Phylogeny of the Waxwings and Allied Birds

by M. Dale Arvey

Table 5. Leg-trunk Ratios (in percent)

Species	Femur	Tibiotarsus	Tarsometatarsus	Total
Ptilogonys caudatus	73	110	69	252
Ptilogonys cinereus	71	109	66	246
Phainopepla nitens	69	106	65	240
Phainoptila melanoxantha	74	115	60	249
Dulus dominicus	73	119	73	265
Bombycilla garrula	68	101	59	228
Bombycilla cedrorum	63	96	53	212

Table 6. Leg-trunk Ratios (in percent)

Species	Femur	Tibiotarsus	Tarsometatarsus	Total
Corvus brachyrynchos	71	120	77	268
Corvus corax	73	139	78	290
Dendroica audubonii	62	109	81	252
Setophaga ruticilla	66	127	94	287
Myadestes townsendi	61	99	60	220
Sialia sialis	66	111	72	249
Hylocichla mustelina	75	133	97	305
Parus atricapillus	78	138	99	315
Tachycineta thalassina	61	97	56	214
Myiarchus crinitus	68	106	74	248
Dumetella carolinensis	73	136	94	303
Polioptila caerulea	75	144	113	332
Eremophila alpestris	73	113	115	301
Muscivora forficata	62	98	61	221

Table 7. Actual Length and Width in mm. of Pygostyle and Proportionate Length and Width of Pygostyle in percent of Lacrimal Length

Species	Length	Width	Length, percent	Width, percent
Ptilogonys caudatus	9.8	3.9	45	18
Ptilogonys cinereus	8.8	4.1	41	19
Phainopepla nitens	8.4	3.9	41	19
Phainoptila melanoxantha	8.5	3.5	35	14
Dulus dominicus	8.5	2.9	38	13
Bombycilla garrula	7.0	3.5	31	15
Bombycilla cedrorum	7.1	2.9	35	14