[Potentia]; Potentatus; Potestas; Vis; Robur.
Potestas, see [Occasio].
[Præbere]; Exhibere; Præstare; Representare. Præbere and exhibere denote a voluntary act of the giver, by which a want or wish of the receiver is satisfied; the præbens (præhibens) is considered in relation to the receiver, to whom he gives up what he himself before possessed; the exhibens, in relation to the world at large, and generally gives to him who has the best claim, what he himself before possessed; whereas præstare and repræsentare denote an involuntary act of the giver, who only fulfils a duty, as to perform or discharge; the præstans releases himself from an obligation by discharging it, in opp. to being longer in a state of liability; the repræsentans fulfils a promise, in opp. to longer putting off. (iv. 132.)
Præceptor, see [Doctor].
Præcipere, see [Jubere].
Præclarus, see [Eminens].
[Præda]; Manubiæ; Spolia; Exuviæ; Rapina. 1. Prædia and manubiæ denote booty only as a possession and gain that has been made by conquest; whereas spolia and exuviæ, at the same time, as signs of victory and of honor. 2. Præda denotes any sort of booty; whereas manubiæ only the honorable booty of the soldier, taken in war; and rapina, the dishonorable booty of the prædo, who violates the peace of the country, robbery. (iv. 337.) 3. Prædo is the robber in general, in as far as he commits the robbery with his own hands, like λῃστής, as a species of latro (from ὀλετήρ) the highwayman, who lays wait for travellers, like σίνις, and pirata (πειρατής) the sea-robber; whereas raptor means the robber of some particular person or thing, like ἁρπακτήρ.
Prædicere, see [Divinare].
[Præditus]; Instructus; Exstructus; Ornatus. 1. Præditus (præ-θετός) refers to a distinction which sheds lustre; instructus and exstructus to a qualification which attests usefulness; ornatus refers to both, for ornamentum is not, on the one side, that which is merely of use, like instrumentum, nor, on the other, that which is merely for show, like decus, but that which is of such eminent utility as to be prized even as an ornament. Instructus paints the qualification, etc., as a perfection which protects and secures; ornatus, as an accomplishment of an imposing nature. It is only in a higher point of view, and with reference to ideal claims, that ornatus is considered as a want; but, according to ordinary pretensions, it passes for a distinction of life. Cic. Phil. x. 4. Græcia copiis non instructa solum, sed etiam ornata. Sen. Tranq. 9. Sicut plerisque libri non studiorum instrumenta, sed cœnationum ornamenta sunt. 2. Instructus refers to persons and things, which act either offensively or defensively; exstructus to things which are for the most part only destined to be acted upon; for example, we say, instructæ naves but exstructæ mensæ. The exstructa are absolutely ready; the instructa are only relatively so, only fully prepared to be employed according to their destination. (iii. 260.) 3. Instructus refers to the possession of the means; paratus to the readiness of the possessor to employ them. (vi. 175.)
Prædium, see [Villa].