[Irruere]; Irrumpere; Ingruere; Invadere. Irruere (εἰσρεῦσαι) means to rush on hastily and inconsiderately; irrumpere, to force one’s way with violence; ingruere (ingravare) to press on with threats and importunity; invadere, to fall upon with boldness, and without regard to consequences. (vi. 180.)
[Iter]; Via; Trames; Semita; Callis. 1. Iter and meatus denote the progress which a person makes, the going, the journey, in an abstract sense; iter, that which a rational being makes; meatus, that which a being void of reason and of will makes; via, the path on which a person goes, in a concrete sense. Hor. Od. iii. 2, 22. Virtus negata tentat iter via. Cic. Att. v. 14. Iter conficiebamus æstuosa et pulverulenta via. 2. Iter in a concrete sense, denotes a way which leads directly to a particular point, whether beaten and trodden, or not, like κέλευθος; whereas via (from the old word veha, way), a way, which, if not beaten, is the ordinary and usual way, like ὁδός. Cæs. B. G. vi. 27, means by viarum atque itinerum duces, the guides, who partly point out the frequented roads and paths, partly give information as to where they lead out. 3. Via and iter may be narrow or wide; whereas, trames, callis, and semita, denote only a narrow way or path; trames (τρῆμα) a by-road in a plain and town, by which one may arrive, partly in a shorter time, partly without being so much observed as in the open road, to a given point; semita (from secare, segmen), a foot-path, which often runs by the side of the high-road, like οἶμος; callis (from κέλευθος) a path over a mountain or through a wood, which is scarcely passable except for cattle, like ἀτραπός. Plaut. Cas. iii. 5, 42. De via in semitam degredi; and Liv. xliv. 43. Cic. Phil. xiii. 9, 19. Egressus est non viis, sed tramitibus paludatus; and Rull. ii. 35. Virg. Æn. ix. 383. Rara per occultos lucebat semita calles; and Curt. vii. 11, 2. (iv. 64.)
Iter facere, see [Proficisci].
[Iterum]; Rursus; Denuo; De integro; Repetere; Integrare. 1. Iterum (ἕτερον) means, like δεύτερον, a second time; rursum or rursus, (revorsus) like αὖθις and πάλιν, again, once more; denuo (de novo) like νέοθεν, anew; de integro, like αὖθις ἐξ ὑπαρχῆς, quite afresh. Justin. xxi. 4, 6. Hoc consilio præventus iterum servitia concitat, statutaque rursus cædium die, quum denuo se proditum videret. 2. In the same manner pugnam iterare, Liv. vi. 32, means to join battle a second time; pugnam repetere, x. 36, to repeat the battle; pugnam renovare, Cæs. B. G. iii. 20, to renew the battle; and pugnam integrare, Liv. vii. 7, to begin the battle again quite from the beginning. Aut. Herenn. ii. 3, 47. Enumeratio est per quam colligimus et commonemus quibus de rebus verba fecerimus, breviter, ut renovetur, non redintegretur oratio. (i. 184.)
[Jubere]; Imperare; Præcipere; Mandare. Jubere (from ἰότης) means to bid, merely in consequence of one’s own wish and will, in opp. to vetare, like κελεύειν; imperare, to command, by virtue of a military supreme authority, like ἄρχειν; præcipere to enjoin, by virtue of an authority as a teacher, etc., something like ἐντέλλεσθαι; mandare (from μήδομαι) to charge, in consequence of thorough confidence in a person, like ἐφίεσθαι.
Jucundus, see [Gratus].
Judicare, see [Censere].
“Judicare” printed immediately before “Jusjurandum”.
Jugulare, see [Interficere].
Jugum, see [Mons].