Notes on the Diplomatic History of the Jewish Question / With Texts of Protocols, Treaty Stipulations and Other Public Acts and Official Documents

by Lucien Wolf

DOCUMENT.

De Carta del soprior de Santa Cruza Sus Alts. (Sub-Prior of Santa Cruz to Ferdinand and Isabella, July 18, 1498). Extract.

Acabada nuestra embasada hable al Rey de Inglaterra solo....

Al otro cabo que le dixe que en su Reyno y en Flandes estaban muchos conversos de los Reynos de V.A. y algunos fuydos por miedo de la Inquisicion y quan firmes V.A. estaban en su amistad y hermandad y que los sobredichos siempre procuraban el contrario que le avisaban dello, holgo mucho de tal avis y dixo la mano puesta en los pechos que por la fe de su coraçon que no decia el de marranos mas del mejor de su Reyno si contra lo que yo le decia algo le dixiese, no le oiria ni le ternia por suyo, y que si S.A. le mandaien airsar si en su tierra hay algun judio o herege que por la fe de su corazon et los castigaria bien. Fue esta habla larga y por ser nuevo oficial abrevie, huelga mucho el Rey de Inglaterra en fablar de la Princesa de Gales....

(Record Office: "Spanish Transcripts," Series I, vol. I, B. 205.)

INDEX.

• Abdul Medjid, Sultan of Turkey, [96]
• Aberdeen, Earl of, [18], [123]
• Adler, Cyrus, [67], [70], [71]
• Agreement, Anglo-Prussian (1841), [106]
• Alexander I, Tsar, [12], [15]
• Alexander II, Tsar, [78]
• Alexander III, Tsar, [55]
• Alexander, Bishop, [106]
• Alexander, D. L., [51], [52], [54]
• Algeciras, Conference of (1906), [54], [88];
  • Protocols, [98-99]
• Allenby, General, [104]
• Alliance Israélite, [59], [60], [89]
• Almodovar del Rio, Duc de, [98]
• American-Jewish Committee, [89]
• American House of Representatives, Resolution, [79]
• American Senate, Resolution, [79-80]
• American-Swiss Treaty (1855), [74]
• "Anabaptisticum et Enthusiasticum Pantheon," [103]
• Anarchists, [57]
• Ancona, Jews of, [63]
• Andrássy, Count, [30], [93]
• Anglo-French Entente, [56]
• Anglo-Jewish Association, [45], [51], [69], [89]
• Anglo-Moorish Treaty (1856), [78], [83], [87]
• Anglo-Prussian Agreement (1841), [106]
• Anglo-Russian Treaty (1859), [80]
• Anglo-Swiss Treaty (1855), [73]
• Anglo-Turkish Treaty (1809), [84]
• Anti-Semitic Triple Alliance, [57-62]
• Appleton, John, [75]
• Austria, [64], [65]
• Austrian Instruction (1815), [71]
• Austrian Jews, [7]
• Balance of Power, The, [54]
• Balfour, Arthur James, [124], [125]
• Baltimore, Jews of, [74]
• Bartholomey, Mr., [77]
• Baruch, Jacob, [12]
• Baxter, Nadir, [101]
• Beaconsfield, Earl of, [30], [103]
• Beauvale, Lord, [106], [116], [117]
• Belgium and Holland, Union of, [2]
• Benchimol Family, [88], [89], [90], [91]
• Berlin, Congress of (1878), [23-36], [52]
• Berlin, Treaty of (1878), [24], [33]
• Bernhardt, "Handbook of Treaties, &c.," [74], [80], [83], [84], [87]
• Bernstorff, Count, [16]
• Bertie, Francis, [44], [45]
• Bethlehem, [105]
• Bismarck, Prince, [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [32]
• Bjoerkoe interview, [56], [62]
• Blaine, James G. (U.S. Secretary of State), [54], [70], [78]
• "Blue Laws," [77]
• Boerne, Ludwig, [12]
• Bohemia, Jews of, [7-11]
• Brisac, J., [66], [67], [68], [72], [73]
• Broglie, Duc de, [66]
• Brothers, Richard, [101]
• Bucharest Commission, [20]
• Bucharest, Treaty of (1913), [50]
• Bulgaria, [26], [33]
• Bülow, Baron, [105], [114], [116]
• Bund, Jewish, [57], [59]
• Bunsen, Baron, [106]
• Buzaglo, David, [89], [91]
• Canovas Del Castillo, Señor, [93], [94]
• Capitulations, [3], [4], [83], [100]
• Capodistrias, Count, [16]
• Carathéodory Pacha, [26], [27], [31], [32]
• Carlowitz, Treaty of (1699), [64], [71], [100]
• Cassini, Count, [99]
• Castlereagh, Viscount, [12], [13], [16]
• Catharine of Braganza, Queen, [6]
• Catherine of Russia, Empress, [76], [78]
• "Ce que les Israélites de la Suisse doivent à la France," [66]
• Charlemagne, Emperor, [3]
• Charles II, King of England, [6]
• Charles X, King of France, [65]
• Chevalier, Michel, [67]
• China, religious liberty in, [3]
• Choate, Joseph H., [44]
• Christendom, Peace of, [2]
• Christian Missions, protection of, [3]
• Christina, Queen of Sweden, [6]
• Churchill, Colonel, C. H., [103], [119], [120], [122], [123], [124]
• Circular Note to Great Powers, American (1902), [44]
• Clarendon, Earl of, [19], [67]
• Clanricarde, Marquis of, [113]
• Cobden, Richard, [67]
• Cohn, Albert, [19]
• Conferences:—
  • Algeciras (1906), [54], [88]
  • Bucharest (1913), [45], [47], [48], [49]
  • Constantinople (1856), [20], [21], [23]
  • London (1830), [17], [52]
  • London (1912), [13], [45], [47]
  • Madrid (1880), [54], [88]
  • Ryswick (1697), [103]
  • St. Petersburg (1912-13), [45-47]
  • See also [Protocols] and [Treaties]
• Congresses:—
  • Aix-la-Chapelle (1818), [15], [16]
  • Berlin (1878), [23], [25-33], [36]
  • Paris (1856), [18-23]
  • Vienna (1815), [3], [12-15]
  • See also [Protocols] and [Treaties]
• Consistoire Israélite, [66]
• Consular Protection, [4], [82-85], [86-88]
• Convention, Cyprus (1878), [107]
• Convention of Paris (1858), [20], [21], [23]
• Crémieux, Adolphe, [18], [102]
• Cromwell, Oliver, [4], [6], [102]
• Crowe, Sir Eyre, [51], [83]
• Cyprus, [103]
• Cyprus Convention (1878), [107]
• Damascus, [120]
• Daudet, Ernest, [55]
• "Décade Philosophique et Littéraire," [104]
• De Card, "Les Traités entre la France et le Maroc," [88]
• Declaration on Palestine, British (1917), [124-5]
• De Launay, Count, [29], [32], [53]
• De Mello, Don Francisco Manuel, [6]
• Deschamps, Emile, [59]
• Despatch, American, to U.S. Minister at Athens (1902), [38]
• Desprez, M., [26], [32], [33]
• Dicey, Professor A. V., [5], [54]
• D'Israeli, "Genius of Judaism," [101]
• Dobrudja, [50]
• Dohm, C. W., [15]
• Eastern Roumelia, [26], [79]
• Edict of Sultan of Morocco, [89], [92]
• El Arish, [104]
• Esterhazy, Prince, [117]
• Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, [126]
• Finch, Sir Henry, [100], [101]
• Finn, James, [86], [102];
  • "Records from Jerusalem Consular Chronicles," [85]
• Fogg, Mr., [75]
• Foreign Jews Protection Society, [64]
• Foster, J. W., [70]
• France, [65], [66]
• Franchi, Cardinal, [93]
• Franco-Moorish Règlement (1863), [88]
• Franco-Swiss Treaty (1827), [71]
• Franco-Swiss Treaty (1864), [73]
• Franks, Aaron, [7], [8], [9]
• Freemasons, [59], [60], [62]
• Fuller, "A Pisgah Sight of Palestine," [100]
• George II, King of England, [7-9]
• German Jews, [12], [13]
• Goldsmid, Sir Julian, [82]
• Gortchacow, Prince, [28], [29], [30], [33]
• Graetz, "Geschichte der Juden," [103]
• Granville, Earl, [69];
  • despatch of,[81-82]
• Greece, Jews of, [17]
• Grey, Sir Edward, [45], [46], [48], [51], [52], [54], [69], [82]
• Grey, Viscount (see Sir Edward)
• Guizot, [66], [105], [107]
• Halhed, Nathaniel Brassey, M.P., [101]
• Hammond, J., [86]
• Hardenberg, Prince, [12], [13], [16]
• Haroun al-Rashid, Khalif, [3]
• Harrington, Lord, [11]
• Hart, Moses, [7], [8], [9]
• Hatti-Humayoun (1856), [19-22]
• Hay, John (U.S. Secretary of State), [37], [38], [43], [44];
  • despatch on Rumania, [38-43]
• Hay, Sir John Drummond, [85], [88]
• Haymerle, Baron, [30]
• Henry VII, King of England, [126]
• Hervaille, [59]
• Herzl, Theodor, [104]
• "Histoire Diplomatique de l'Alliance Franco-Russe," [55]
• Holland, [7]
• Holland, Jews of, [2], [3]
• Holland, "The European Concert in the Eastern Question," [18], [21], [22]
• Holy Alliance, [12]
• Holy Roman Empire, [100]
• Hoskier, M., [55]
• Izviestia, [56]
• Izvolsky, A., [56], [62]
• Jackson, J. B. (U.S. Minister at Bucharest), [47]
• Jaffa, [85]
• James I, King of England, [101]
• Jerusalem, [101], [104], [108], [109], [115], [117]
• Jewish Board of Deputies, [12], [45], [47], [51], [69], [86], [89], [103], [123], [124]
• Jewish Bund, [57]
• Jewish Conjoint Committee, [24], [45], [46], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [69], [82], [83]
• "Jewish Disabilities in the Balkan States," [37]
• Jewish Nationalism, [16]
• "Jews and the War," [24], [45]
• Jews in Bohemia, [7-11]
• Jews in Foreign Countries, Status of, [63-83]
• Jews in Morocco, [83-85], [87-99]
• Jews in Rumania, [28-48]
• Jews in Russia, [54]
• Jews in Russia, American Despatch, [76-78], [81-83]
• Jews in Switzerland, [72-73]
• "Jews in the Diplomatic Correspondence of the U.S.," [70]
• Jews, National Restoration of, [100-125]
• Jews of Baltimore, [74]
• Joostens, Baron, [99]
• Kamarowsky, [105], [106]
• Klüber, "Akten des Wiener Kongresses," [14]
• Kohler, Max, [37]
• Koutzo-Vlachs, [50]
• Lamsdorf, Count, [55], [56], [62]
• Lansdowne, Marquis of, [37], [38]
• Lassalle, Ferdinand, [59]
• "Legal Sufferings of Jews in Russia," [54]
• Lemoine, "Napoléon et les Juifs," [104]
• Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, Prince, [17]
• Leven, Narcisse, [24], [85]
• Lewisohn, Leon, [69], [81]
• Lieven, Count, [18]
• Loeb, Isidor, [24]
• Loewe, "Diaries of Sir Moses Montefiore," [89], [92]
• London, Treaty of (1840), [106]
• Louis Philippe, King of France, [66];
  • speech of (1835), [73]
• Ludolf, Count, [95]
• Madrid, Conference of (1880), [54], [88];
  • Protocols, [90-98]
• Madrid, Treaty of (1880), [91]
• Maiorescu, Titu (Rumanian Prime Minister), [46], [47], [49], [50]
• Maria Theresa, Empress, [7-11]
• Marranos (or Crypto-Jews), [63], [64]
• Marx, Karl, [59]
• Mehemet Ali, [102]
• "Memorandum on the Grievances of British Subjects of the Jewish Faith," [69]
• "Memorandum on Treaty Rights of Jews of Rumania" (1908), [45]
• Memorandum (Palestine), Austrian (1840), [111-113];
  • (1841), [117-119]
• Memorandum (Palestine), Prussian (1841), [114-116]
• Memorandum (Palestine) of Russian Government (1840), [107-110]
• Menasseh ben Israel, [6]
• Mendes da Costa, Fernando, [6]
• Metternich, Prince, [12], [13], [16], [113], [116], [117], [118]
• Milan, Prince, [30]
• Mohammed Vargas, Cid, [96], [97]
• Moldavia, Jews in, [19], [21]
• Moldavians and Wallachians, [23]
• Montefiore, Claude G., [51], [52], [54]
• Montefiore, Joseph Meyer, [86]
• Montefiore, Lady, [122]
• Montefiore, Sir Moses, [18], [89], [95], [102], [103], [119], [121]
• Montenegro, [30], [33]
• Montmoren y Laval, [18]
• Moravia, Jews of, [7]
• Morocco, Jews of, [70]
• Morocco, Religious Liberty in, [89-99]
• Mount Athos, [31]
• Muley-el-Hassan, Sultan of Morocco, [97], [98]
• Nahon, Moses, [89], [91]
• Napier, Lord, [81]
• Napoleon I, Emperor, [102], [104]
• Napoleon III, Emperor, [19]
• Nasi, Donna Gracia, [6], [63]
• Nasi, Don Joseph (see Naxos, Duke of)
• "National Treatment," [65], [68]
• Nationality, Jewish, [64]
• Naxos, Duke of, [63]
• Nazareth, [105]
• Neapolitan prison horrors, [5]
• Nelidow, Actual Privy Councillor, [58]
• Nesselrode, Count, [16], [113]
• Nicholas II, Tsar, [56], [62]
• Nicolson, Sir Arthur, [98]
• "Nikky-Willy" correspondence, [55]
• Nina, Cardinal, [94]
• Oliphant, Lawrence, [103]
• Omar, Mosque of, [116]
• Ottoman Empire, Jews in, [3], [4]
• Palestine Declaration, British (1917), [124-125]
• Palestine, Jews in, [70]
• Palestine Question, [100-125]
• Palestine, Russian Jews in, [84], [85]
• Palestine, Secret Agreement (1917), [107], [124]
• Palestine Memorandum, Austrian (1840), [111-113]; (1841), [117-119]
• Palestine Memorandum, Prussian (1841), [114-116]
• Palestine Memorandum, Russian (1840), [107-110]
• Palmerston, Viscount, [102], [105], [106], [113], [114], [116], [117]
• Paris, Convention of (1858), [23]
• Passarowitz, Treaty of (1718), [71], [100]
• Passport Question in Russia, [68]
• Paul IV, Pope, [63], [64]
• Paulli, Holger, [103]
• Peace of Christendom, [2]
• Peace of Westphalia, [2], [3], [6]
• Petition concerning Jews of Bohemia, [7-11]
• Piggott, Sir Francis, "Exterritoriality," [84]
• Pogroms, [62]
• Poland, Jews of, [6]
• Poland, Protestants of, [4]
• Ponsonby, Lord, [106]
• Pope, the, [93], [95]
• Portugal, Jews of, [6]
• Prince of Wales (Arthur), [126]
• Protocols:—
  • Anti-Anarchist (1904), [56]
  • Algeciras Conference (1906), [98-99]
  • Conference of Bucharest (1913), [47]
  • Conference of Constantinople (1856), [20], [23]
  • Conference of London (1830), [17], [18]
  • Conference, Madrid (1880), [90-98]
  • Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1818), [16]
  • Congress of Berlin (1878), [25-33]
  • Great Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria, [2], [3]
  • See also [Conferences], [Congresses] and [Treaties]
• Prussia, Jews of, [6]
• Prussia, King of, [114]
• Radowitz, Herr von, [99]
• Règlement, Franco-Moorish (1863), [88]
• Religious Liberty, [1], [2], [3], [17], [20], [21]
• "Restoration of the Hebrews, The," [101]
• Revoil, M., [99]
• Richelieu, [16]
• Ristitch, [30]
• Robinson, Sir Thomas, [7], [9], [11]
• Roosevelt, Theodore, [37], [99]
• Rothschild, Sir Anthony de, [19]
• Rothschild, Baron James de, [19], [20]
• Rothschild, Baron Lionel de, [19]
• Rothschild, Leopold de, [13]
• Rothschild, Lord, [36], [37], [55], [56], [58]
• Rothschild, Lord (second), [124]
• Rothschild, Nathan, [13]
• Rumania, [24], [29], [32], [33], [37], [38], [48]
• Rumania and the Powers (1902), [36-45]
• Rumania, American Circular Note on, [44]
• Rumania, Identic Note to (1880), [35-36]
• Rumania, Jews of, [28]
• Rumanian Constitution, Art. VII, [34-35]
• Russell, Earl, [81], 86 (see Russell, Lord John)
• Russell, Lord John, [68], [69], [70]
• Russia, Jews in, [54], [76-78], [81-83]
• "Russian Government and the Massacres," [54]
• Russian Jews in Palestine, [84], [85]
• Russian Jews, persecution of, [5]
• Russian Revolution, [54]
• Russian Secret Documents, [62]
• Russo-American Treaty (1832), [75]
• Russo-American Treaty (1832), denunciation of, [79-80]
• Ryswick, Conference of (1697), [103]
• Sabbathai Zevi, [103]
• Sager, M., [99]
• Salisbury, Marquis of, [26], [27], [31], [32], [34], [69], [82], [106]
• Samuel, Henry, Case of, [64]
• Sanderson, Sir T. H., [69], [82]
• Santa Cruz, Sub-Prior of, [126]
• Saxony, [66]
• Schiff, Jacob, [36], [37]
• Schouvaloff, Count, [26], [27], [28], [30]
• Secret Agreement (Palestine) (1917), [107], [124]
• Secret Note to Swiss Diet, French (1826), [72]
• Séménoff, M., [54], [62]
• Servia, [24], [27], [28], [29], [32]
• Servia, Jews of, [28]
• Seward, William H. (U.S. Secretary of State), [75]
• Sidi Mohammed, Sultan of Morocco, [95]
• Socialists, [59], [60], [61]
• Solyman the Magnificent, [63], [64]
• Spain, Jews of, [6]
• Stratford de Redcliffe, Lord, [19]
• Straus, Oscar, [37], [103]
• Stroock, [67]
• Sub-Prior of Santa Cruz, [126]
• Suliotis, M., [36]
• Sweden, [4], [57]
• Switzerland, [65], [66], [67], [68]
• "Switzerland and American Jews," [67]
• Switzerland, Jews in, [72-73]
• Tatistcheff, M., [105]
• Testa, Jonkheer, [99]
• Thirty Years War, [2]
• Thornton, Sir E., [81]
• Toledano, Isaac, [89], [91]
• Treaties:—
  • American-Swiss (1855), [66], [67], [73]
  • Anglo-Moorish (1727-8), [87]
  • Anglo-Moorish (1856), [83], [87]
  • Anglo-Russian (1859), [68], [80]
  • Anglo-Swiss (1855), [67], [73]
  • Anglo-Turkish (1809), [87]
  • Berlin (1878), [24], [37]
  • Bucharest (1913), [50]
  • Carlowitz (1699), [64], [71], [100]
  • Franco-Swiss (1827), [65], [71]
  • Franco-Swiss (1864), [68], [73]
  • London (1840), [106]
  • London (1864), [49]
  • Madrid (1880), [91]
  • Münster (1648), [2]
  • Osnabruck (1648), [2]
  • Paris (1856), [20-22]
  • Passarowitz (1718), [71], [100]
  • Russo-American (1832), [68], [70], [75]
  • San Stéfano (1878), [27], [31]
  • Tientsin (1858), [3]
  • Vienna (1815), [13-15]
  • See also [Conferences], [Congresses], [Conventions], [Protocols] and [Règlement]
• Turkey, [31], [33], [37], [40], [63], [64], [65]
• Turkey, Jews in, [19]
• Ubicini, "Question des Principautés," [23]
• United States, [46], [66], [67]
• United States, Religious Liberty in, [38-43]
• Universal Suffrage, [61]
• Vatican, [60], [61]
• Vaudois, persecution of the, [4]
• Venizelos, M., [47]
• Visconti Venosta, Viscount, [99]
• Waddington, M., [25], [26], [28], [29], [93]
• Wallachia, Jews in, [19], [21]
• Wallachians and Moldavians, [23]
• Warsaw, British Jews in, [68]
• Way, Rev. Lewis, [15], [16]
• Wellington, Duke of, [13], [16]
• Westphalia, Peace of, [2]
• White, Henry, [98], [99]
• White, Sir W. A., [34], [36]
• William II, Emperor of Germany, [56]
• William III, King of England, [103]
• Wilson, Charles S., [38]
• Witte, Count, [56]
• Wolf, Lucien, [54], [58];
  • "Sir Moses Montefiore," [89]
• Wolf, Simon, [37]
• "World's Great Restoration, The," [100]
• Wyshnigradski, M., [55]
• Zion, Mount, [116]
• Zionism, [103], [104], [107], [124]

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FOOTNOTES:

[1] Infra, pp. 57-62 and Appendix.