Travels in Western Africa, in the years 1818, 19, 20, and 21, from the river Gambia, through Woolli, Bondoo, Galam, Kasson, Kaarta, and Foolidoo, to the river Niger

by Major William Gray; Staff Surgeon Dochard

Date.		Therm. Fahrenheit, in theshade.				State of theatmosphere.		Remarks.
Month.	Day.	6 A.M.	Noon.	3 P.M.	8 P.M.	Forenoon.	Afternoon.
		°	°	°	°
August	16	76	85	87½	85	Cloudy.	Clear.
—	17	77	85	88	84	Do.*	Rain.		* Accompanied by a tornado.
—	18	75	79	81	85	Do.	Do.
—	19	78	85	84	78	Rain*.	Do.		* Very heavy.
—	20	73	77	86	80	Do.	Cloudy.
—	21	74	84	83	82	Clear.	Clear.
—	22	77	83	88	79	Rain*.	Cloudy.		* Accompanied by tornado.
—	23	76	85	87	84	Cloudy.	Do.
—	24	70	80	87	80	Rain*.	Cloudy.		* Slight.
—	25	73	82	86	85	Cloudy.	Rain†.		† Do.
—	26	71	82	85	87	Do.	Do.		Do.
—	27	74	85	85	88	Do.	Cloudy.
—	28	72	85	85	84	Do.	Do.
—	29	79	81	86	83	Do.	Do.
—	30	79	84	86	80	Rain*.	Do.		* Slight.
—	31	76	82	88	80	Haze.	Rain†.		Do.
September	1	70	81	88½	83	Rain*.	Do.		* Accompanied by a tornado.
—	2	75	80	79	76	Rain.	Rain.		Slight.
—	3	74	77	86	76	Do.	Do.		Do.
—	4	78	80	83	77	Cloudy.	Cloudy.
—	5	78½	84	85	82	Do.	Do.
—	6	73	79	81	70	Do.	Do.
—	7	77	84	87	82	Clear.	Clear.
—	8	76	82	88	80	Cloudy.	Rain†.		† Slight.
—	9	75	82	84	81	Clear.	Do.		Do.
—	10	77	82	87½	85	Rain.	Do.		Heavy, with tornado.
—	11	71	77	79	74	Do.	Cloudy.		Slight.
—	12	75	80	83	78	Cloudy.	Do.
—	13	72	80	86	83	Rain.	Do.		Slight.
—	14	78	71	75	72	Do.	Rain.		Do.
—	15	75	80	85	81	Cloudy.	Cloudy.
—	16	74	81	86	82	Do.	Do.
—	17	75	69	71	73½	Rain.	Rain.		Heavy.
—	18	71	73	75	82	Do.	Cloudy.
—	19	72	84	85	80	Cloudy.	Rain.		Slight.
—	20	73	85	91	94	Haze.	Do.		Do.
—	21	73	79	83	74	Rain.	Rain.		Slight.
—	22	70	81	82	80	Cloudy.	Cloudy.
—	23	73	83	91	88	Clear.	Do.
—	24	76	86	88	89	Haze.	Do.
—	25	70	79	83	80	Rain.	Rain.		Heavy.
—	26	74	86	90	86	Do.	Clear.
—	27	74	80	85	84	Clear.	Do.
—	28	75	82	84	80	Do.	Do.
—	29	72	80	83	82	Cloudy.	Rain.		Slight.
—	30	73	83	84	83	Rain.	Clear.		Do.
October	1	74	80	85	83	Cloudy.	Rain.		Do.
—	2	71	80	82	83	Rain.	Clear.		Do.
—	3	73	86	88	86	Clear.	Do.
—	4	75	82	87	89	Do.	Do.
—	5	70	78	84	85	Cloudy.	Do.
—	6	72	86	90	87	Do.	Rain.		Heavy.
—	7	74	81	84	80	Clear.	Clear.
—	8	77	85	89	87	Do.	Do.
—	9	80	88	92	89	Cloudy.	Cloudy.
—	10	78	84	91	89	Clear.	Clear.
—	11	79	87	90	88	Do.	Do.
—	12	77	87	90	86	Do.	Do.
—	13	78	89	90	87	Do.	Do.
—	14	78	87	91	87	Do.	Cloudy.
—	15	80	88	90	86	Cloudy.	Do.
—	16	78	87	89	88	Do.	Do.
—	17	79	91	94	89	Rain.	Rain.		Heavy.
—	18	77	90	92	87	Clear.	Clear.
—	19	72	87	90	89	Do.	Do.
—	20	74	89	93	90	Do.	Hazy.
—	21	75	88	92	91	Hazy.	Do.
—	22	74	89	96	97	Clear.	Clear.
—	23	79	90	95	54
—	24	79	91	93	90	Dark and hazy.	Dark and hazy.
—	25	74	89	94	90	Do. cloudy.	Do. cloudy.
—	26	77	90	94	87	Cloudy, rain.	Cloudy and rain.		Slight.
—	27	78	91	95	95	Clear.	Clear.
—	28	75	90	94	91	Do.	Do.
—	29	72	86	92	90	Clear.	Clear.	⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎬ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎭	Winds from SW. to W. and NW.
—	30	73	87	93	86	Do.	Cloudy.
—	31	71	86	89	88	Cloudy.	Do.
November	1	68	79	84	86	Clear.	Clear.
—	2	67	84	90	86	Do.	Do.
—	3	71	90	94	89	Do.	Do.
—	4	70	90	95	90	Cloudy.	Cloudy.
—	5	72	90	96	90	Clear.	Clear.
—	6	70	97	90	87	Do.	Do.
—	7	70	90	90	85	Do.	Do.
—	8	71	92	92	83	Do.	Do.
—	9	71	93	94	84	Do.	Do.
—	10	70	90	92	87	Cloudy.	Cloudy.
—	11	71	92	94	86	Clear.	Clear.
—	12	71	92	93	85	Do.	Do.
—	13	70	90	94	87	Cloudy.	Cloudy.
—	14	71	89	92	89	Clear.	Clear.
—	15	70	89	94	89	Do.	Do.
—	16	70	88	92	89	Do.	Do.
—	17	70	88	90	86	Cloudy.	Cloudy.	⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎬ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎭	Winds NE.and E. occasionally NNW.
—	18	70	89	90	84	Clear.	Clear.
—	19	72	89	90	83	Do.	Do.
—	20	71	88	89	82	Do.	Do.
—	21	71	88	88	83	Cloudy.	Cloudy.
—	22	72	89	87	82	Clear.	Clear.
—	23	70	87	87	81	Do.	Do.
—	24	71	86	87	82	Cloudy.	Cloudy.
—	25	70	87	88	80	Do.	Do.
—	26	70	85	86	80	Clear.	Clear.
—	27	70	86	85	80	Do.	Do.
—	28	71	88	87	79	Do.	Do.
—	29	70	86	84	78	Cloudy.	Cloudy.
—	30	71	87	86	78	Do.	Do.
December	1	70	86	84	77	Do.	Do.
—	2	71	85	84	78	Do.	Do.
—	3	70	87	85	79	Do.	Do.
—	4	69	84	84	74	Do.	Do.
—	5	69	86	84	73	Do.	Do.
—	6	70	86	86	75	Clear.	Clear.	⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎬ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎭	Winds N.to NE. and E.,occasionally NNW.
—	7	70	87	86	74	Do.	Do.
—	8	69	86	85	72	Do.	Do.
—	9	69	87	85	70	Do.	Do.
—	10	68	88	87	71	Do.	Do.
—	11	70	88	86	70	Do.	Do.
—	12	69	86	84	69	Do.	Do.
—	13	70	86	85	69	Do.	Do.
—	14	71	86	84	68	Do.	Do.
—	15	69	86	84	65	Do.	Do.
—	16	70	88	87	66	Do.	Do.
—	17	68	85	85	64	Cloudy.	Cloudy.
—	18	68	85	84	65	Do.	Do.
—	19	68	86	84	65	Clear.	Clear.
—	20	69	87	87	68	Cloudy.	Cloudy.
—	21	69	87	87	68	Clear.	Clear.
—	22	70	87	87	66	Do.	Do.
—	23	69	86	86	64	Do.	Do.
—	24	70	84	84	66	Do.	Do.
—	25	70	86	85	63	Cloudy.	Cloudy.	⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎬ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎭	Winds from N. to E. occasionallyNW. The only thermometer I had, was broken in moving to Boolibany, andI was unable to procure another, the French officers at Galamhaving but one.
—	26	69	85	84	64	Clear.	Clear.
—	27	69	85	85	64	Do.	Do.
—	28	70	85	84	65	Do.	Do.
—	29	69	85	84	65	Cloudy.	Cloudy.
—	30	69	85	85	64	Do.	Clear.
—	31	68	84	84	62	Clear.	Do.
1819.
January	1	68	84	83	62	Clear.	Clear.
—	2	69	85	84	64	Do.	Do.
—	3	69	86	85	64	Do.	Do.
—	4	70	87	87	66	Do.	Do.
—	5	70	88	87	65	Do.	Do.
—	6	69	86	86	62	Do.	Do.
—	7	69	86	85	61	Do.	Do.
—	8	69	86	84	61	Do.	Do.
—	9	70	86	86	63	Cloudy.	Cloudy.
—	10	70	87	87	64	Do.	Do.
—	11	70	87	87	64	Clear.	Clear.

METEOROLOGICAL TABLE.—Galam.

Month.	Place.	Greatestaverage height.—Reaumur.					Greatest ave­ragefall.		Remarks.
		Hour.				Deg.	Hour.	Deg.
1819.
July	Baquelle			3 P.M.		29	4 A.M.	18	There were eight days’ rain, accompanied bytornados; the winds (with only two days’ variation) wereSE. and S.
August	Do.			3 P.M.		26½	3 A.M.	17	Nine days’ rain, only one tornado, on the 2d;winds variable from S. to NW., and one day NNW.
September	Do.			3 P.M.		26	When raining.	17	Sixteen days’ rain, six tornados, windvariable from E. to S. and W.
October	Do.		⎰ ⎱	10 A.M.	⎱ ⎰	29	4 A.M.	18	Three days’ rain, two tornadoswithout rain, wind variable, mostly easterly.
				3 P.M.
November	Do.	*	⎰ ⎱	10 A.M.	⎱ ⎰	28	4 A.M.	17	No rain or tornado, wind chieflyeasterly, with a few variations to the N.and W.
				3 P.M.
December	Do.	†	⎰ ⎱	10 A.M.	⎱ ⎰	27	4 A.M.	13	Wind from N. to E. On the 25th at 5A.M. 12°.
				3 P.M.
1820.
January	Do.	†	⎰ ⎱	10 A.M.	⎱ ⎰	26½	4 A.M.	14	Same wind as December, withoccasional changes to NW.
				3 P.M.
February	Do.	†	⎰ ⎱	10 A.M.	⎱ ⎰	28	5 A.M.	14	Fine clear weather, very hot,with occasional W. winds.
				3 P.M.
March	Do.	†	⎰ ⎱	10 A.M.	⎱ ⎰	31	5 A.M.	15	Strong E. wind, variable to N. Oneday therm. stood an hour at 34°.
				3 P.M.
April	Do.	†	⎰ ⎱	10 A.M.	⎱ ⎰	32	5 A.M.	16	Strong N. and E. winds. Therm.varied from 23° to 35°.
				3 P.M.
May	Do.	†	⎰ ⎱	10 A.M.	⎱ ⎰	33	4 A.M.	17	A tornado without rain on the10th; wind from S. to E. and W.; three days’ slightshowers.
				3 P.M.
June	Do.			†3 P.M.		32	4 A.M.	16	Winds variable in every direction; fivetornados, and six days’ rain.
* The east wind during the day, gavea rise of from 3° to 4°.
Do. do. the night, a fall of from 6° to 7°.
During those months, the east wind,which is very hot in the day and cool at night, and until sunrise,is often succeeded by pleasant breezes from the west.
The river, which commences rising in thefirst week of June, reaches 40 feet above its lowest level, and, in1820, began to fall again about the middle of September.
† Ut suprà, p. 412, innotis.

G. WOODFALL, ANGEL COURT, SKINNER STREET, LONDON.

Transcriber's note:

• The changes indicated in the [Errata] have been done.
• pg [xii] Changed: Visit to Katoha to: Katoba
• caption of [plate 1] Changed: TALABUUCHIA to: TALABUNCHIA
• pg [13] ([footnote 3]) Changed: Diudilicouric to: Diudilicourie
• pg [43] Changed: Visit to Katoha to: Katoba
• pg [94] Changed: through the Simbarri Woods to: Simbani
• pg [94] Changed: Arrive at Sausanding to: Sansanding
• pg [94] Changed: in the Simbarri woods to: Simbani
• pg [113] Changed: Sanda himself to: Saada
• pg [132] Changed: almos the whole to: almost
• pg [142] Changed: more vere fast to: were
• pg [278] Changed: Touca of Tuabo to: Tonca
• pg [281] Changed: nominating a new Touca to: Tonca
• pg [309] Changed: answers by which time to: answers (by which time
• pg [375] Changed: ARTICLE VII.—See Page 223 to: ARTICLE VIII
• pg [392] Changed: sqamulis decem to: squamulis
• pg [393] Changed stylus fiiliformis to: filiformis
• Botanical drawings moved from: after pg [396] to: next to each species description
• Minor changes in punctuation have been done silently.
• Other spelling errors or inconsistencies have been left unchanged.
• New original cover art included with this eBook is granted to the public domain.