Similarly, the islanders, because of less ready means of communication, have less likelihood than those on the mainland of obtaining adequate nutrition.
The same may be said regarding the differences found between the statures of cultured persons and of the illiterate, to the disadvantage of the latter (the poorer classes).
Students show the tallest stature of all, because they have in their favour the joint effect of the two chief factors of environment that influence this anthropological datum: mechanical causes and nutrition. A sedentary life, and above all a hearty diet both contribute to the tall stature of students, doctors, and members of the liberal professions. In this respect, the average figures of all the authorities agree, as appears from the following tables:[22]
LIVI: 256,166 ITALIAN SOLDIERS
| Professions and callings | Average stature in centimetres |
|---|---|
| Students and professional men | 166.9 |
| Small shopkeepers and the like | 165.0 |
| Peasants | 164.3 |
| Blacksmiths | 165.0 |
| Carpenters | 165.1 |
| Masons | 164.8 |
| Tailors and shoemakers | 164.5 |
| Barbers | 164.3 |
| Butchers | 165.7 |
| Carters | 164.4 |
| Bakers | 164.7 |
| Day labourers in general | 164.4 |
ROBERT AND RAWSON: 1935 ADULT ENGLISHMEN
| Professions and employments | Average stature in centimetres |
|---|---|
| Professional men | 175.6 |
| Merchants and tradesmen | 172.6 |
| Peasants and miners | 171.5 |
| City labourers | 169.2 |
| Sedentary workmen | 167.4 |
| Prisoners | 168.0 |
| Insane | 166.8 |
OLORIZ: 1798 CONSCRIPTS FROM THE CITY OF MADRID
| Professions and employments | Average stature in centimetres |
|---|---|
| Liberal professions | 163.9 |
| Including: | |
| Students | 164.0 |
| Other professions | 161.1 |
| Workmen employed in the open air | 160.7 |
| Workmen employed in closed rooms | 159.8 |
| Including: | |
| Tailors, hatters and the like | 159.0 |
| Shoemakers | 158.9 |