Univ. “students”; m = successful; x = diligent; y = ignorant.


“All x are m;
All y are m′.”


∴ “All x are y′;
All y are x′.”

i.e. “All diligent students are learned; and all ignorant students are idle”.

[pg065](4) [see [p. 63]]

“Of the prisoners who were put on their trial at the last Assizes, all, against whom the verdict ‘guilty’ was returned, were sentenced to imprisonment;

Some, who were sentenced to imprisonment, were also sentenced to hard labour”.

Univ. “prisoners who were put on their trial at the last Assizes”, m = sentenced to imprisonment; x = against whom the verdict ‘guilty’ was returned; y = sentenced to hard labour.


“All x are m;
Some m are y.”

There is no Conclusion.

[Review Tables VII, VIII ([pp. 48], [49]). Work Examples § 1, 17–21 ([p. 97]); § 4, 1–6 ([p. 100]); § 5, 1–6 ([p. 101]).]

[pg066]§ 3.