[LIST OF PLATES]
| Plate | Page | |
| 1 | Blaberus craniifer, c. X 2. 1. (Photograph by Jack Salmon, Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot.). | [a] |
| 2 | Blaberus craniifer, nymph. (Photograph by Jack Salmon.) | [A-3] |
| 3 | Blaberus giganteus, c. X 2.2. (Photograph by Jack Salmon.) | [A-4] |
| 4 | Blatta orientalis, c. X 3.8. A, Male. B, Female. (Photographs by Jack Salmon.) | [A-5] |
| 5 |
A-B, Blattella germanica, c. X 5.2. A, Male. B, Female. C-D, Blattella vaga, c. X 5.2. C, Male. D, Female with oötheca. | [A-6] |
| 6 | Byrsotria fumigata, c. X 2. A, Brachypterous male. B, Macropterous male. C, Female. | [A-7] |
| 7 | A and B, Cariblatta lutea minima, X 10. A, Male. B, Female with partly formed oötheca. C, Ectobius pallidus, female with completely formed oötheca, X 8. (C, From Roth and Willis [1957].) | [A-8] |
| 8 | A, Cryptocercus punctulatus, c. X 4.6. (Photograph by Jack Salmon.) B, Panesthia australis, X 2.8. | [A-9] |
| 9 | Cutilia sp. near sedilloti, c. X 5. A, Male. B, Female. | [A-10] |
| 10 | Diploptera punctata, c. X 5. A, Male. B, Female. | [A-11] |
| 11 | Eurycotis floridana, c. X 2.8. A, Male. B, Female. (Photographs by Jack Salmon.) | [A-12] |
| 12 | A-B, Gromphadorhina portentosa, c. X 1.5. A, Male nymph. B, Adult female. C, Coleolaelaps (?) sp., a mite from G. portentosa, c. X 32. (Glycerine jelly preparation and photograph of C by Dr. Barbara Stay.) | [A-13] |
| 12A | Ischnoptera deropeltiformis, c. X 5.3. A, Male. B, Female. | [A-14] |
| 13 | Leucophaea maderae, c. X 2.2. A, Male. B, Female. (Photographs by Jack Salmon.) | [A-15] |
| 14 | Nauphoeta cinerea, c. X 3.4. A, Male. B, Female. | [A-16] |
| 15 | Neostylopyga rhombifolia, c. X 3.4. A, Male. B, Female with partially formed oötheca. | [A-17] |
| 16 | Panchlora nivea, X 4.5. A, Dead individual showing normal, pale green coloration. B, Dead individual showing the bright red coloration (very dark areas) characteristic of infection with Serratia marcescens. C, Living male. D, Living female. | [A-18] |
| 17 | A, Parcoblatta pensylvanica, female with completely formed oötheca, X 4. B, Parcoblatta virginica, female with partly formed oötheca, X 7.3. | [A-19] |
| 18 | Parcoblatta uhleriana, c. X 5.5. A, Male. B, Female with oötheca. | [A-20] |
| 19 | Periplaneta americana, c. X 3. A, Male. B, Female. (Photographs by Jack Salmon.) | [A-21] |
| 20 | Periplaneta australasiae, c. X 3.2. A, Male. B, Female. (Photographs by Jack Salmon.) | [A-22] |
| 21 | Periplaneta brunnea, c. X 2.9. A, Male. B, Female. | [A-23] |
| 22 | Periplaneta fuliginosa, c. X 2.9. A. Male. B. Female. | [A-24] |
| 23 | Platyzosteria novae seelandiae, c. X 2.9. A. Male. B, Female with oötheca. | [A-25] |
| 24 | Pycnoscelus surinamensis, c. X 3.7. A, Male from Hawaii. B, Macropterous parthenogenetic female from Florida. C, Brachypterous nonparthenogenetic female from Hawaii. D, Late instar nymph. (Photograph of nymph D, by Jack Salmon.) | [A-26] |
| 25 | Supella supellectilium, c. X 6.3. A, Male. B, Female. | [A-27] |
| 26 | Bacteroids from Blattella germanica. A, Part of abdomen showing mycetocytes in fat body, X 225. B, Lobe of fat body showing 3 mycetocytes, X 750. C, Single mycetocyte; bacteroids appear hollow as result of fixation in Carnoy's fluid, X 1725. D, Smear of fat body showing bacteroids in various stages, X 1800. (All preparations and photographs through the courtesy of Dr. Marion A. Brooks.) | [A-28] |
| 27 | Fungi parasitic on cockroaches. A, Herpomyces arietinus growing on antennae, legs, body, and cerci of a nymph of Parcoblatta virginica, X 7. B, Herpomyces stylopygae on antenna of Blatta orientalis, X 35. (Reproduced from Richards and Smith [1955, 1956].) C, Herpomyces sp. [probably H. stylopygae] on antenna of B. orientalis, X 132. (Photographs B and C through the courtesy of Dr. A. G. Richards.) | [A-29] |
| 28 | A-B, Gregarines (Diplocystis sp.?) from Blaberus craniifer. A, Organisms removed from intestine, X 50. B, Organisms removed from hemocoele, X 32. C, Gregarine cysts in feces of Leucophaea maderae, X 12. | [A-30] |
| 29 | A, Undetermined mermithid that parasitizes Ectobius pallidus. X 9. The worm has partly emerged from the neck region of the cockroach. (Reproduced from Roth and Willis [1957].) B, Undetermined gordian worm that parasitized Eurycotis floridana shown beside its host, X 1.8. (Specimen courtesy of Dr. T. Eisner.) | [A-31] |
| 30 | A, Heteropoda venatoria, a cockroach-hunting spider, slightly less than natural size, on bananas. (Reproduced from a Kodachrome transparency through the courtesy of Dr. B. J. Kaston.) B to E, Lycosa sp. (avida?) capturing and feeding on a nymph of Supella supellectilium in the laboratory, X 1.4. | [A-32] |
| 31 | The centipede Scutigera coleoptrata capturing and feeding on cockroaches in the laboratory. A to E, Pursuit, capture, and eating of a nymph of Supella supellectilium, c. X 1.2. F, Centipede feeding on adult of Blattella germanica, X 1.8. | [A-33] |
| 32 | The mantid Hierodula tenuidentata (?) devouring a nymph of Periplaneta australasiae, c. X 1.5. | [A-34] |
| 33 | A, Prosevania punctata ♂ beside an oötheca of Periplaneta americana, X 5. B, Hyptia harpyoides with oötheca of Parcoblatta uhleriana from which it had emerged, X 5. C, Larva of a lampyrid beetle feeding on Parcoblatta virginica in the laboratory, X 4. | [A-35] |
| 34 | Chalcid parasites of cockroach eggs. A, Anastatus floridanus ovipositing into an oötheca which is still being carried by Eurycotis floridana, c. X 4. B, Comperia merceti ovipositing into an oötheca of Supella supellectilium, c. X 13. C, Tetrastichus hagenowii ovipositing into an oötheca of Periplaneta americana, c. X 10. (C from Roth and Willis [1954b].) | [A-36] |
| 35 | A, The wasp finds a cockroach. B, She stings the prey in the thorax. C, She then leads the disabled cockroach (antennae clipped) to her nest. D, The wasp's egg was placed on the coxa of the cockroach's right mesothoracic leg where it hatched. E, Portion of the host's abdomen removed to show feeding larva. F, New adult wasp emerging from dead host. (Reproduced from F. X. Williams [1942] from the color paintings of the late W. Twigg-Smith, through the courtesy of F. A. Bianchi.) | [A-37] |
| 36 | Chemical defense of Diploptera punctata against predators; the spray pattern is displayed on KI-starch indicator paper. A, Spray pattern after right mesothoracic leg was pinched. B, Cumulative spray pattern after left mesothoracic leg of the same insect was pinched. C, The defensive glands of the cockroach on the left had been excised, and it is under persistent attack by ants from a laboratory colony of Pogonomyrmex badius (Latreille). The intact cockroach on the right was also attacked by the ants, but it discharged a spray of quinones and repelled the attackers. (From Eisner [1958], through the courtesy of Dr. T. Eisner.) | [A-38] |
[LIST OF FIGURES]
| Fig. | Page | |
| 1 | Diagram illustrating the relationship between a mature plant of Herpomyces stylopygae and the integument of Blatta orientalis. (Reproduced from Richards and Smith [1956], through the courtesy of Dr. A. G. Richards.) | [128] |
| 2 | Representative Protozoa associated with cockroaches. A, Monocercomonoides melolonthae, X 3094 (after Grassé). B, Coelosporidium periplanetae, X 1310 (after Sprague); trophozoite with spores and chromatoid bodies. C, Endamoeba blattae, X 273 (after Kudo); trophozoite. D, Lophomonas striata, X 330 (after Kudo). E, Lophomonas blattarum, X 660 (after Kudo). F, Retortamonas blattae, X 3094 (after Wenrich). G, Nyctotherus ovalis, X 175 (after Kudo). H, Gregarina rhyparobiae, c. X 52: mature trophozoite attached to intestinal wall of Leucophaea maderae. (Redrawn from J. M. Watson [1945].) I, Diplocystis schneideri, c. X 14.4 (after Kunstler). J, Gregarina blattarum, c. X 57 (after Kudo). K, Protomagalhaesia serpentula, X 36 (after Pinto). L, Gamocystis tenax, magnification not known (after Schneider). (All figures except H redrawn from Kudo [1954] after sources indicated.) | [168] |
| 3 | Protozoa from the gut of the wood-feeding cockroach Cryptocercus punctulatus. A, Eucomonympha imla, female above, male below, c. X 375. (From Cleveland [1950c].) B, Barbulanympha sp. (From Cleveland [1953].) C, Urinympha talea, c. X 712. (From Cleveland [1951a].) D, Rhynchonympha tarda, c. X 450. (From Cleveland [1952].) E, Trichonympha okolona or T. algoa, c. X 390. (From Cleveland [1949].) (All drawings reproduced through the courtesy of Dr. L. R. Cleveland.) | [175] |
| 4 | The cockroach mite, Pimeliaphilus podapolipophagus. (From Baker et al. [1956]; reproduced through the courtesy of Dr. E. W. Baker and the National Pest Control Association.) | [221] |
| 5 | Evania appendigaster. Left, dorsal view, X 8. Right, side view, X 5. (Reproduced with permission. British Museum [Natural History], 1951, figs. 1A and 1B.) | [238] |
| 6 | Ampulex canaliculata attacking Parcoblatta virginica. A, Female wasp stinging her prey, c. X 4.8. B, Wasp's egg attached to the coxa of the mesothoracic leg of the cockroach. C, Larva of A. canaliculata (about three-quarters grown) feeding on the internal organs of the host from the exterior, c. X 4. (Reproduced from F. X. Williams [1929], through the courtesy of Dr. F. X. Williams and F. A. Bianchi, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association.) | [258] |
| 7 | Cockroach-hunting wasps. A, Dolichurus stantoni leading a nymph of Blattella lituricollis to her nest, c. X 4. (Reproduced from F. N. Williams [1919].) B, Podium haematogastrum attaching her egg to an Epilampra sp. while on the side of a termite mound that contains the wasp's nest, c. X 1.6. C, Epilampra sp. parasitized by P. haematogastrum showing the wasp's egg attached to the right fore coxa, c. X 3.2. (B and C reproduced from Williams [1928], through the courtesy of Dr. F. X. Williams and F. A. Bianchi.) | [263] |
THE BIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS OF COCKROACHES[1]
By Louis M. Roth and Edwin R. Willis[2]