APPENDIX.
TABLE I.
CHRONOLOGY OF TOBACCO.
| A.D. | |
| 1496 | Romanus Paine published the first account of tobacco, under thename cohoba. |
| 1519 | Tobacco discovered by the Spaniards near Tabasco. |
| 1535 | Negroes cultivated it on the plantations of their masters. |
| ” | It was used at this time in Canada. |
| 1559 | Tobacco introduced into Europe by Hernandez de Toledo. |
| 1565 | Conrad Gesner became acquainted with tobacco. |
| ” | Sir John Hawkins brought tobacco from Florida. |
| 1570 | Tobacco smoked in Holland out of tubes of palm-leaves. |
| 1574 | Tobacco cultivated in Tuscany. |
| 1575 | First figure of plant in André Thevot’s Cosmographie. |
| 1585 | Clay pipes noticed by the English in Virginia. |
| ” | First clay pipes made in Europe. |
| 1590 | Schah Abbas, of Persia, prohibited the use of tobacco in hisempire. |
| 1601 | Tobacco introduced into Java. Smoking commenced in Egypt aboutthis time. |
| 1604 | James I. laid heavy imposts on tobacco. |
| 1610 | Tobacco-smoking known at Constantinople. |
| 1615 | Tobacco first grown about Amersfort, in Holland. |
| 1616 | The colonists cultivated tobacco in Virginia. |
| 1619 | James I. wrote his “Counterblast.” |
| ” | Sale of tobacco prohibited in England till the custom should be paid,and the royal seal affixed. |
| 1620 | Ninety young women sent from England to America, and sold to theplanters for tobacco at 120 lbs. each. |
| 1622 | Annual import of tobacco into England from America, 142,085 lbs. |
| 1624 | The Pope excommunicated all who should take snuff in church. KingJames restricted the culture of tobacco to Virginia and the Somer Isles. |
| 1631 | Tobacco-smoking introduced into Misnia. |
| 1634 | A tribunal formed at Moscow to punish smoking. |
| 1639 | The Assembly of Virginia ordered that all tobacco planted in thatand the succeeding two years should be destroyed. |
| 1653 | Smoking commenced at Appenzell (canton) in Switzerland. |
| 1661 | The police regulations of Berne made, and divided according tothe ten commandments, in which tobacco was prohibited. |
| 1669 | Adultery and fornication punished in Virginia by a fine of 500 to1000 lbs. of tobacco. |
| 1670 | Smoking tobacco punished in the canton of Glarus by fines. |
| 1676 | Customs on tobacco from Virginia collected in England, £120,000. |
| ” | Two Jews attempt the cultivation of tobacco in Brandenburg. |
| 1689 | Dr. J. F. Vicarius invented tubes containing pieces of sponge forsmoking tobacco. |
| 1691 | Pope Innocent XII. excommunicated all who used tobacco in St.Peter’s Church at Rome. |
| 1697 | Large quantities of tobacco produced in the palatinate of Hesse. |
| 1709 | Exports of tobacco from America, 28,858,666 lbs. |
| 1719 | Senate of Strasburg prohibited the culture of tobacco. |
| 1724 | Pope Benedict XIV. revoked Pope Innocent’s Bull ofexcommunication. |
| 1732 | Tobacco made a legal tender in Maryland, at one penny per lb. |
| 1747 | Annual exports of tobacco to England from the American colonies,40,000,000 lbs. |
| 1753 | The King of Portugal farmed out the tobacco trade for about£500,000. |
| ” | The revenue of the King of Spain from tobacco, £1,250,000. |
| 1759 | Duties on tobacco in Denmark amounted to £8,000. |
| 1770 | Empress of Austria derived an income of £160,000 from tobacco. |
| 1773 | Duties on tobacco in the two Sicilies, £80,000. |
| 1775 | Annual export of tobacco from the United States 1,000,000 lbs. |
| 1780 | King of France derived an income of £1,500,000 from tobacco. |
| 1782 | Annual export of tobacco during the seven years revolutionarywar, 12,378,504 lbs. |
| 1787 | Tobacco imported into Ireland, 1,877,579 lbs. |
| 1789 | Exports of tobacco from the United States, 90,000,000 lbs. |
| ” | Tobacco first put under the excise in England. |
| 1820 | Quantity of tobacco grown in France, 32,887,500 lbs. |
| 1828 | Tobacco revenue in the State of Maryland, £5,400. |
| 1830 | Revenue from tobacco and snuff in Great Britain was 2¼ millionsof pounds. |
| 1834 | Value of tobacco used in the United States estimated at£3,000,000. |
| 1838 | Annual consumption of tobacco in the United States estimated at100,000,000 lbs. |
| 1840 | It was ascertained that 1,500,000 persons were engaged in thecultivation and manufacture of tobacco in the United States. |
TABLE II.
CONSUMPTION OF TOBACCO.
| COUNTRIES. | Average consump. of male population per head, over 18 years of age. lbs. | Nett Revenue from Tobacco. £ |
|---|---|---|
| Austria | 6·75 | 1,212,530 |
| Zollverein | 9·75 | 296,560 |
| Steurverein, including Hanover and Oldenburg | 12·50 | 12,420 |
| France | 5·50 | 3,058,356 |
| Russia | 2·50 | 284,280 |
| Portugal | 3·50 | 304,140 |
| Spain | 4·75 | 1,268,082 |
| Sardinia | 2·75 | 246,192 |
| Tuscany | 2·50 | 84,860 |
| Papal States | 2·00 | 297,252 |
| Two Sicilies | ... | 168,422 |
| Britain | 4·10 | 5,272,471 |
| Holland | 8·25 | 6,210 |
| Belgium | 9·00 | 28,014 |
| Denmark | 8·00 | 10,488 |
| Sweden | 4·37 | 14,766 |
| Norway | 6·40 | 23,322 |
| United States | 7·60 | ... |
TABLE III.
DUTIES ON IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO.
| per cent. ad valorem. | |
| United States | 30· |
| Belgium | 13·9 |
| Great Britain | 933·3 |
| Hanover | 9·6 |
| Holstein | 10· |
| Holland | 3·5 |
| Russia | 161· |
| Switzerland | 3· |
| Zollverein | 45· |
TABLE IV.
Nett Profits of the French Regie on Tobacco, after paying all expenses of purchase, transportation, manufacture, and sale. Showing the increased consumption, in decennial periods, from 1811 to 1851.
| Years. | Francs. |
|---|---|
| 1811 | 26,000,000 |
| 1821 | 42,219,604 |
| 1831 | 45,920,930 |
| 1841 | 71,989,095 |
| 1851 | 92,233,729 |
| Total gross revenue in 1857 | 185,000,000 |