The Project Gutenberg eBook, Grave-mounds and Their Contents, by Llewellynn Frederick William Jewitt
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GRAVE-MOUNDS AND THEIR CONTENTS.
CIB HILL TUMULUS, NEAR ARBOR-LOW, DERBYSHIRE.
Grave-mounds and their Contents:
A MANUAL OF ARCHÆOLOGY,
AS EXEMPLIFIED IN THE
BURIALS OF THE CELTIC, THE ROMANO-BRITISH, AND
THE ANGLO-SAXON PERIODS.
BY
LLEWELLYNN JEWITT, F.S.A.,
ETC., ETC.
With nearly Five Hundred Illustrations.
LONDON:
GROOMBRIDGE AND SONS,
5, PATERNOSTER ROW.
1870.
TO
MY OLD AND MUCH-ESTEEMED FRIEND,
JOSEPH MAYER, Esq.,
FELLOW OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON;
FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NORTHERN ANTIQUARIES
OF COPENHAGEN;
FELLOW OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY;
MEMBER OF THE SOCIETIES OF ANTIQUARIES OF
FRANCE, NORMANDY, THE MORINI,
ETC., ETC., ETC.;
ONE OF THE MOST ARDENT AND ZEALOUS OF ARCHÆOLOGISTS,
AND MOST KINDLY OF MEN;
THE PRINCELY DONOR TO THE PUBLIC
OF THE FINEST AND MOST EXTENSIVE
MUSEUM OF ANTIQUITIES
EVER COLLECTED TOGETHER BY A SINGLE INDIVIDUAL;
I, WITH TRUE PLEASURE,
Dedicate this Volume.
LLEWELLYNN JEWITT.
CONTENTS.
| [CHAPTER I.] | |
|---|---|
| Page | |
| Grave-mounds in general—Their Historical Importance—GeneralSituation—Known as Barrows, Houes, Tumps, and Lows—Listof Names—Division into Periods | 1 |
| [CHAPTER II.] | |
| Ancient British or Celtic Period—General characteristics of theBarrows—Modes of construction—Interments by inhumationand by cremation—Positions of the Body—Hitter Hill Barrow—EllipticalBarrow at Swinscoe—Burial in contractedposition—In sitting and kneeling positions—Double Interments | 6 |
| [CHAPTER III.] | |
| Ancient British or Celtic Period—Interment by cremation—Discoveryof lead—Burial in Urns—Positions of Urns—Heaps ofburnt Bones—Burnt Bones enclosed in cloth and skins—StoneCists—Long-Low—Liff’s-Low, etc.—Pit Interments—Tree-coffins | 31 |
| [CHAPTER IV.] | |
| Ancient British or Celtic Period—Sepulchral Chambers of Stone—Cromlechs—ChamberedTumuli—New Grange and Dowth—TheChannel Islands—Wieland Smith’s Cave, and others—StoneCircles—For what purpose formed—Formation of Grave-mounds—Varietiesof Stone Circles—Examples of differentkinds—Arbor-Low, etc. | 50 |
| [CHAPTER V.] | |
| Ancient British or Celtic Period—Pottery—Mode of manufacture—Arrangementin classes—Cinerary or Sepulchral Urns—FoodVessels—Drinking-cups—Incense Cups—Probably SepulchralUrns for Infants—Other examples of Pottery | 83 |
| [CHAPTER VI.] | |
| Ancient British or Celtic Period—Implements of Stone—Celts—StoneHammers—Stone Hatchets, Mauls, etc.—TrituratingStones—Flint Implements—Classification of Flints—Jet articles—Necklaces,Studs, etc.—Bone Instruments—BronzeCelts, Daggers, etc.—Gold articles | 109 |
| [CHAPTER VII.] | |
| Romano-British Period—General Characteristics—Modes of Burial—Customsattendant on Burial—Interments by cremation andby inhumation—Barrows—Tombs of Stone—Lead Coffins—Clayand Tile Coffins—Sepulchral Inscriptions, etc. | 134 |
| [CHAPTER VIII.] | |
| Romano-British Period—Pottery—Durobrivian Ware—UpchurchWare—Salopian Ware—Pottery found at Uriconium—Potteriesof the New Forest, of Yorkshire, and of other places—SepulchralUrns—Domestic and other vessels | 151 |
| [CHAPTER IX.] | |
| Romano-British Period—Pottery—Samian Ware—Potters’ Stamps—Varietiesof Ornamentation—Glass Vessels—SepulchralVases, etc.—Lachrymatories—Bowls—Beads—Coins foundwith Interments | 175 |
| [CHAPTER X.] | |
| Romano-British Period—Arms—Swords—Spears, etc.—Knives—Fibulæ—Armillæ—Torquesof Gold, etc.—Other PersonalOrnaments | 190 |
| [CHAPTER XI.] | |
| Anglo-Saxon Period—Distribution of Anglo-Saxon Population overEngland—General characteristics of Grave-mounds—Modes ofBurial—Poem of Beowulf—Interments by cremation and byinhumation—Articles deposited with the Dead—Positions ofthe Body—Double and other Interments—Burial in Urns—Cemeteriesand Barrows | 202 |
| [CHAPTER XII.] | |
| Anglo-Saxon Period—Pottery, general characteristics of—CineraryUrns—Saxon Urn with Roman Inscription—Frankish and otherUrns—Cemeteries at Kings Newton, etc.—Mode of manufacture—ImpressedOrnaments | 214 |
| [CHAPTER XIII.] | |
| Anglo-Saxon Period—Glass Vessels—Drinking-glasses—Tumblers—Ale-glasses—Beads—Necklaces—Ear-rings—Coins,etc. | 228 |
| [CHAPTER XIV.] | |
| Anglo-Saxon Period—Arms—Swords—Knives—Spears—Shields—Umbonesof Shields—Buckles—Helmets—Benty-Grange Tumulus—TheSacred Boar—Grave at Barlaston—EnamelledDiscs and pendant Ornaments, etc.—Horse-shoes | 236 |
| [CHAPTER XV.] | |
| Anglo-Saxon Period—Fibulæ—Enamelled circular Fibulæ—GoldFibulæ—Pendant Cross—Cruciform Fibulæ—Penannular Fibulæ—Irishand English examples—Pendant Ornaments, etc. | 266 |
| [CHAPTER XVI.] | |
| Anglo-Saxon Period—Buckets—Drinking-cups of wood—BronzeBowls—Bronze Boxes—Combs—Tweezers—Châtelaines—GirdleOrnaments—Keys—Hair-pins—Counters, or Draughtmen,and Dice—Querns—Triturating Stones, etc.—Conclusion | 280 |