J before all the vowels, and g before e or i, have the sound of the English h, more harshly aspirated.

Ja,je,ji,jo,ju.
Hah,hay,hee,hoe,who.
Ge,gi.
Hay,hee.

LL.

LL is not a double consonant in Spanish, consequently it must not be divided in spelling. It sounds like ll in English in million; but it must be pronounced more quickly and stronger. In some parts of the Mexican states it is sounded somewhat like the Spanish y consonant, with which they confound it in writing; and in manuscript we frequently see cabayo instead of caballo.

Lla, lle, lli,llo, llu.
Lyah, lye-ay, lyee,lyoh, lyoo.

N.

N has a strong nasal sound, like n in poniard. The gn in French gives its sound.

Na, ñe, ñi,ño, ñu.
Nyah, nye-ay, nyee,nyoh, nyoo.

Q.

The syllables qua, qüe, qüi, quo, are at present written with c, which see above.

Que, qui.
Kay, kee.

V.

V must be pronounced as in English. Its sound is so slender in Spanish, that most generally it is confounded with the b: but such pronunciation must not be imitated. It is frequently used in manuscript instead of the capital U; thus,