Chap. Page
[I.]—Of the Merchant Ships of Manzi that sail upon the Indian Seas249
Notes.—1. Pine Timber. 2. Rudder and Masts. 3. Watertight Compartments. 4. Chinese substitute for Pitch. 5. Oars used by Junks. 6. Descriptions of Chinese Junks from other Mediæval Writers.
[II.]—Description of the Island of Chipangu, and the Great Kaan’s Despatch of a Host against it253
Notes.—1. Chipangu or Japan. 2. Abundance of Gold. 3. The Golden Palace. 4. Japanese Pearls. Red Pearls.
[III.]—What Further came of the Great Kaan’s Expedition against Chipangu258
Notes.—1. Kúblái’s attempts against Japan. Japanese Narrative of the Expedition here spoken of. (See [App. L. 9.]) 2. Species of Torture. 3. Devices to procure Invulnerability.
[IV.]—Concerning the Fashion of the Idols263
Notes.—1. Many-limbed Idols. 2. The Philippines and Moluccas. 3. The name Chin or China. 4. The Gulf of Cheinan.
[V.]—Of the Great Country called Chamba266
Notes.—1. Champa, and Kúblái’s dealings with it. (See [App. L. 10]). 2. Chronology. 3. Eagle-wood and Ebony. Polo’s use of Persian words.
[VI.]—Concerning the Great Island of Java272
Note.—Java; its supposed vast extent. Kúblái’s expedition against it and failure.
[VII.]—Wherein the Isles of Sondur and Condur are spoken of; and the Kingdom of Locac276
Notes.—1. Textual. 2. Pulo Condore. 3. The Kingdom of Locac, Southern Siam.
[VIII.]—Of the Island called Pentam, and the City Malaiur280
Notes.—1. Bintang. 2. The Straits of Singapore. 3. Remarks on the Malay Chronology. Malaiur probably Palembang.
[IX.]—Concerning the Island of Java the Less. the Kingdoms of Ferlec and Basma284
Notes.—1. The Island of Sumatra: application of the term Java. 2. Products of Sumatra. The six kingdoms. 3. Ferlec or Parlák. The Battas. 4. Basma, Pacem, or Pasei. 5. The Elephant and the Rhinoceros. The Legend of Monoceros and the Virgin. 6. Black Falcon.
[X.]—The Kingdoms of Samara and Dagroian292
Notes.—1. Samara, Sumatra Proper. 2. The Tramontaine and the Mestre. 3. The Malay Toddy-Palm. 4. Dagroian. 5. Alleged custom of eating dead relatives.
[XI.]—Of the Kingdoms of Lambri and Fansur299
Notes.—1. Lambri. 2. Hairy and Tailed Men. 3. Fansur and Camphor Fansuri. Sumatran Camphor. 4. The Sago-Palm. 5. Remarks on Polo’s Sumatran Kingdoms.
[XII.]—Concerning the Island of Necuveran306
Note.—Gauenispola, and the Nicobar Islands.
[XIII.]—Concerning the Island of Angamanain309
Note.—The Andaman Islands.
[XIV.]—Concerning the Island of Seilan312
Notes.—1. Chinese Chart. 2. Exaggeration of Dimensions. The Name. 3. Sovereigns then ruling Ceylon. 4. Brazil Wood and Cinnamon. 5. The Great Ruby.
[XV.]—The Same Continued. The History of Sagamoni Borcan and the beginning of Idolatry316
Notes.—1. Adam’s Peak, and the Foot thereon. 2. The Story of Sakya-Muni Buddha. The History of Saints Barlaam and Josaphat; a Christianised version thereof. 3. High Estimate of Buddha’s Character. 4. Curious Parallel Passages. 5. Pilgrimages to the Peak. 6. The Pâtra of Buddha, and the Tooth-Relic. 7. Miraculous endowments of the Pâtra; it is the Holy Grail of Buddhism.
[XVI.]—Concerning the Great Province of Maabar, which is called India the Greater, and is on the Mainland331
Notes.—1. Ma’bar, its definition, and notes on its Mediæval History. 2. The Pearl Fishery.
[XVII.]—Continues to speak of the Province of Maabar338
Notes.—1. Costume. 2. Hindu Royal Necklace. 3. Hindu use of the Rosary. 4. The Saggio. 5. Companions in Death; the word Amok. 6. Accumulated Wealth of Southern India at this time. 7. Horse Importation from the Persian Gulf. 8. Religious Suicides. 9. Suttees. 10. Worship of the Ox. The Govis. 11. Verbal. 12. The Thomacides. 13. Ill-success of Horse-breeding in S. India. 14. Curious Mode of Arrest for Debt. 15. The Rainy Seasons. 16. Omens of the Hindus. 17. Strange treatment of Horses. 18. The Devadásis. 19. Textual.
[XVIII.]—Discoursing of the Place where lieth the Body of St. Thomas the Apostle; and of the Miracles thereof353
Notes.—1. Mailapúr. 2. The word Avarian. 3. Miraculous Earth. 4. The Traditions of St. Thomas in India. The ancient Church at his Tomb; the ancient Cross preserved on St. Thomas’s Mount. 5. White Devils. 6. The Yak’s Tail.
[XIX.]—Concerning the Kingdom of Mutfili359
Notes.—1. Motapallé. The Widow Queen of Telingana. 2. The Diamond Mines, and the Legend of the Diamond Gathering. 3. Buckram.
[XX.]—Concerning the Province of Lar whence the Brahmans come363
Notes.—1. Abraiaman. The Country of Lar. Hindu Character. 2. The Kingdom of Soli or Chola. 3. Lucky and Unlucky Days and Hours. The Canonical Hours of the Church. 4. Omens. 5. Jogis. The Ox-emblem. 6. Verbal. 7. Recurrence of Human Eccentricities.
[XXI.]—Concerning the City of Cail370
Notes.—1. Káyal; its true position. Kolkhoi identified. 2. The King Ashar or As-char. 3. Correa, Note. 4. Betel-chewing. 5. Duels.
[XXII.]—Of the Kingdom of Coilum375
Notes.—1. Coilum, Coilon, Kaulam, Columbum, Quilon. Ancient Christian Churches. 2. Brazil Wood: notes on the name. 3. Columbine Ginger and other kinds. 4. Indigo. 5. Black Lions. 6. Marriage Customs.
[XXIII.]—Of the Country called Comari382
Notes.—1. Cape Comorin. 2. The word Gat-paul.
[XXIV.]—Concerning the Kingdom Eli385
Notes.—1. Mount D’Ely, and the City of Hili-Máráwi. 2. Textual. 3. Produce. 4. Piratical custom. 5. Wooden Anchors.
[XXV.]—Concerning the Kingdom of Melibar389
Notes.—1. Dislocation of Polo’s Indian Geography. The name of Malabar. 2. Verbal. 3. Pirates. 4. Cassia: Turbit: Cubebs. 5. Cessation of direct Chinese trade with Malabar.
[XXVI.]—Concerning the Kingdom of Gozurat392
Notes.—1. Topographical Confusion. 2. Tamarina. 3. Tall Cotton Trees. 4. Embroidered Leather-work.
[XXVII.]—Concerning the Kingdom of Tana395
Notes.—1. Tana, and the Konkan. 2. Incense of Western India.
[XXVIII.]—Concerning the Kingdom of Cambaet397
Note.—Cambay.
[XXIX.]—Concerning the Kingdom of Semenat398
Note.—Somnath, and the so-called Gates of Somnath.
[XXX.]—Concerning the Kingdom of Kesmacoran401
Notes.—1. Kij-Mekrán. Limit of India. 2. Recapitulation of Polo’s Indian Kingdoms.
[XXXI.]—Discourseth of the Two Islands called Male and Female, and why they are so called404
Note.—The Legend and its diffusion.
[XXXII.]—Concerning the Island of Scotra406
Notes.—1. Whales of the Indian Seas. 2. Socotra and its former Christianity. 3. Piracy at Socotra. 4. Sorcerers.
[XXXIII.]—Concerning the Island of Madeigascar411
Notes.—1. Madagascar; some confusion here with Magadoxo. 2. Sandalwood. 3. Whale-killing. The Capidoglio or Sperm-Whale. 4. The Currents towards the South. 5. The Rukh (and see [Appendix L. 11]). 6. More on the dimensions assigned thereto. 7. Hippopotamus Teeth.
[XXXIV.]—Concerning the Island of Zanghibar. A Word on India in General422
Notes.—1. Zangibar; Negroes. 2. Ethiopian Sheep. 3. Giraffes. 4. Ivory trade. 5. Error about Elephant-taming. 6. Number of Islands assigned to the Indian Sea. 7. The Three Indies, and various distributions thereof. Polo’s Indian Geography.
[XXXV.]—Treating of the Great Province of Abash, which is Middle India, and is on the Mainland427
Notes.—1. Ḥabash or Abyssinia. Application of the name India to it. 2. Fire Baptism ascribed to the Abyssinian Christians. 3. Polo’s idea of the position of Aden. 4. Taming of the African Elephant for War. 5. Marco’s Story of the Abyssinian Invasion of the Mahomedan Low-Country, and Review of Abyssinian Chronology in connection therewith. 6. Textual.
[XXXVI.]—Concerning the Province of Aden438
Notes.—1. The Trade to Alexandria from India viâ Aden. 2. “Roncins à deux selles.” 3. The Sultan of Aden. The City and its Great Tanks. 4. The Loss of Acre.
[XXXVII.]—Concerning the City of Esher442
Notes.—1. Shihr. 2. Frankincense. 3. Four-horned Sheep. 4. Cattle fed on Fish. 5. Parallel passage.
[XXXVIII.]—Concerning the City of Dufar444
Notes.—1. Dhofar. 2. Notes on Frankincense.
[XXXIX.]—Concerning the Gulf of Calatu, and the City so called449
Notes.—1. Kalhát. 2. “En fra terre.” 3. Maskat.
[XL.]—Returns to the City of Hormos whereof we spoke formerly451
Notes.—1. Polo’s distances and bearings in these latter chapters. 2. Persian Bád-gírs or wind-catching chimneys. 3. Island of Kish.

[BOOK FOURTH.]

Wars among the Tartar Princes, and some Account of the Northern Countries.

Chap. Page
[I.]—Concerning Great Turkey457
Notes.—1. Kaidu Khan. 2. His frontier towards the Great Kaan.
[II.]—Of certain Battles that were fought by King Caidu against the Armies of his Uncle the Great Kaan459
Notes.—1. Textual. 2. “Araines.” 3. Chronology in connection with the events described.
[III.][†]What the Great Kaan said to the Mischief done by Caidu his nephew463
[IV.]—Of the Exploits of King Caidu’s valiant Daughter463
Note.—Her name explained. Remarks on the story.
[V.]—How Abaga sent his Son Argon in command against King Caidu466
(Extract and Substance.)
Notes.—1. Government of the Khorasan frontier. 2. The Historical Events.
[VI.]—How Argon after the Battle heard that his Father was dead and Went to assume the Sovereignty as was his right467
Notes.—1. Death of Ábáká. 2. Textual. 3. Ahmad Tigudar.
[VII.][†]How Acomat Soldan set out with his Host against his Nephew who was coming to claim the throne that belonged to him468
[VIII.][†]How Argon took Counsel with his Followers about attacking his Uncle Acomat Soldan468
[IX.][†]How the Barons of Argon answered his Address469
[X.][†]The Message sent by Argon to Acomat469
[XI.]—How Acomat replied to Argon’s Message469
[XII.]—Of the Battle between Argon and Acomat, and the Captivity of Argon470
Notes.—1. Verbal. 2. Historical.
[XIII.]—How Argon was delivered from Prison471
[XIV.]—How Argon got the Sovereignty at last472
[XV.][†]How Acomat was taken Prisoner473
[XVI.]—How Acomat was slain by Order of his Nephew473
[XVII.]—How Argon was recognised as Sovereign473
Notes.—1. The historical circumstances and persons named in these chapters. 2. Arghún’s accession and death.
[XVIII.]—How Kiacatu seized the Sovereignty after Argon’s Death475
Note.—The reign and character of Kaikhátú.
[XIX.]—How Baidu seized the Sovereignty after the Death of Kiacatu476
Notes.—1. Baidu’s alleged Christianity. 2. Gházán Khan.
[XX.]—Concerning King Conchi who rules the Far North479
Notes.—1. Kaunchi Khan. 2. Siberia. 3. Dog-sledges. 4. The animal here styled Erculin. The Vair. 5. Yugria.
[XXI.]—Concerning the Land of Darkness484
Notes.—1. The Land of Darkness. 2. The Legend of the Mares and their Foals. 3. Dumb Trade with the People of the Darkness.
[XXII.]—Description of Rosia and its People. Province of Lac486
Notes.—1. Old Accounts of Russia. Russian Silver and Rubles. 2. Lac, or Wallachia. 3. Oroech, Norway (?) or the Waraeg Country (?)
[XXIII.]—He begins to speak of the Straits of Constantinople, but decides to leave that matter490
[XXIV.]—Concerning the Tartars of the Ponent and their Lords490
Notes.—1. The Comanians; the Alans; Majar; Zic; the Goths of the Crimea; Gazaria. 2. The Khans of Kipchak or the Golden Horde; errors in Polo’s list. Extent of their Empire.
[XXV.]—Of the War that arose between Alau and Barca, and the Battles that they fought494
(Extracts and Substance.)
Notes.—1. Verbal. 2. The Sea of Sarai. 3. The War here spoken of. Wassáf’s rigmarole.
[XXVI.][†]How Barca and his Army advanced to meet Alau495
[XXVII.][†]How Alau addressed his followers495
[XXVIII.][†]Of the Great Battle between Alau and Barca496
[XXIX.]—How Totamangu was Lord of the Tartars of the Ponent; and after him Toctai496
Note.—Confusions in the Text. Historical circumstances connected with the Persons spoken of. Toctai and Noghai Khan. Symbolic Messages.
[XXX.][†]Of the Second Message that Toctai sent to Nogai498
[XXXI.][†]How Toctai marched against Nogai499
[XXXII.][†]How Toctai and Nogai address their People, and the next Day join Battle499
[XXXIII.][†]The Valiant Feats and Victory of King Nogai499
[XXXIV.]—and Last. Conclusion500

† Of chapters so marked nothing is given but the substance in brief.


APPENDICES.

A.[Genealogy of the House of Chinghiz to the End of the Thirteenth Century]

505

B.The Polo Families:—
(I.) [Genealogy of the Family of Marco Polo the Traveller]

506

(II.) [The Polos of San Geremia]

507

C.[Calendar of Documents relating to Marco Polo and his Family]

510

D.[Comparative Specimens of the Different Recensions of Polo’s Text]

522

E.[Preface to Pipino’s Latin Version]

525

F.Note of MSS. of Marco Polo’s Book, so far as known:
[General Distribution of MSS.]

526

[List of Miniatures in two of the finer MSS.]

527

[List of MSS. of Marco Polo’s Book, so far as they are known]

530

G.[Diagram showing Filiation of Chief MSS. and Editions of Marco Polo]

552

H.Bibliography:—
(I.) [Principal Editions of Marco Polo’s Book]

553

(II.) [Bibliography of Printed Editions]

554

(III.) [Titles of Sundry Books and Papers treating of Marco Polo and his Book]

574

I.[Titles of Works quoted by Abbreviated References in this Book]

582

K.[Values of Certain Moneys, Weights, and Measures occurring in this Book]

590

L.[Supplementary Notes to the Book of Marco Polo]

593

  1. [The Polos at Acre.]
  2. [Sorcery in Kashmir.]
  3. [Paonano Pao.]
  4. [Pamir.]
  5. [Number of Pamirs.]
  6. [Site of Pein.]
  7. [Fire-arms.]
  1. [La Couvade.]
  2. [Alacan.]
  3. [Champa.]
  4. [Ruck Quills.]
  5. [A Spanish Marco Polo.]
  6. [Sir John Mandeville.]
[Index]

607