Bismarck Brown—Dutch pink, burnt umber, and lake. Or, with a mixture of burnt umber 2 parts, white lead 1 part, make a ground, over which put a coating of burnt sienna, and then glaze with carmine, 1 1/2 parts; crimson lake, 1 part; gold bronze, 1 part. An English vermilion makes a base over which the glazing makes a considerably lighter brown.
Orange Brown—Orange chrome, 2 parts; burnt sienna, 3 parts.
Coffee Brown—Yellow ochre, 2 parts; burnt sienna, 1 part; burnt umber, 5 parts.
Dark Brown—Indian red, 5 parts; Prussian blue, 1 part.
Amber Brown—Burnt sienna, 4 parts; medium chrome yellow, 5 parts; burnt umber, 8 parts.
Indian Brown—Indian red, 1 part; yellow ochre, 1 part; lampblack, 1 part.
Seal Brown—Burnt umber, 4 parts; golden ochre, 1 part.
Tan Brown—Yellow, 2 parts; raw umber, 1 part; burnt sienna, 5 parts.
Japan Brown—Black japan, to which is added a little vermilion.
Umbers—A class of natural earths, affording varying shades of brown, the Cypress mines yielding rich, warm, olive colors. Calcined, this umber reaches a positive violet shade. Burnt umber used alone or in connection with red and black, gives a very striking panel color for business vehicles.