Hero-Myths & Legends of the British Race

by M. I. Ebbutt

[A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [Y] [Z]

A
Abloec. See [Anlaf]
Achilles. His sulks, [184];
Cuchulain, “the Irish,” [184]
Adeon. Son of Eudav; grandson of Caradoc, [49]
Age. See [Golden Age]
Ailill. King of Connaught, husband of Queen Meave; to decide claims to title of Chief Champion, [189];
seeks aid of Fairy People of the Hills, [193]
Ailmar. King of Westernesse, [290];
welcomes and adopts Childe Horn, [291];
Princess Rymenhild, daughter of, [292];
dubs Horn knight, [297];
hears of Horn’s first exploit, [299];
Fikenhild betrays Horn and Rymenhild to, [300];
Horn returns to, [304];
reluctantly gives his daughter to Horn, [308];
Horn leaves Rymenhild to his care, [308], [309]
Aix-la-Chapelle. Wondrous springs of, [125];
Charlemagne at, [155]
Alef. King of Cornwall; Hereward at court of, [343];
casts Hereward into prison, [343];
his daughter releases Hereward, [344], [345];
Sigtryg sends forty Danes to, [348]
Alftruda. Ward of Edward the Confessor, [339];
Hereward’s first meeting with, [339];
rescues from Fairy Bear, [340], [341];
Hereward takes farewell of, [342]
Alice of Cloudeslee. Wife of William of Cloudeslee, [227];
outlaw husband visits, [227], [228];
rescued from burning house, [232];
thanks Adam Bell and Clym for delivering her husband, [240];
appointed chief woman of bedchamber to the royal children, [246]
All-Father. Praised for Beowulf’s victory over Grendel, [18]
Alto-bis-ca´r. Song of (a forgery), [120]
Anglesey. Same as Mona, [47]
Anglo-Saxon Nobility. Hereward the ideal of, [334], [335]
Anglo-Saxon Times. Legends regarding Constantine during, [42]
Ængus the Ever-Young. Irish people and wrath of, [158]
Anlaf. Same as Olaf, or Sihtricson; known to Welsh as Abloec or Habloc; romantic stories concerning, [73]
Anseis, Duke of. Mortally wounded, [143]
Arabia. Physicians from, with remedies for Constantine’s leprosy, [65]
Armagh. Capital of Ulster; Cuchulain and Emer dwell at, [186];
King Conor and heroes return to, [190];
heroes return to, [195]
Arnoldin, Sir. Cousin of Athulf; helps to save Rymenhild, [312];
King Ailmar nominates as his heir, [313]
Arthur, King. Uncle of Sir Gawayne, [265];
Christmas kept at Carlisle by, [266];
Guenever, queen of, [266];
uncle of Sir Gareth and Sir Mordred, [266];
damsel requests a boon of, [267];
his journey to Tarn Wathelan, and fight with giant, [269];
humiliated by the giant and released on certain conditions, [270];
his search for the answer to the giant’s question, [270-272];
learns it from the loathly lady, [272];
the ransom paid to giant, [273];
the loathly lady demands a young and handsome knight for husband for helping, [274];
Sir Gawayne offers to pay ransom for, [275];
summons court to hunt in greenwood near Tarn Wathelan, [276];
rebukes Sir Kay, [277];
his joy over his nephew’s wedding with the supposed loathly lady, [284], [285]
Arthurian Legend. Preserved by mediæval Wales, [265]
Arvon. Fertile land of, searched by ambassadors of Maxen Wledig, [47-49]
Asbrand. Brother of Biargey, [113];
helps Howard against Thorbiorn, [115]
Aschere (ask-herĕ). One of King Hrothgar’s thanes, carried off by Grendel’s mother, [21]
Athelbrus. King Ailmar’s steward, to train Childe Horn to be a knight, [291], [292];
induces Athulf to personate Horn, [293];
sends Horn to Princess Rymenhild, [294];
land of King Modi committed to care of, [313]
Athelstan. King of England; kinship of Anlaf with, [73]
Athelwold. King of England, father of Goldborough, [80];
his death and burial, [81]
Athulf. Horn’s favourite companion, [287];
personates Horn before Rymenhild, [293];
writes to Horn on behalf of Rymenhild, [303];
plans with Horn the rescue of Rymenhild, [308];
his father found at Suddene, [309], [310];
weds Reynild, [313]
Aude the Fair. Sister of Oliver, betrothed bride of Roland, [155];
Charlemagne promises his son Louis to, [155];
dies of grief for Roland’s loss, [155]
Augustus. Constantine’s elevation to rank of, [64]
Awe, Loch. Black Colin, Knight of, [249], [250];
Black Colin dwells at, with wife, [250];
Lady of, [251];
Black Colin far away from, [254];
Black Colin’s return to, [258]

B
Babylon, Emir of. Marsile’s vassal; defeated by Charlemagne, [154]
Baltic Sea. Forefathers who dwelt on shores of, [1]
Banier, Sir. A Knight of the Round Table, [266]
Barnesdale. Forest in South Yorkshire, once dwelling-place of Robin Hood, [314], [315];
Sir Richard of the Lea sets out for, to repay loan, [328]
Barton, Sir Andrew. Scottish hero, [248]
Basques. Attack Charlemagne, [119]
Bathstead. Place on shores of Icefirth near where Thorbiorn lived, [97-118]
Bean-stan. Father of Breca, [12]
Bedivere, Sir. A Knight of the Round Table, [266]
Beli. Son of Manogan; Britain conquered by Maxen Wledig from, [48]
Bell, Adam. Outlaw leader in forest of Englewood, [226];
declared powerless to deliver William of Cloudeslee, [233];
rescues William from death, [237], [238];
visit to London to see the king, [241];
the king pardons, [243]
Beo´wa. Stories of, crystallised in stories of Beowulf, [1]
Beo´wulf.
1. The poem of, [1].
2. Thane of Hygelac, King of Geats, [1];
son of Ecgtheow, [6];
nephew of King Hygelac, [6];
grandson of Hrethel, [6];
brought up at Geatish court, [6];
famous swimming match with Breca, [6];
his mighty hand-grip, [6];
sails for Denmark to attack Grendel, [6];
challenged by Warden of Denmark, [6];
declares his mission to Hrothgar, [10];
disparaged by Hunferth, [12];
honoured by Queen Wealhtheow, [14], [20];
struggles with Grendel, [16];
mortally wounds Grendel, [17];
vows to slay mother of Grendel, [23];
does so, [26];
carries off sword-hilt and Grendel’s head, [26];
sails to Geatland, [29];
welcomed by King Hygelac and Queen Hygd, [29], [30];
chief champion of Hygelac, [30];
refuses the throne in favour of Heardred, and becomes guardian of, [31];
again chosen King of Geatland, [31];
encounters with fire-dragon, [31-39];
recites slaying of Frankish warrior, Daghrefn, [35];
forsaken by Geats in his encounter with the fire-dragon, [36];
slays the dragon, [37];
his death and funeral, [39-41]
Berild. Son of King Thurston, [301];
slain by the Saracens, [302]
Bernard Brown. Danish magistrate; protects Havelok and Goldborough, [88-89]
Ber-na´r-do del Ca´r-pio. Hero in Spanish legend who defeats Roland, [121]
Bertram. Earl’s cook who befriended Havelok, [82-83];
marries one of Grim’s daughters and becomes Earl of Cornwall, [94]
Biargey. Wife of Howard the Halt, [97];
urges Howard to claim wergild for Olaf, [106], [107], [108];
Howard returns to, [111];
visits her brothers, Valbrand, Thorbrand, and Asbrand, [112], [113];
hails Thorbiorn while out fishing, [112];
urges Howard to seek vengeance, [113], [114]
Birkabeyn. Rule of, as king over Denmark, [74];
Swanborow and Elfleda, daughters of, and Havelok, son of, [74];
commits Havelok to care of Jarl Godard, [75];
death and funeral of, [75];
Jarl Ubbe, an old friend of, [87]
Black Colin of Loch Awe, [249];
son of Sir Nigel Campbell, [249];
Patterson, name of foster-parents, [250];
messenger tells of new crusade, [250];
decides to go on crusade, [251];
his wife’s grief, [251];
touches at Edinburgh and ships at Leith, en route to Holy Land, [253];
his desire to see Holy Land and Holy Sepulchre, [253];
reaches Rome, [253];
sees Pope, [253];
regards Pope as Vicar of Christ, [253];
journeys to Rhodes, [253];
takes service with Knights of St. John, [253];
a pilgrim at Jerusalem, [253];
letter in name of, forged by Baron MacCorquodale, [255];
falsely reported wounded by Saracens, [255];
hears news of wife’s impending second marriage, [257];
returns home, [258];
welcomed by foster-mother, [259];
disguised as a beggar, hands token to his wife, [262];
recognised and welcomed by his wife, [262]
Black Douglas. Scottish hero, [248]
Black Monk, The. Captured by Robin Hood’s followers, [330];
high cellarer in Abbey of St. Mary, [331];
Robin Hood confiscates his gold as repayment of loan to Sir Richard of the Lea, [331], [332];
departs from greenwood, [332]
Black Sainglain. One of Cuchulain’s magic steeds, [191]
Blancandrin. Vassal of King Marsile, [123];
overtaken by Ganelon, [130];
Ganelon and, plot Roland’s destruction, [131]
Blaye. Bodies of Roland, Oliver, and Turpin buried in cathedral of, [155]
Bluemire. Dwelling-place of Howard the Halt, [97]
Bog of Allen. Cathleen’s messenger declared to be sick in, [177]
Bors, Sir. A Knight of the Round Table, [266]
Bourne, Hall of. Home of Leofric, Earl of Mercia, [336]
Brand. Trusted serving-man of Thorbiorn, [97], [102]
Breca. Famous swimming champion, beaten by Beowulf, [6];
son of Beanstan, [12]
Bricriu of the Bitter Tongue. Compared with Thersites, [186];
invites King Conor and Red Branch heroes to a feast, [186];
stirs up strife among heroes of Ulster, [187], [188];
flatters the wives of the heroes, [189], [190]
Brigit.
1. Of the Holy Fire; wrath of, and Irish people, [158].
2. Cathleen’s old servant, [173]
Briseis. Achilles and his sulks concerning, [184]
Britain. Legend of “The Dream of Maxen Wledig” shows importance of Constantine to, [42];
ambassadors of Maxen Wledig carried to, [47];
conquered by Maxen Wledig from Beli, son of Manogan, [48];
given by Maxen Wledig to Eudav, [49];
Elene summoned from, is baptized, and seeks the sacred Cross, [54-62];
Constantine sent to, [63];
Constantine proclaimed emperor of, [63]
Britons, Early, Greeks of Homer, and Irish Celts, racial affinity between, [184]
Brittany. Roland, prefect of marches of, [120]
Bruce, Robert. Scottish hero, [248];
Sir Nigel Campbell, adherent of, [249]

C
Caerlleon. See [Caernarvon], [49]
Caermarthen. See [Caernarvon], [49]
Caernarvon. Castle in land of Arvon in which Princess Helena dwelt, [48];
given with castles Caerlleon and Caermarthen to Princess Helena as dowry, [49]
Cain. Grendel, offspring of, [4]
Caledonians. Defeated by Constantius, [63]
Calidore, Sir. Mediæval Wales had a knight of courtesy equal to, [265]
Calvary. The hill of, [58], [59], [61]
Campbell, Sir Nigel. Leader in Scottish Independence, [249];
father of Black Colin, [249];
his death, [250];
clansmen of, accompany Black Colin to Holy Land, [252]
Caradoc. Father of Eudav; grandfather of Princess Helena, and of Princes Kynon and Adeon, [49]
Carlisle. Outlaw band near town of, in Englewood Forest, [226];
reference to sheriff of, [227];
William of Cloudeslee goes to, [227];
sheriff informed of William’s presence at, [229];
outlaws Adam Bell and Clym go to, [234];
the outlaws escape from, [239];
King Arthur keeps Christmas at, [266];
Sir Gawayne and loathly lady wedded at, [280]
Cathbad. Druid; Cuchulain’s tutor, [185]
Cathleen. Irish countess; legend concerning, [156];
antiquity of the legend, [156];
the story, [156-183];
her grief because of her people’s famine, [161];
prays to Virgin Mary, [163];
Fergus, steward of, [163];
value of her wealth, [164];
commands Fergus to provide food for sufferers from famine, [165];
her goodness extolled by the demons, [169];
hears of demon traders, [172];
tries to check traffic in souls, [174];
visits demons, [176];
Oona, foster-mother to, [178];
revisits demons, [179];
sells her soul, [179], [180];
her death, [182]
Catholic Church. Pope, head of, [119]
Celion. Constantine to send to, for Bishop Sylvester, [71]
Celtic Literature. Spirit of mysticism in all, [156]
Celts. Gospel preached to, by St. Patrick, [157];
Irish, early Britons, and Greeks of Homer, racial affinity between, [184]
Champion.
1. Of Erin: compared with Achilles, [184];
Cuchulain the, his fame at age of seventeen, [185];
Bricriu urges Laegaire to claim title of, [187];
title to go to warrior who obtains Champion’s Bit, [187];
tests to decide claims to title of, [193], [194], [196-203];
Uath the Stranger challenges the heroes to a test to decide claims to title, [199-203].
2. Of Women: Hereward known as, [351]
Champion of Ireland. See [Champion of Erin].
Champion’s Bit, The, [187], [188];
claimed by chariot-drivers of Laegaire, Conall, and Cuchulain, [188], [189];
awarded by Queen Meave to Laegaire, [195];
heroes severally claim, [195], [196];
tests to decide claims to, [196-203]
Chanson de Roland. Roland and, [121];
late version of Anglo-Norman poem, [122];
Thorold, author of, [122]
Charlemagne. World-famed equivalent, [119];
head of Roman Empire, [119];
Roland, nephew of, [119];
expedition into Spain, [119];
receives an embassage from Marsile, [124];
calls his Twelve Peers to council, [125];
sends Ganelon to Saragossa, [128-130];
receives through Ganelon the keys of Saragossa, [134];
his evil dream, [134], [137];
hears Roland’s horn, [145], [146];
hastens to the rescue, [146];
avenges death of Roland and the Peers, [153], [154];
his return to Aix, [155];
his son, Louis, promised to Aude the Fair, [155]
Charles the Great. King of the Franks, world-famed as Charlemagne, [119].
See [Charlemagne]
Childe Horn. See [Horn]
Chosen People. The Jews the, [56]
Christ. The Cross the sign of, [53];
the Resurrection of, preached to Constantine, [53];
Constantine’s desire to find the sacred Cross, [54];
inhabitants of Suddene who believe on, threatened with death, [287]
Christendom. Enriched by treasures of the True Cross and Holy Nails, [62]
Christian-s. Preach the way of life to Constantine, [53];
the Lord of, [57];
faith, in Iceland, [96], [97];
law, to be driven out of Suddene by law of Mahomet, [287]
Church of Rome. Constantine’s generosity to, [42]
Churchmen. Beaten and battered by Gamelyn, [217]
Cinderella. Root idea of, similar to “Gamelyn,” [204]
Clym of the Cleugh. Outlaw leader in forest of Englewood, [226];
declared powerless to deliver William of Cloudeslee, [233];
his stratagem to save William of Cloudeslee, [234];
rescues William from death, [238];
visits London to see the king, [241];
the king pardons, [243]
Colin, Black. See [Black Colin], [249]
Comala. Hero in Gaelic Highland poems, [248]
Conall Cearnach. Cuchulain’s cousin, a Red Branch chief, [187];
urged to claim title of Chief Champion, [187];
awarded Champion’s Portion, [195];
claim tested by Curoi, [196-203];
disgraced by Uath, [201]
Confessio Amantis. Early English poem, by “the moral Gower,” [42];
story told in, of Constantine’s true charity, [64]
Connaught. Ailill, King of, [189];
heroes sent to Cruachan in, [190]
Conor. King of Ulster, [185];
Cuchulain, nephew of, [185];
Dechtire, sister of, [185];
invited with the heroes of Red Branch to a feast by Bricriu, [186];
received with court at Dundrum by Bricriu, [188]
Conqueror, William the. Cause of England being laid at feet of, [338]
Constantine III. King of Scotland; marriage of Anlaf with daughter of, [73]
Constantine the Great. Emperor of Rome; renown in mediæval England, [42];
Cynewulf’s poem, “Elene,” written on the subject of his conversion, [42];
his vision of the Holy Cross, [42], [50], [51];
generosity to Church of Rome and Bishop Sylvester, [42];
legends concerning, [42];
the only British-born Roman emperor, [49];
his greatness provokes a confederation to overthrow him by Huns, Goths, Franks, and Hugas, [50];
conquers Huns by Cross standard, [52];
Christians preach the way of life to, [53];
is baptized into the Christian faith, [53];
his desire to find the sacred Cross, [54];
sends for Elene, [54];
ordains “Holy Cross Day,” [62];
eldest son of Constantius, [63];
sent to Britain, [63];
proclaimed emperor, [63];
granted title of “Cæsar,” [64];
marriage with Fausta, [64];
elevation to rank of Augustus, [64];
Emperor of Rome, [64];
attacked by leprosy, [64];
the remedies suggested, [65-72];
his noble resolve, [68];
his vision, [69-70];
his healing, [71-72]
Constantius. Emperor Maxentius hero of the Welsh saga instead of, [42];
father of Constantine the Great, [63];
proclaimed Emperor of Britain, [63]
Cornish Princess, The. Daughter of King Alef, affianced to Prince Sigtryg, [343], [344], [345], [346];
Haco betrothed to, [347], [348];
receives token from Hereward, [348];
reveals Haco’s plans to Hereward, [349];
rescued from Haco, [350];
guards, all slain, [351];
wedded by Sigtryg, [351]
Cornwall. Godrich, Earl of, [80];
Bertram made Earl of, [94];
Hereward sails for, [343];
Alef, King of, [343];
Sigtryg and Hereward sail for, [347]
Coventry. Lady Godiva’s ride through, [335]
Crescent. Cross exalted above the, [253]
Cross. The Holy, Constantine’s vision of, [42], [50], [51];
Romans conquer Huns by, [52];
the people awed by the standard of the, [53];
Constantine’s desire to find the sacred, [54];
Elene’s quest after, [54-62];
secret place of, revealed by Judas, [61];
“Holy Cross Day” ordained, [62]
Cruachan. Conor sends heroes to Ailill at, [190];
Good People’s Hill at, [193];
heroes bid farewell to court at, [195]
Crusade-s. Reference to, [249];
Black Colin receives tidings of one about to be set on foot, [250];
Black Colin decides to go on, [251];
story of Horn typical of romance of the, [286]
Cuchulain. Reference to Connla and, [95];
Irish hero, [156];
often called “the Irish Achilles,” [184];
nephew of King Conor and son of Dechtire, [185];
god Lugh, reputed father of, [185];
champion in Ulster and all Ireland, [185];
bride sought for, [186];
wooes and weds Emer, daughter of Forgall the Wily, [186];
Conall Cearnach, cousin of, [187];
urged to claim title of Chief Champion, [188];
Grey of Macha and Black Sainglain, magic steeds of, [191];
awarded golden cup and Champion’s Portion, [195];
claim tested by Curoi, [196-203];
answers Uath’s tests, [202];
acclaimed Champion of Heroes of all Ireland, [203]
Curoi of Munster. Failing a judgment from Ailill, to be asked to decide claims to title of Chief Champion, [190];
heroes go to, to hear his judgment, [196];
puts heroes to certain tests in order to decide claims, [196-203];
assumes form of giant under name of Uath, the Stranger, [199-203]
Curtius. Reference to, [156]
Cuthbert. Name under which Childe Horn serves King Thurston in Ireland, [301], [302]
Cynewulf (ki´nĕ-wulf). Early English religious poet; “Elene,” his poem on the subject of conversion of Constantine the Great, [42]
Cyriacus. Baptismal name of Judas, [61];
Bishop of Jerusalem, [61]

D
Dagda. Irish people and wrath of, [158]
Da´g-hrefn. Frankish warrior who slays Hygelac; killed by Beowulf’s deadly hand-grip, [35]
Danes. Corpse of Scyld sorrowfully placed in vessel by, [2];
feasting of, in Heorot, [4];
slain in Heorot by Grendel, [4];
desert Heorot, [5];
welcome Geats and Beowulf, [10];
rejoice over Beowulf’s victory, [18-29];
friendship with Geats, [30];
Gospel preached to, [157];
Prince Sigtryg sends forty to King Alef, [348];
plan ambush for Haco, [350];
rescue Cornish princess, [350], [351]
Danish.
1. Occupation of England and its influence on language, &c., [73].
2. Invasions, hero-legends which have come down from times of, [286]
Danube. Huns overwhelmed in, [52]
Dechtire. Sister of King Conor, [185]
Decius. Reference to, [156]
Demons. Appear in Erin to buy souls, [168];
visited by Cathleen, [176];
revisited by her, [179];
Cathleen sells her soul to, to ransom her people, [179];
cheated of Cathleen’s soul, [182]
Denmark. Under sway of Scyld Scefing, [2];
Scyld Scefing mysteriously comes to, as babe, [2];
Beowulf sails to deliver King of, from Grendel, [6];
Warden of, challenges Beowulf, [6];
King Birkabeyn’s rule over, [74];
Godard made regent of, on behalf of Havelok, [75];
Havelok sails from, with Grim, [80];
Havelok’s dream concerning, [86];
Havelok’s return to, and recognition as King of, [87-92]
Diarmuit. Irish hero, [156]
Diocletian. Emperor; Constantine evades jealousy of, [63]
Dodderer. Horse offered as wergild by Thorbiorn to Howard, [107]
Dover. Princess Goldborough imprisoned in castle of, [81];
Hereward sails from, to Whitby, [339]
Dublin. Demons arrive at village near, [168]
Dundrum. Bricriu receives King Conor and court at, [188]
Dunstan. Monk; his saintly reputation, [335]
Durendala. Roland’s famous sword, [136];
Roland tries in vain to break, [152]

E
Ecgtheow (eg´theow). Father of Beowulf, [10];
shielded by Hrothgar against Wilfings, [11]
Edinburgh. Black Colin at, en route to Holy Land, [253]
Edward.
1. The First: reference to war between England and Scotland during reign of, [249];
2. The Second: reference, ibid., [249].
3. The Confessor: division of England under, [335];
Hereward at court of, [337], [338];
banishes Hereward, [338], [339];
Alftruda, ward of, [339]
Egypt. Constantine’s valour in wars in, [64];
philosophers from, with remedies for Constantine’s leprosy, [65]
Electra. Reference to Orestes and, [95]
Elena. Same as Elene and Helena, [63]
“Elene” (elā´nĕ). Cynewulf’s poem of, on the subject of Constantine’s conversion, [42];
summoned from Britain by Constantine, is baptized, and seeks the sacred Cross, [54-62].
Same as Helena (Elena), [63]
Elfleda the Fair. Daughter of King Birkabeyn, [74];
slain by Godard, [76]
Ely. Hereward’s defence of, [334]
Emer. Daughter of Forgall the Wily; wooed and wedded by Cuchulain, [186];
flattered by Bricriu, [189];
flattered by Queen Meave, [195];
adjudged by Uath to have first place among all the women of Ulster, [203]
Engelier the Gascon. Mortally wounded, [143]
England. Mediæval, and Constantine the Great, [42];
influence on language by Danish occupation, [73];
Athelstan, King of, [73];
Athelwold, King of, [80];
Grim sails from Denmark to, [80];
arrives at, in Humber (Grimsby), [81];
Havelok’s dream concerning, [86];
Fergus journeys to, [165];
the outlaw of mediæval, [225];
King of, pardons outlaws, William of Cloudeslee, &c., [243];
war between Scotland and, [249];
government of, during twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth centuries, [314];
division of, under Edward the Confessor, [335];
cause of being laid at Conqueror’s feet, [338]
Englewood. Outlaws in forest of, under Adam Bell, William of Cloudeslee, and Clym of the Cleugh, [226];
outlaw band broken up, [247]
Ercol. Ailill’s foster-father; heroes sent to, [194]
Erin. See [Ireland], [157];
demons appear in, [168];
Champion of, compared with Achilles, [184];
land of, searched for bride for Cuchulain, [186]
Eudav. Son of Caradoc, father of Princess Helena, [49];
Kynon and Adeon, sons of, [49]
Europe. Ruled from City of Seven Hills (Rome) by Emperor Maxen Wledig, [43];
Constantine granted rule over Western, [64];
relation between Greek and Irish literature among literatures of, [184]
Evil One. Tales relating dealings with, reference to, [157];
demons buy souls for, [168-182]
Excalibur. King Arthur’s sword, [269]

F
Fairy Bear, The. A white Polar bear owned by Gilbert of Ghent, [340];
reputed kinship of, to Earl Siward, [340], [342];
slain by Hereward, [341];
Hereward’s trick on Norman knights with, [341], [342]
Fairy People of the Hills. King Ailill seeks aid of, [193]
Faith. Bishop Sylvester preaches the Christian, to Constantine, [71];
Charlemagne fights for, [119];
Marsile to embrace the Christian, [131];
the true, English knowledge of, [165];
Irish sufferers tempted to revolt from, [167]
Fall, The, of Man, [71]
Faust. Legends, trend of, [157]
Fausta. Daughter of Emperor Maximian and wife of Constantine, [64]
Fedelm. Wife of Laegaire, [189]
Fen Country. Hereward, the terror of the, [336]
Fenians. Champions of the, identical with Highland Gaelic heroes, [248]
Fergus the White. Cathleen’s steward, [163];
foster-brother to Cathleen’s grandfather, [164];
declares value of Cathleen’s wealth, [164];
sends servant to buy food at Ulster, [165];
journeys to England, [165];
returns with help, [182]
Fikenhild. Horn’s companion next in favour to Athulf, [287];
spies on Horn and Rymenhild, [299], [300];
demands Rymenhild in marriage, [311];
slain by Horn, [313]
Fingal. Hero in Gaelic Highland poems, [248];
Scotch embodiment of Finn, [248]
Finn. Fingal Scotch embodiment, [248]
Finn of the Frisians. Victory of Danes over, chanted in Heorot, [19]
Finnsburg. Fight in, sung of in Heorot, [19]
Fitela. Son of Sigmund; glory of, chanted by Danish bard, [18]
Flemings. Or Normans; Hereward enrolled among, to qualify for knighthood, [339];
Hereward’s trick on, with Fairy Bear, [341], [342]
Forefathers. Feelings of our, embodied in “Beowulf,” [1]
Forgall the Wily. Cuchulain wooes Emer, daughter of, [186]
France. Victories of Charlemagne for, [119];
Charlemagne sets out for, [134]
Frankish.
1. Warrior, Daghrefn, slays Hygelac, and is slain by Beowulf, [35].
2. Army marches towards Pyrenees, [134];
arrives too late to rescue Roland, [146]
Franks. Charles the Great (Charlemagne), King of, [119];
Saracen host encamps near, [134];
and Moors meet in battle, [140];
defeat the Saracens, [141];
attacked by second Saracen army, [142];
defeat the heathens once more, [143];
attacked by third Saracen army, [144]
French Literature, developing “Roland Saga,” [121]
Friar Tuck. See [Tuck]

G
Galerius. Constantine evades hatred of, [63];
grants Constantine title of “Cæsar,” [63]
Gamelyn. Tale of, a variant of fairy-tale “Wicked Elder Brothers,” [204];
ultimate source, through Lodge’s “Euphues’ Golden Legacy,” of As You Like It, [204];
literary ancestor of “Robin Hood,” [204];
Sir John of the Marshes, father of, [205];
left in charge of eldest brother, John, [206];
resists him, [207], [208];
victorious at wrestling match, [210], [211];
overcomes his brother’s servants, [212];
allows himself to be chained, [213];
released by Adam Spencer, [214], [215];
batters the Churchmen, [217];
puts his brother John in chains, [217];
puts sheriff’s men to flight, [218];
goes to the greenwood, [219];
joins the outlaws, [220];
proclaimed a wolf’s-head, [220];
arrested, [221];
Otho offers himself as surety, [221];
fails to appear at court, [222], [223];
releases Otho, [223];
sits on judge’s seat and condemns Sir John, [224];
made chief forester by King Edward, [224];
made Otho’s heir, [224]
Ganelon. Romance version of Danilo or Nanilo, [121];
compared with Judas, [121];
one of Charlemagne’s Twelve Peers, [125];
his hostility to Roland, [126];
plots with Blancandrin the destruction of Roland, [131];
delivers to Marsile the message of Charlemagne, [131], [132];
swears on sacred relics the treacherous death of Roland, [134];
delivers keys of Saragossa to Charlemagne, [134];
deceives Charlemagne concerning sound of Roland’s horn, [145], [146];
arrested for treason, [146];
his death as a traitor, [155];
his name a byword in France for treachery, [155]
Gareth, Sir. One of King Arthur’s nephews, [266]
Gascons. Attack Charlemagne, [119]
Gautier, Count. Roland’s vassal, [136]
Gawayne, Sir. King Arthur’s nephew, the true Knight of Courtesy, [265];
learns of King Arthur’s adventure with the giant, [274];
learns the price to be paid for the loathly lady’s secret, [275];
offers to pay it by marrying the loathly lady, [275];
betroths the loathly lady, [279], [280];
weds the loathly lady, [280];
his choice frees the loathly lady from magic spells, [281], [283];
the beauty of his bride, [281-285]
Geatish Court. Beowulf brought up at, [6]
Geatland. Same as Götaland; news of Grendel’s ravages reaches, [6];
Beowulf sails to, [29];
welcomed to shores of, [29], [30]
Geats. Hygelac, King of, [1];
Götaland, realm of, [5];
arrival with Beowulf at Danish shores, [7];
friendship with Danes, [30];
forsake Beowulf in his encounter with the fire-dragon, [36];
their sorrow over Beowulf’s death, [40-41]
Gerier. Peer of Charlemagne; mortally wounded, [143]
Gerin. Peer of Charlemagne; mortally wounded, [143]
Germany. Forefathers who dwelt in North, [1];
Hygelac seeks conquest of his neighbours on mainland of, [5]
Ghent. See [Gilbert]
Gilbert of Ghent. Hereward’s godfather, [339];
Hereward received by, [339];
his Fairy Bear, slain by Hereward, [340], [341];
Hereward quits his castle, [342];
Hereward takes farewell of, [343]
Glenurchy. Glen belonging to MacGregors, given to Sir Nigel Campbell, [249];
Black Colin inherits, [250];
Lady of, grieves over her husband’s departure on crusade, [251];
Baron MacCorquodale’s land borders, [256];
Black Colin’s return to, [258];
new castle built with rents of, [264]
God. The Unknown, reverenced by Constantine, [51];
the people awed by the token of the Unknown, [53];
worship of the True, [157];
famine cools love for, [167]
Godard, Jarl. Counsellor and friend of King Birkabeyn, [75];
Havelok committed to care of, [75];
regency over Denmark, [75];
his cruelty, [76-78];
his treachery disclosed and punished by death, [91-92]
Godhild. Queen of Suddene, King Murry’s consort, the mother of Horn, [286];
hears of husband’s death and flees, [288]
Godiva, Lady. Wife of Leofric, Earl of Mercia, [335];
her famous ride through Coventry, [335];
Hereward, second son of, [336]
Godrich. Earl of Cornwall, regent for Princess Goldborough, [80];
his rule, [81];
imprisons Princess Goldborough out of jealousy, [81];
attends sports at Lincoln, [83];
hears of Havelok’s skill and strength, [83];
enforces a marriage between Havelok and Goldborough, [84];
captured, tried as a traitor, and burnt at the stake, [93-94]
Godwin. Earl of Kent, [335];
Lady Gytha, wife of, [335];
intercedes on behalf of Hereward, [338];
Hereward bids farewell to, [339]
Goldborough. English princess, daughter of King Athelwold; orphaned, [80];
Earl Godrich regent for, [80];
imprisoned in Dover Castle, [81];
forced to wed Havelok, [84];
learns in a dream of Havelok’s royal birth, [86];
crowned Queen of England, [94]
Golden Age. Forefathers cherished lifetime of ancestors as, [1]
Götaland. Realm of Geats, in south of Sweden, [5].
See [Geatland], [7]
Goths. Form a confederation with the Huns, Franks, and Hugas to overthrow Constantine, [50]
Gower, “The Moral.” Early English poet; his poem “Confessio Amantis” and Constantine’s conversion, [42];
story told in “Confessio Amantis” of Constantine’s true charity, [64]
Greece. Philosophers from, with remedies for Constantine’s leprosy, [65]
Greek-s. Elene touches at land of, [56];
literature, relation of, to Irish literature, [184];
of Homer, early Britons, and Irish Celts, racial affinity between, [184]
Grendel. A loathsome fen-monster, [3];
enmity aroused by the feasting at Heorot, [4];
slays and devours Danes in Heorot, [4];
master of Heorot, [5];
Beowulf determines to attack, [6];
struggles with Beowulf in Heorot, [16];
worsted by Beowulf, [17];
mother of, avenges his death, [21]
Grey of Macha. Cuchulain’s best-beloved horse, [191]
Grim. Legendary hero whose loyalty secured privileges to Grimsby, [74];
Godard’s thrall, [77];
ordered to drown Havelok, [77];
saves and maintains Havelok, [79-82];
sails from Denmark to England, [80];
sends Havelok to Lincoln, [82];
his death, [85];
his three sons, Robert the Red, William Wendut, and Hugh the Raven, [87]
Grimsby. The town of Grim, [74];
Havelok at fish-market of, [82];
battle near, between Havelok and Godrich, [93]
Gudrun. Reference to Siegfried and, [95]
Guenever, Queen. Wife of King Arthur, [266];
dreads magic arts during husband’s absence, [274];
learns of King Arthur’s adventure with the giant, [274];
welcomes the loathly lady at court, [280]
Guest, The Wise. Sister of, marries Thorbiorn, [103];
Howard seeks at the Thing, [108], [109], [110];
his judgment against Thorbiorn, [110], [111];
removes his sister from Thorbiorn, [111];
gives judgment at Thing against Howard, [118]
Gytha, Lady. Wife of Godwin, Earl of Kent, [335]

H
Habloc. Welsh name for Havelok, [73]
Haco. Cornish leader; betrothed to the Cornish princess, [347];
Cornish princess reveals plans of, to Hereward, [349];
ambush planned for, [350];
slain by Hereward, [350]
Harold. Son of King Thurston, [301];
slain by the Saracens, [302]
Hart, The. See [Heorot], [3]
Hastings. Battle of, and “Song of Roland,” [122]
Hathcyn. Son of King Hrethel, brought up with Beowulf; slays his brother, Herebeald, [34];
slain himself by Swedes, [35]
Hauteclaire. Oliver’s sword, [141]
Havelok the Dane. Legend of, [73];
Anlaf, equivalent, [73];
hero of the strong arm, in mediæval England, [74];
son of King Birkabeyn of Denmark, [74];
committed to care of Jarl Godard, [75];
imprisoned by Godard, [76-77];
saved and maintained by Grim, [78-82];
brought by Grim to England, [80];
his feats of strength, [82-84];
Goldborough forced to wed, [84-85];
Grim’s three sons accompany to Denmark, [87];
aided by Jarl Ubbe, [88-93];
Ubbe recognises as heir to throne of Denmark, and renders homage to, [90-91];
acknowledged King of Denmark, [92];
and of England, [94]
Healfdene (ha´lf-dānĕ). Father of King Hrothgar, [9]
Heardred (ha´rd-red). Son of Hygelac and Hygd; succeeds his father, [31];
his death, [31]
Hector. Reference to death of, [95]
Helena. British princess; marriage with Constantine glorified in “Mabinogion,” [42];
hailed as Empress of Rome, [48], [49];
receives three castles as dowry, Caernarvon, Caerlleon, and Caermarthen, [49];
mother of Constantine the Great, [63]
Hell. The purchase of souls for, [170-183];
Cathleen sells her soul to, [179]
Hengest. Deeds of, chanted in Heorot, [19]
Heorot (hyo´r-ŏt). Hall built by Hrothgar, [3];
same as “The Hart,” [3];
enmity of Grendel to, [4];
feasting of Danes in, [4];
Danes slaughtered in, by Grendel, [4];
deserted by Danes, [5];
Grendel master of, [5];
Geats proceed to, [9];
feast in, to welcome Beowulf, [12];
Grendel and Beowulf struggle in, [16];
Grendel’s mother enters and carries off Aschere, [21]
Herebeald (he´rĕ-bald). Son of King Hrethel, brought up with Beowulf, [34]
Hereward. One of the famous outlaws, [225];
the Saxon, personality real, yet surrounded by cloud of romance, [334];
the ideal of Anglo-Saxon chivalry, as Roland of Norman, [334];
second son of Leofric and Godiva, [336];
terror of Fen Country, [336];
at court, and his conduct there, [337];
banished as an outlaw, [338], [339];
his farewell, [338], [339];
his first meeting with Alftruda, [339];
goes to his godfather, Gilbert of Ghent, [339];
enrolled among Flemings to qualify for knighthood, [339];
his encounter with the Fairy Bear, [340], [341];
rescues Alftruda, [341];
his trick on the Norman knights, [341], [342];
leaves Northumbria, [342];
takes farewell of Alftruda, [342];
takes farewell of Gilbert of Ghent, [343];
sails for Cornwall, [343];
at court of King Alef, [343];
kills the Pictish giant, [343];
imprisoned by King Alef, [343];
released by King Alef’s daughter, [344], [345];
sails for Ireland, [346];
sails for Cornwall with Prince Sigtryg, [347];
obtains admission to Haco’s bridal feast, [348];
learns Haco’s plans, [349];
slays Haco and helps to rescue Cornish princess, [350], [351];
known as Hereward the Saxon, the Champion of Women, [351]
Herod. Constantine declared more cruel than, [67]
Het-ware, The. Expedition against, [31], [34]
Highlands. Gaelic, old ballads, heroes in, [248];
ballads, merely versions of Irish Gaelic hero-legends, [248];
Irish Gaelic hero-legends carried from Erin to, [248]
Hildeburh, Queen. Deeds of, chanted in Heorot, [19]
Hnæf (năf). Deeds of, chanted in Heorot, [19]
Holy Cross. Constantine’s vision of, [42], [50], [51];
his desire to find, [54];
Elene’s quest after, [54-62];
Judas confesses to knowledge of sacred truth of, [57];
Judas refuses to reveal place of, at first, but is prevailed upon by starvation, [58], [59];
the “Day” of, ordained, [62]
Holy Innocents. Constantine declared more cruel than Herod, who killed the, [67]
Holy Land. Black Colin receives tidings of fresh crusade in, [250];
sets out for, [252];
Black Colin’s desire to see, [253]
Holy Nails. Obtained by Elene, [61];
given to Constantine, [62]
Holy Rood. King Arthur vows by, [268];
giant forces him to swear by, [270]
Holy Sepulchre. Black Colin’s desire to see, [253]
Holy Tree. See [Holy Cross]
Homer. Greeks of, early Britons, and Irish Celts, racial affinity between, [184]
Hood, Robin. See [Robin Hood]
Horn. His story originally a story of Viking raids, [286];
son of King Murry and Queen Godhild, [286], [308];
Athulf, and next Fikenhild, his favourite companions, [287];
captured by Saracens, [288];
cast adrift upon the sea, [288], [289];
lands on shore of Westernesse, [289];
questioned by King of Westernesse, [290];
adopted by King Ailmar, [291];
Athelbrus trains as a knight, [291], [292];
loved by Princess Rymenhild, [292];
Athulf personates before Princess Rymenhild, [293];
welcomed to Rymenhild’s bower, and hears her declaration of love, [294], [295];
dubbed knight, [297];
his first exploit, [298];
spied on by Fikenhild, [299], [300];
banished by King Ailmar, [300];
sails for Ireland, [301];
serves King Thurston under name of Cuthbert, [301];
slays the giant emir, [301], [302];
King Thurston offers his kingdom and daughter to, [302];
receives letter from Rymenhild, [304];
reveals his identity to King Thurston and implores his help, [304];
returns to Westernesse, accompanied by Irish knights, [304];
in disguise, visits Rymenhild’s wedding feast, [305];
his stratagem to test Rymenhild’s love, [306], [307];
the fictitious death of, [307];
reveals his identity to Rymenhild, [307];
arranges with Athulf to deliver Rymenhild, [308];
weds Rymenhild, [308];
reconquers Suddene, [310];
finds his mother, [310], [311];
crowned King of Suddene, [311];
warned in dream of Rymenhild’s danger, [311];
his return to Westernesse, [311], [312];
slays Fikenhild, [313];
dwells at Suddene with Rymenhild, [313]
Howard the Halt. Popular Icelandic saga, [96];
famous Viking, [97];
Biargey, wife of, [97];
Olaf, son of, [97];
upbraids Olaf, [100];
removes from Bathstead, [103];
mourns Olaf’s death, [106];
claims wergild for Olaf, [106-111];
sheltered by Steinthor, [108], [109];
urged by Biargey to seek vengeance, [106], [107], [113];
seeks help of Valbrand, [114];
slays Thorbiorn, [116];
sheltered by Steinthor, [117];
judgment of Thing against, [118];
his nephews exiled, [118]
Hrethel (rethel). Father of Hygelac and grandfather of Beowulf, [6];
Beowulf and the king’s sons, Herebeald, Hathcyn, and Hygelac, [34];
Beowulf recites his death, [35]
Hrethric (re´th-ric). Son of Hrothgar; succeeds his father, [31]
Hrothgar (roth´gār). Great-grandson of Scyld, [2];
builds the hall Heorot, or “The Hart,” [3];
grief of, over Grendel’s fierce ravages, [4];
champions offer aid to, [5];
Geats conducted to, [8];
son of Healfdene, [9];
Wealhtheow, wife of, [14];
rejoices over Beowulf’s victory, [18-29];
Aschere, thane of, carried off by Grendel’s mother, [21];
grief of, over loss of Aschere, [22];
succeeded by his son Hrethric, [31]
Hrunting (runting). Hunferth’s sword, lent Beowulf for the purpose of attacking Grendel’s mother, [23-25]
Hugas. See [Huns], [50]
Hugh the Raven. Youngest son of Grim; accompanies Havelok to Denmark, [87]
Humber. Grim arrives in, [81]
Hunferth. Hrothgar’s orator, jealous of Beowulf, [12];
lends Beowulf his sword, Hrunting, [23], [24]
Huns. Form a confederation with the Goths, Franks, and Hugas to overthrow Constantine, [50];
Romans conquer by Cross standard, [52]
Hygd. Wife of King Hygelac; hails Beowulf’s return to Geatland, [29], [30];
offers crown to Beowulf, [31]
Hygelac (hē´gĕ-lac). King of Geats, [1];
son of King Hrethel, [5], [34];
brother-in-law of Ecgtheow, [6];
uncle of Beowulf, [6];
hails Beowulf’s return to Geatland, [29], [30];
Beowulf chief champion of, [30];
slain in expedition against the Hetware, [31];
succeeded by his son, Heardred, [31];
brought up with brothers, Herebeald and Hathcyn, and Beowulf, [34]

I
Icefirth. Thorbiorn in, [97]
Iceland. Christian faith in, [96], [97]
Icelandic.
1. Saga, “Howard the Halt,” [96].
2. Ghosts, reference to, [96]
Innis Eoalan. The Lady of Loch Awe builds a castle on ruins of White House on, [257]
Innocents, Holy. Constantine declared more cruel than Herod, who killed the, [67]
Ireland. Characteristics common to people of, [156];
known in olden Europe as “Isle of Saints,” [157];
Gospel preached to people of, [157];
High King of, convinced of truth of Trinity, [157];
strife in, [158];
famine in, [159-183];
famine tempts people to revolt from the True Faith, [167];
demons arrive in, [168];
Cuchulain without fear among the champions of, [185];
Horn at, [301-304];
Horn touches at, on way to Suddene, [313];
Sigtryg, son of a Danish king, in, [343];
Hereward sails for, [346]
Irish. Relation of literature, to Greek literature, [184];
Celts, early Britons, and Greeks of Homer, one stock, [184];
heroes, and legends concerning, [248]
Isle of Saints. See [Ireland], [157]
Italy. Claims Roland in guise of Orlando, Orlando Furioso, Orlando Innamorato, [121]