Essay on the Principles of Translation - Lord Alexander Fraser Tytler Woodhouselee

INDEX

A
Ablancourt, his translations excellent, [120]
——, his just observations on translation, [120]
Adrian, his Address to his Soul, [126]
Alembert, D’, quoted, [13]
——, his translations from Tacitus, [15 et seq.] [34]
Alis et Alexis, romance, [129]
Aldrich, Dr., his translation of a humorous song, [202]
Ambiguous expressions, how to be translated, [17]
Ancient translation, few specimens of, existing at present, [4]
Anguillara, beautiful passage from his translation of Ovid’s Metamorphoses, [128]
Anthologia, translation of an epigram from, by Webb, [88]
Aratus, Phenomena of, translated by Cicero, [2]
Arias Montanus, his version of the Scriptures, [67]
Atterbury, his translation of Horace’s dialogue with Lydia, [85]
B
Barnaby, Ebrii Barnabæ Itinerarium, [202]
Batteux, Abbé, remarks on the art of translation, [3], [4], [112]
Beattie, Dr., his remark on a passage of Dryden, [58];
his remark on Castalio, [66]
Beattie, J. H., his translation of Pope’s Messiah quoted, [90]
Bible, translations of, [64 et seq.] See [Castalio], [Arias Montanus]
Bourne, Vincent, his translation of Colin and Lucy, [23];
of William and Margaret, [80];
of Chloe hunting, [82]
Brown, Thomas, his translations from Lucian, [118]
Buchanan, his version of the Psalms, [145]
Burlesque translation, [197 et seq.]
Butler. See [Hudibras]
C
Campbell, Dr., preliminary dissertation to a new translation of the Gospels, [3], cited [64 et seq.]
Casaubon, his translation of Adrian’s Address to his Soul, [126]
Castalio, his version of the Scriptures, [65]
Cervantes. See [Don Quixote]
Chaulieu, his beautiful Ode on Fontenai quoted, [181]
Chevy-chace, whimsical translation of, [203]
Cicero had cultivated the art of translation, [1];
translated Plato’s Timæus, Xenophon’s Œconomics, and the Phenomena of Aratus, [2]
——, epistles of, translated by Melmoth, [17], [28], [32]
Claudian, translation from, by Hughes, [89]
Colin and Lucy, translated by Bourne, [23];
by Le Mierre, see [Appendix, No. 1]
Colloquial phrases, [135 et seq.]
Congreve, translation from Horace cited, [57]
Cotton, his translation of Montaigne cited, [138];
his Virgil travesty, [201]
Cowley, translation from Horace cited, [56]
Cumberland, Mr., his excellent translations of fragments of the ancient Greek dramatists, [90 et seq.]
Cunighius, his translation of the Iliad cited, [49], [55]
D
Definition or description of a good translation, [8]
Delille, or De Lille, his opinion as to the liberty allowed in poetical translation, [46];
his translation of the Georgics cited, [61], [73]
Denham, his opinion of the liberty allowed in translating poetry, [35];
his compliment to Fanshaw, [43]
Descriptions, containing a series of minute distinctions, extremely difficult to be translated, [188]
Diphilus, fragment of, translated by Mr. Cumberland, [91]
Don Quixote, difficulty of translating that romance, [150];
comparison of the translations of, by Motteux and Smollet, [151 et seq.]
Dryden improved poetical translation, [44];
his translation of Lucian’s dialogues, [29], [118];
his translation of Virgil cited, [30], [57], [58], [72];
his translation of Du Fresnoy on painting, [59], [110];
his translations from Horace, [59], [125];
his translation of Tacitus, [70];
translation from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, [76]
Duclos, a just observation of, [14]
Du Fresnoy’s Art of Painting admirably translated by Mr. Mason, [27];
translation of, by Dryden, [59], [110]
E
Echard, his translation of Plautus cited, [77], [143 et seq.]
——, his translation of Terence cited, [138], [140], [143 et seq.]
Ellipsis more freely admitted in Latin than in English, [105]
Epigrams sometimes incapable of translation, [147]
Epigram from Martial well translated, [53]
Epistolæ obscurorum virorum, [68]
Epithets used by Homer, sometimes mere expletives, [31]
F
Fanshaw praised as a translator by Denham, [43];
his translation of Pastor Fido cited, [44]
Fenelon’s Telemachus, [108]
Festus de verborum significatione, [13]
Florid writing, [179], [192]
Folard, his commentary on Polybius erroneous from his ignorance of the Greek language, [11]
Fontaine, La, his character as a fabulist drawn by Marmontel, [185]
——, his fables cited, [184], [188]
Fontaines, Abbé des, his translation of Virgil, [69]
Fontenelle, his translation of Adrian’s Address to his Soul, [127]
Fresnoy. See [Du Fresnoy].
G
Girard, Synonymes François, [14]
Gordon’s Tacitus cited, [19], [104];
his injudicious imitation of the Latin construction, [19], [104]
Greek language admits of inversions which are inconsistent with the genius of the English, [104]
Guischardt has demonstrated the errors in Folard’s commentary on Polybius, [11]
H
Hobbes, his translation of Homer cited, [50], [71], [146]
Hogæus, Paradisus Amissus Miltoni cited, [61]
Holland’s translation of Pliny cited, [191]
Homer, his epithets frequently mere expletives, [32]
Homer, characteristics of his style, [69]
——, Pope’s translation of the Iliad cited, [25], [31], [46 et seq.], [60], [71], [73] (see [Cunighius], [Hobbes]);
Mr. Pope departs sometimes from the character of Homer’s style, [69];
translation of the Odyssey cited, [146];
Macpherson’s Homer cited, [105], [108]
Horace, translations from, cited. Vide [Jonson], [Roscommon], [Dryden], [Congreve], [Nivernois], [Hughes]
Hudibras, remarkable combination of wit and humour in that poem, [213];
Voltaire has attempted to translate some passages of that poem, [214 et seq.];
excellent French translation of that poem cited, [215]
Hughes’s translation from Claudian cited, [89];
ditto from Horace, [130]
I
Ideas superadded to the original by the translator—examples of, from Bourne, [23];
from Pope’s Homer, [25];
from his imitations of Horace, [27];
from Johnston’s version of the Psalms, [25];
from Mason’s Du Fresnoy on Painting, [27];
from Malherbe, [28];
from Melmoth’s Cicero’s Epistles, [27];
from Dryden’s Lucian, [29]
Ideas retrenched from the original by the translator—examples of, from Dryden’s Virgil, [30];
from Pope’s Iliad, [31];
from Melmoth’s Cicero’s Epistles, [32], [33]
The liberty of adding to or retrenching from the ideas of the original, is more allowable in poetical than in prose translation, [35];
and in lyric poetry more than any other, [123]
Idiomatic phrases, how to be translated, [135];
the translation is perfect, when corresponding idioms are employed, [137];
examples from Cotton’s translation of Montaigne, from Echard, Sterne, [138 et seq.];
licentiousness in the translation of idioms, [140];
examples, [141];
translator’s resource when no corresponding idioms are to be found, [147]
Iliad. See [Homer]
Isidorus Hispalensis, Origines, [13]
J
Jonson, Ben, translation from Horace, [36 et seq.]
Johnston, Arthur, his translation of the Psalms, [25], [144]
Jortin, Dr., translation from Simonides, [85]
Juvenal, translation of, by Holiday cited, [38]
L
Latin language admits of a brevity of expression which cannot be successfully imitated in English, [96];
it admits of inversions, which are inconsistent with the genius of the English, [104];
admits of ellipsis more freely than the English, [105]
L’Estrange, his translations from Seneca cited, [78]
Lowth, Dr., his imitation of an ode of Horace, [124]
Lucan. See [May], [Rowe].
Lucian, Francklin’s translation of, cited, [118 et seq.];
Dryden’s, Brown’s, &c., [117 et seq.]
M
Macpherson’s translation of the Iliad, [105], [108]
Malherbe cited, [28]
Markham, Dr., his imitation of Simonides, [87]
Mason’s translation of Du Fresnoy’s Art of Painting, [27]
May, his translation of Lucan, [39 et seq.];
compared with Rowe’s, [41]
Melmoth, one of the best of the English translators, [32], [114 et seq.];
his translation of Cicero’s Epistles cited, [17], [28], [32], [96], [98], [114], [147];
his translation of Pliny’s Epistles cited, [33], [97], [116], [117], [147];
his unjust censure of a passage in Mr. Pope’s version of the Iliad, [31]
Milton, his translation of Horace’s Ode to Pyrrha, [43], [App. No. 2]
——, a passage from his tractate on education difficult to be translated with corresponding simplicity, [179];
his Paradise Lost cited, [177] (see [Hogæus]);
his Comus cited, [178]
Moncrif, his ballad of Alexis et Alis, [129]
Montaigne, Cotton’s translation of, cited, [138]
Motteux, his translation of Don Quixote compared with that of Smollet, [151 et seq.];
his translation of Rabelais, [222]
Murphy, his translation of Tacitus cited, [17], [19], [99 et seq.]
N
Naïveté, in what it consists, [183], [185];
the fables of Phædrus are remarkable for this character, [183];
as are those of La Fontaine, [184], [185];
naïveté of particular phrases very difficult to be imitated in a translation, [149]
Nivernois, Duc de, his translation of Horace’s dialogue with Lydia, [83]
Nonius, de Proprietate Sermonum, [13]
O
Ovid. See [Sandys], [Dryden], [Anguillara]
Ozell, his edition of Urquhart and Motteux translation of Rabelais, [223]
P
Paraphrase, examples of, as distinguished from translation, [124], [127], [128 et seq.]
Parnell, his translation of Chaulieu’s verses on Fontenai, [181]
Phædrus, his fables cited, [183]
Pitcairne, Dr., his Latin poetry characterised, [143]
Pitt, eminent as a translator, [206]
Plautus. See [Echard]
Pliny the Elder, his description of the Nightingale, [190];
analysis of a chapter of his Natural History, [190]
Pliny the Younger, his Epistles. See [Melmoth]
Poem, whether it can be well translated into prose, ch. [8]
Poetical translation, liberty allowed to it, [35 et seq.]
——, progress of poetical translation in England, [36 et seq.]
Poetry, characteristics essential to it, [108];
didactic poetry is the most capable of a prose translation, [109];
lyric poetry incapable of a prose translation, [111];
lyric poetry admits of the greatest liberty in translation, [123]
Polybius erroneously understood by Folard, [10]
Pope. See [Homer].
His translation of Sappho’s Epistle to Phaon cited, [61];
his Dying Christian to his Soul, [127]
Popma, Ausonius, de Differentiis Verborum, [13]
Prior, his Chloe Hunting translated by Bourne, [82]
Q
Quinctilian recommends the practice of translation, [1]
Quixote, Don, comparison of Motteux’s translation of, with Smollet’s, [151 et seq.]
R
Rabelais admirably translated by Urquhart and Motteux, ch. [15]
Roscommon’s Essay on translated verse, [45];
a precept of his, with regard to poetical translation, controverted, [45];
translation from Horace cited, [55]
Rousseau, Devin de Village cited, [79];
his translations from Tacitus cited, [103]
Rowe’s Lucan cited, [41]
S
Sandys, his character as a translator of poetry, [42];
his translation of Ovid cited, [42]
Scarron’s burlesque translation of Virgil cited, [200]
Seneca. See [L’Estrange]
Shakespeare, translations from, by Voltaire, [209 et seq.];
his phraseology difficult to be imitated in a translation, [177], [178]
Simonides, fragment of, translated by Jortin, [85];
imitated by Dr. Markham, [87]
Simplicity of thought and expression difficult to be imitated in a translation, [179]
Smart’s prose translation of Horace, [111]
Spelman’s Xenophon cited, [136]
Sterne’s Slawkenbergius’s Tale cited, [139]
Strada’s Contest of the Musician and Nightingale, extreme difficulty of translating it, [187]
Style and manner of the original to be imitated in the translation, [63 et seq.];
a just taste requisite for the discernment of those characters, [74];
limitations of the rule regarding the imitation of style, [96 et seq.]
T
Tacitus. See [D’Ablancourt], [D’Alembert], [Gordon], [Murphy], [Dryden], [Rousseau].
Difficulty of translating that author, [120]
Telemachus, a poem in prose, [108]
Terence. See [Echard]
Tickell’s ballad of Lucy and Colin, translated by Bourne, [23];
translated by Le Mierre, [Appendix, No. 1]
Timocles, fragment of, translated by Cumberland, [90]
Townley, Colonel, his translation of Hudibras, [218]
Translation, art of, very little cultivated, [1];
ancient translations, few specimens of, existing, [2 et seq.];
reasons why the art is at a low ebb among the moderns, [5];
description or definition of a good translation, [7], [8];
laws of translation, [9];
first general law, “That the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work,” [10 et seq.];
second general law, “The style and manner of writing in a translation should be of the same character with that of the original,” [63 et seq.];
specimens of good poetical translations, [80 et seq.];
third general rule, “A translation should have all the ease of original composition,” [112 et seq.];
a translator ought always to figure to himself in what manner the original author would have expressed himself, if he had written in the language of the translation, [107];
licentious translation, [117];
the best translators have shone in original composition of the same species, [206]
Travesty or burlesque translation, [197 et seq.];
Scarron’s and Cotton’s Virgil Travesty, [200], [202]
U
Urquhart, Sir Thomas, his excellent translation of Rabelais, [222]
V
Varro, de Lingua Latina, [13]
Virgil. See [Dryden], [Delille], [Fontaines].
Example of false taste in a passage of Virgil, [199]
Voltaire, his remark on the Abbé des Fontaines’s translation of Virgil, [69];
his translations from Shakespeare very faulty, [207];
character of the wit of Voltaire, [212];
he had no talent for humorous composition, [213 et seq.];
character of his novels, [213]
W
Warton, eminent as a poetical translator, [206]
Wollaston’s Religion of Nature, passage from, difficult to be translated, [180]
X
Xenophon’s Œconomics translated by Cicero, [1], [2];
Spelman’s Xenophon cited, [136]

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