6. Education was based on authority, and free investigation found but little encouragement, except among the scholastics.
7. The State assumed no part in the training of the young. Charlemagne's educational work is an exception to this rule. He asserted the prerogative of the State to control education, recognized the necessity of universal education, and the principle of compulsory attendance.
8. The crusades checked the growth of feudalism, aroused the intellectual as well as the spiritual energies of the people, led to a broader conception of man's duty to his fellow-man, and prepared the way for greater religious and political freedom.
9. As an important result of the stimulated educational activity, both among Christians and Mohammedans, many universities were founded.
10. "The Middle Ages," says Emerson, "gave us decimal numbers, gunpowder, glass, chemistry, and gothic architecture, and their paintings are the delight and tuition of our age."[49]
FOOTNOTES:
[49] Emerson, Progress of Culture in "Letters and Social Aims," p. 204. Boston, 1895.