], [42], [45].
  • of Romans, [75].
  • taught in Sturm's school course, [177].
• Real-gymnasia, [292] n.
• Realism, in education, [194].
  • in Egypt, [50].
  • in German schools, [170].
  • Rousseau's views regarding, [247], [248].
  • See also Christian education.
• Reformation, as an educational influence, [164-174], [199].
• Registration, book of, in French schools, [299].
  • defined, [148], [173].
  • humanistic movement, [149-163].
  • influence on Teutonic race, [149].
  • inventions and discoveries during, [149], [150].
  • revival of classics, [150].
  • universal education advocated, [150], [151].
• Reichstag, school interests represented in, [290].
  • introduces Greek into Germany, [160].
  • professor at Tübingen, [159].
  • services to Hebrew learning, [159].
  • teacher of Melanchthon, [171].
• Rein, Professor Wilhelm, chief exponent of Ziller school, [281].
• Religion, center of school course, [181].
  • French, [239], [264].
  • of 1688, [200].
• Religious freedom attained, [201], [240].
• Religious instruction, Cicero advocates, [84].
  • in catechetical schools, [108].
  • in monastic education, [119].
  • in Sturm's school course, [176].
  • the climax of education, [88].
• Removal of teachers, causes for, [294], [301].
• Renaissance, [148-173].
  • Montaigne's opposition to, [196], [197].
  • used in Roman schools, [78].
• Reuchlin, humanistic leader, [153].
• Revival of learning. See Renaissance.
• Revolution, American, lessons of, [239].
  • Cicero, [81-84].
  • Quintilian, [86-88].
  • Seneca, [84-86].
• Rheims, first normal school established at, [228].
  • Age of Augustus, [74], [75].
  • birth of Christ, [74].
  • criticism of education, [80].
  • education in, [77-79].
  • educators of, [81-88].
  • government in, [75].
  • home in, [76].
  • home training of children, [76], [77].
  • influence of Greek culture on, [74].
  • oratory highest art in education, [77], [80].
  • persecution of Christians, [94].
  • philosophers from, visit Museum of Alexandria, [50], [51].
  • practical training of children, [79].
  • religion of, [75].
  • supremacy of, [74].
  • utility the aim of education, [79].
  • woman's status in, [90].
• Rhetoric, in Athenian schools, [59].
• Richard the Lion-Hearted, leads third crusade, [137].
• Rod, discipline of, in China, [24].
• Rollin, reforms of, [204].
• Roman church, duty of, to education, [182].
• Roman educators, [81-88].
  • influenced by Montaigne, [195], [196].
  • life of, [241], [242].
  • on Christ, [97].
  • on education of women, [248].
  • pedagogy of, [243].
• Rome, [74-80].
  • scheme of education, as outlined in Émile, [244-248].
  • works of, [243].
• Rosetta stone, furnishes key to interpretation of hieroglyphics, [47].
• Rostock, University of, [141].
• Rote learning, in Chinese schools, [24].
• Rouen, cloister school at, [118].
• Roundheads, struggles with cavaliers, [200].
• Rousseau, Jean Jacques, Émile, [244-248].
• Rousseau, Jean Jacques, Pestalozzi applies principles of, [269], [270].
  • in France, [300], [302].
  • in Germany, [295].
  • in United States, [314].
• Rugby, college, founded at, [174], [306].
• Russia, serfs freed in, [238].
  
• St. Augustine. See Augustine, St.
• St. Gall, cloister school at, [118], [120].
• Saint-Simon, on Fénelon, [224].
• Saladin, captures Jerusalem, [137].
  • schools of, [140].
• Salaries of teachers, in England, [308].
• Salerno, university at, [140].
  • on Aristotle, [67].
  • on corruption of the church, [151].
  • on culture, [43].
  • on emancipation of the individual, [52].
  • on history of humanity, [15], [16].
  • on Johann Sturm, [177].
  • on St. Augustine's Confessions, [114].
  • on scholasticism, [123].
  • on teachings of Jesus Christ, [97], [100].
  • on the Émile, [249].
• Sallust, Roman writer, [74].
  • defined, [121].
  • downfall of, [123].
• Salzburg, cloister school at, [118].
• Salzmann, leader of Philanthropin, [254].
  • in France, [297], [298].
  • in Germany, [291], [292].
  • in United States, [311], [312].
• Sanskrit, language of India, [30], [34].
  • in France, [296].
  • in Germany, [290], [291].
  • in United States, [310].
• Saracens, conquer Holy Land, [136].
• Saxony School Plan, principles of, [172], [173], [174], [177].
• Schmidt, Karl, on Alfred the Great, [130].
  • in Germany, [292].
• Scholasticism, benefits of, [123], [124].
  • public, none in China, [23].
• Scholemaster, Roger Ascham's, [190].
• School attendance, in England, [306].
• School board, in England, [305].
• School fund in United States, [309].
• School government, Trotzendorf's reforms in, [178], [179].
  • of England, [304-308].
  • of France, [296-303].
  • of Germany, [289-295].
  • of United States, [309-314].
• School hours, in Athens, [58], [60].
  • catechetical, [107].
  • catechumen, [104].
  • cathedral, [139] n.
  • charity, in China, [23].
  • church, [102], [181].
  • cloister, [118].
  • common, [78], [88], [105], [107], [181], [286], [287], [292], [293], [298], [313].
  • elementary. See Elementary Schools.
  • established in Germany, [180].
  • graduate, in United States, [312].
  • Gymnasium, in Germany, [293].
  • high. See High Schools.
  • in Athens, under state inspection, [58], [60].
  • industrial, for poor, [262].
  • infant, in France, [298].
  • Jesuit, [183-188].
  • Jewish, [42].
  • manual training, [222].
  • Mohammedan, [145], [146].
  • mother, in France, [298].
  • national, in England, [305].
  • normal. See Normal Schools.
  • of mines, in France, [299].
  • of the prophets, [44].
  • of the rabbis, [44].
  • pagan, abolished, [115].
  • parochial, [139] n.
  • primary, in France, [298], [299].
  • public. See Public Schools.
  • Real, in Germany, [236], [293].
  • secondary, in United States, [312].
  • summer, in United States, [313].
  • support of, in England, [306], [307].
  • support of, in France, [299], [300].
  • support of, in Germany, [293].
  • support of, in United States, [313].
  • teachers' salaries in. See Teaching.
  • technical, in France, [299].
  • undergraduate, in United States, [312].
  • voluntary, in England, [306].
• Schoolhouses in India, [33].
• School inspector, in German schools, [290].
  • on scholasticism, [122], [124].
• Schoolmaster, German, position of, [295].
  • on Luther, [183].
• "School of the Palace," established, [127].
  • instrumental in civilization, [239].
  • monastic opposition to, [116].
• School pence, expense of English schools met by, [307].
  • natural, taught in Egypt, [47], [50].
  • of Chinese, [26].
  • Rabelais gives first rank to, [195].
• School system, Comenius's organization of, [215].
• Schools, apprentice in France, [299].
• Schulthess, Anna, marries Pestalozzi, [261].
• Schwegler, on number, [73].
• Schwickerath, on the scholastics, [123].
  • the principle established, [239].
• Science, among ancient Egyptians, [47].
• Science, natural, Neander favors study of, [179].
  • education of, [84].
  • pedagogy of, [85].
  • religious sentiment of, [85].
  • suicide of, [85].
  • tutor of Nero, [84].
• Scientific discoveries, results of, [239].
• Scriptures, Holy, in schools, [217].
• Secondary schools, in United States, [312].
  • marriage of, [32].
• Secular courses of study established, [118].
  • basis of school instruction, [127].
• Self-government of students, Trotzendorf introduces, [178], [179].
• Seminar, in Germany, [281].
• Seneca, compared with Fénelon, [225], [226].
• Sense-realism, Innovators advocate, [224], [229].
• Serapis, temple of, library in, [107], [108].
• Servants, fourth caste in India, [30].
• Seven liberal arts, [118].
• Seventeenth century, education during, [200-236].
• Seventh Annual Report of Horace Mann, [287].
• Shaftesbury, Earl of, friendship with Locke, [221].
  • in Egypt, [49].
  • in Rome, [77].
  • in Sparta, [68].
• Shastas, commentary on Vedas, [31].
• Shrewsbury, school at, [306].
• Siculus Diodorus, Greek writer, [47].
• Simultaneous method, inaugurated, [227].
  • death of, [62], [63].
  • dialectical methods of, [62].
  • doctrines of, [62].
  • influence of, [18].
  • life and home of, [61].
  • methods of teaching, [62].
  • personal appearance of, [61].
  • religious belief of, [62].
• Sixteenth century, education of, [164-199].
• Slavery, abolition of, [238].
• Slaves, in Athens, [56].
• Sleep of children, Locke's rules regarding, [221].
• Sobieski, John, checks Mohammedan advance, [144].
• Social Contract, Rousseau's, [243].
• Socrates, Athenian philosopher, [56].
• Solomon, founder of Hebrew literature, [44].
  • coeducation in, [71].
  • contrasted with Athens, [56].
  • criticism of education, [71].
  • history of, [68].
  • home in, [69].
  • Lycurgus, [72], [73].
  • martial training in, [69], [70], [71].
  • physical education in, [16].
  • State control of children, [69], [70], [73].
  • status of woman in, [69-71].
  • tyranny, the spirit of, [56].
• Solon, Athenian lawgiver, [57].
• Some Thoughts Concerning Education, Locke's, [221].
• Songs, church, [107].
• Songs for Mother and Nursery, Froebel's, [277].
• Sophists, teachers of grammar, [59].
• Soröe, Basedow professor at, [251].
• Sparta, [68-73].
  • controls citizens in Plato's scheme of education, [64].
  • controls education in Persia, [37], [38].
  • controls education of Spartan children, [70].
  • controls schools in Athens, [60].
  • interest of, aim of oriental education, [91].
  • supervises English schools, [306].
  • supports schools in France, [298].
• Spartan education, criticism of, [71].
  • established, [286].
• Spelling, phonic method introduced, [189].
• Spencer, Herbert, on function of education, [217].
• Spener, Philipp Jakob, originator of Pietism, [231].
• Stagira, Aristotle founds school at, [65].
• Stanz, Pestalozzi's school at, [264].
  • Sturm, rector of, [175].
• State, assumes responsibility of education in Germany, [174].
• State Board of Education, duties of, [311].
  • influence of, [177].
  • rector at Strasburg Gymnasium, [175], [176].
  • school course of, [176], [177].
• State school system, in United States, [310].
• State support of public instruction in American schools, [310].
• Stettin, first Prussian normal school at, [228].
• Stoy, Karl Volkmar, establishes practice school at Jena, [281].
• Strasburg Gymnasium, organization of, [175], [176].
  • in France, [299].
  • in Germany, [293].
  • in United States, [313].
• Studia inferiora and superiora of Jesuit schools, [185].
  • on influence of Egyptian priests, [48].
• Sturm, Johann, education of, [175].
  • kindergarten in, [276].
• Sulphuric acid, Arabians discover, [145].
• Summer school, in United States school system, [313].
  • influence of, [45].
  • on discipline of children, [43].
  • origin of sayings in, [44].
• Superintendent of schools, duties of, [310], [311].
• Superstition of Romans, [76].
  • on Thirty Years' War, [201].
• Support of schools, in England, [306].
  • in China, [23], [24].
  • in Egypt, [49], [50].
  • in England, [235], [307].
  • in France, [300-302].
  • in Germany, [290], [291], [293], [294].
  • in India, [32], [33], [34].
  • in Jesuit schools, [185].
  • in Jewish schools, [43].
  • in Mohammedan schools, [146].
  • in Persia, [38].
  • in United States, [313].
  • professional training of, [163], [170], [188], [228], [235], [280], [294], [307], [313].
  • salaries of, [58], [59], [286], [295], [300-302], [308], [313].
  • tenure of office of, [294], [302], [307], [314].
• Swinton, on antiquity of Egyptian history, [47].
• Switzerland, Herbart in, [279].
• 
  
• Talich, Hermann, school course of, [176] n.
  • in France, [302].
  • in Germany, [294].
  • in United States, [314].
• Talmud, extracts from, [45], [46].
  • conversion of, [112].
  • founder of Christian Latin literature, [113].
  • joins Montanists, [113].
• Tax for schools, in United States, [313].
• Taylor, Bayard, on Charles V., Emperor of Germany, [166].
• Teachers, in Athens, [58], [59].
• Teacher's Institute, in United States school system, [313].
• Technical schools, in France, [299].
• Telemachus, Fénelon's, [225].
• Tenure of office of teachers, in England, [307].
• Tertullian, birth of, [112].
  • in Jesuit schools, [185].
  • in schools of rabbis, [44].
• Testament, Greek, Erasmus's translation, [162].
• Testament, Old, books of, stimulated by prophets, [44].
• Teutonic nations, leaders in civilization, [103], [149].
• Text-book, first illustrated, [215].
• Thales, father of philosophy, [73].
• Thebes, institution for higher learning at, [50].
  • of Athenian children, [57].
  • of Persians, [57].
  • of Spartans, [69].
• Theocratic education, of Jews, [40].
• Theology, in Gymnasium, [293].
• Thirty Years' War, [201], [212].
• Toga virilis, when assumed, [79].
• Toulouse, university at, [141].
• Tours, cloister school at, [118].
• Township system of education, in United States, [311].
• Toys, lack of, in China, [23].
  • taught by Mohammedans, [145].
• Tractate on Education, Milton's, [217], [218].
• Tradesmen's castes, in India, [30].
  • life of, [178].
  • pupil of Melanchthon, [178].
  • rector at Goldberg, [178].
• Tradespeople, third caste in Egypt, [48].
  • university at, [141].
• Training school, in United States, [313].
• Translation, double, for language study, [192].
• Transmigration of souls, Chinese belief in, [22].
• Trier, university at, [141].
  • attendance in schools, [311].
  • education in, [309-314].
  • land grants for education, [309], [310].
  • State system, [309], [310].
  • support of schools, [313].
  • teachers, [313], [314].
• Trigonometry, in Milton's scheme of education, [219].
• Trivium, first course in seven liberal arts, [118], [119].
• Trotzendorf, Valentine, discipline and methods of, [178].
• Tübingen, center of humanistic movement, [153], [159].
  • in England, [306].
  • in United States, [312], [313].
  • preparation for, in Germany, [293].
  • privileges granted to, [142].
  • rise of, [139-142].
  • services of, [142].
  • State, in France, [299].
• Twelve Tables, of Roman Law, [76].
  
• Undergraduate school, in United States, [312].
• Understanding, development of, [189].
  • reading lessons from, [33].
• United States, administration of schools, [310].
• Universal education, advocated by Charlemagne, [128], [131].
• Universal education, in German schools, [131], [170].
• Universal German Educational Institute, at Griesheim, [275].
• Universities, established through scholastic influence, [124].
• Upsala, university at, [141].
  
  • on Fénelon, [227].
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• 
  
• Zeus, Olympian festivals in honor of, [55].
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A SYSTEM OF PEDAGOGY

By EMERSON E. WHITE, A.M., LL.D.

Elements of Pedagogy	$1.00
School Management and Moral Training	1.00
Art of Teaching	1.00

By the safe path of experience and in the light of modern psychology the ELEMENTS OF PEDAGOGY points out the limitations of the ordinary systems of school education and shows how their methods may be harmonized and coördinated. The fundamental principles of teaching are expounded in a manner which is both logical and convincing, and such a variety and wealth of pedagogical principles are presented as are seldom to be found in a single text-book.

¶ SCHOOL MANAGEMENT discusses school government and moral training from the standpoint of experience, observation, and study. Avoiding dogmatism, the author carefully states the grounds of his views and suggestions, and freely uses the fundamental facts of mental and moral science. So practical are the applications of principles, and so apt are the concrete illustrations that the book can not fail to be of interest and profit to all teachers, whether experienced or inexperienced.