Parcoblatta sp.
Pennsylvania.—Found in Merkle cave, Berks County (Dearolf, 1941).
Periplaneta americana
IN CAVES
East Africa.—Its presence in the cave at Shimoni was thought to indicate that man had sought refuge there and brought the cockroaches in with baggage or provisions (Chopard, 1936).
India.—Many present in cave at Vengurla, the floor of which was covered with bird guano (Abdulali, 1942).
Madagascar.—Thought to have been introduced into the cave entrance by man (Chopard, 1945, 1949a).
IN MINES
Great Britain.—In a coal mine at Pontewydd where they had been established for some years (Lucas, 1916). In the Pentre Pit mine where they were abundant (Lucas, 1918). Abundant in a Welch mine 2,166 feet below the surface (Lucas, 1925). This species was found quite commonly in a number of South Wales coal mines; in one deep mine a white-eyed mutant form comprised about 5 percent of the cockroach population for the preceding 11 years (Jefferson, 1958).
India, western Bengal.—Very numerous in coal mines where the sole food apparently was human faeces (Chandler, 1926).