New Zealand.—Laird (1956a).
U.S.A.—Four live and 14 dead specimens from 4 aircraft, Miami (Welch, 1939). One live and 15 dead specimens (adults?) from 16 aircraft; 8 oöthecae from 7 planes; 147 live and 83 dead nymphs from 108 planes, Miami (Denning et al., 1947). Southern U.S. (Hughes, 1949). Five live and 7 dead specimens, Miami (Porter, personal communication, 1958).
[IV. CLASSIFICATION OF THE ASSOCIATIONS]
Asano (1937) classified the natural enemies of cockroaches into two types as follows:
1. Enemies that feed mainly on cockroaches (certain ripiphorid beetles and certain chalcid, evaniid, and ampulicid wasps).
2. Organisms which, in their search for food, devour cockroaches that may be encountered (certain species of scorpions, spiders, ticks, centipedes, Strepsiptera, ants, birds, rats, and "parasitic bacteria").
Cameron (1955) arranged the associates of cockroaches in two groups as follows:
Group A. Parasites and predators.
1. Parasites: Hymenoptera (Evaniidae, Eulophidae, Eupelmidae, Encyrtidae, Pteromalidae, Cleonymidae) and Coleoptera (Ripiphoridae).
2. Predators: Hymenoptera (Ampulicidae), Hemiptera (Reduviidae), Coleoptera (Dermestidae), Arachnida (Araneae, Acarina).
Group B. Parasites and symbionts.
1. Protozoa (including examples of both parasites and commensals).
2. Nematoda (including both primary "parasites" and secondary parasites).
3. Bacteria (including the mutualistic bacteroids).
4. Algae [Arthromitis (= Hygrocrocis) intestinalis; see p. 124].
Asano's arrangement, although essentially true, is limited; Cameron's system is divided into arthropods (group A) and lower forms (group B), but does not include higher animals. Both attempts at classification need amplification; this we have endeavored to do below.