Keith, lord, his regard for Rousseau,
II. [157].
Kœnig, Prussian mathematician,
II. [65].
L.
La Beaumelle, his attack on Voltaire
in Prussia, II. [66].
[La Bruyère], his critique on Rabelais,
I. [34]. Describes Corneille's
conversation and manner, [55]. His
portrait of La Fontaine, [181].
La Fare, anacreontic poet, I. [171].
[La Fontaine], Jean de, versifier of
Rabelais' Tales, I. [34]. His life
peaceful, [150]. Born in 1621 at
Château Thierry, [150]. His father,
[151]. He enters the community
of the Pères de l'Oratoire,
[151]. Renounces the cloister, and
espouses Mlle. Marie d'Héricart,
[151]. Becomes master of the royal
domains in his district, [151].
Hears Malherbe's ode on the assassination
of Henri IV., and
commences poet, [152]. Studies
the Roman poets, [153]. Verses by,
[112]. His "Adonis" in heroic
verse, [155]. His character indolent
and insouciant, [155]. Resides
long at Château Thierry, [155].
Fights M. Poignan, on account
of madame de la Fontaine, [156].
That officer disarms the poet both
of sword and jealousy, [156]. Divers
reports as to the placid temper
of his wife, [157]. Visits Paris,
but neglects business, [157]. Becomes
domiciled with the duke
and duchess of Bouillon, [159].
His intimacy with Racine, Molière,
and Boileau, [160]. Comfortable
amid Parisian society, he
forgets his wife and his home, [161].
Fouquet grants him a pension,
[162]. He solicits that finance
minister's pardon from Louis
XIV., [162]. [222]. His "Contes et
Merveilles en vers," [163]. [173]. Tale
of "Pysche and Cupid," [163]. [177].
Noticed by Henrietta duchess of
Orléans. [164]. His tale of "Joconde,"
[165]. His "Fables," [164].
[178]. [180]. Is elected of the French
Academy, [167]. Anecdote on that
subject, [167]. He has the ill luck
to displease the abbé Furetière
by an inadvertence, [168]. La Fontaine
incorrigibly forgetful, [169].
Forgets that he has a son, and
admires him as a stranger, [169].
Anecdotes exhibiting him, [170],
&c. Resides in the house of madame
d'Hervart, [172]. [170]. Decline
of his health, [173]. The
priests constrain him to destroy
some of his works, [173]. And to
make public reparation for the
evil influence of his "Fables,"
[175]. He recovers and writes
more tales, [176]. Dies, aged
seventy-four, [176]. Criticism on
his works, [177]. His dramatic
pieces, [178]. His tables and tales,
[178]. [180]. English fables compared
with, [179]. Opinions by his
contemporaries of, [181]. Epitaph
by himself, [182].
La Harpe, M., criticisms of, I. [178].
[258]. II. [102].
Lally-Tolendal, M. de, saved by
madame de Staël, II. [315]. [316].
Lamb, Miss, pretty song by, I. [108].
La Metrie, physician at Potzdam,
II. [62].
Lamoignon, M. de, premier président,
I. [267]. [271].
Langeron, the abbé de, I. [366].
"Langey, Chevalier de, Military
Stratagems and Prowess of," by
Rabelais, I. [37].
La Noue, tragedian, II. [43].
Leibnitz, letter of the celebrated,
II. [65].
Le Kain, tragedian, II. [54]. He resides
with Voltaire, and performs
on his stage, [54].
Le Nôtre, architect, &c., I. [112].
Lettres Provinciales of Pascal, I.
[198]. Object of this work explained,
[201]. Condemnation of
the book, [207]. Misfortunes resulting
therefrom at Port Royal,
[207].
L'Huilier, M., engages Gassendi to
educate Chapelle the poet, I. [99].
Ligne, prince de, visits Rousseau
incognito, II. [165]. Declares himself
by letter, and kindly offers
a home to J. J. Rousseau, [166].
Locke, John, works of, II. [18]. [24].
His "Treatise on Education,"
[151].
Longueville, duke of, I. [69].
Longueville, duchess of, I. [68]. Her
beauty, [70]. Various allusions to
this princess, [72]. [74]. [77]. Her character
and religious sentiments,
[83], n.
Louis XIII., accession of, I. [64].
Death of, [66]. M. Poquelin and
his son Molière his deputy, valet-de-chambre
to, [100]. The king
causes M. de Cinq-Mars and De
Thou to be beheaded, [100]. Allusions
to this monarch, [215].
Louis XIV., grants a pension to
Pierre Corneille, I. [55]. His attachment
to Henrietta duchess of
Orléans, [58]. Splendour of his
court begins to be remarkable,
[111]. Takes a part in the ballets at
court, [118]. [119]. Discontinues to
do so, from a passage in "Britannicus"
alluding to Nero, [118],
n. His journeys, [120]. Flattery
of by the poets and savants, [163].
Did not comprehend La Fontaine,
[164]. And delays his ratification
of his being received in the French
Academy, [167]. Trial of Fouquet,
finance minister, [112]. [113]. [222].
[223]. The king refuses to pardon
him, [224]. The fêtes at Versailles,
[225]. [256]. Tournament at, Louis
representing count Roger, [225].
His affection for the beautiful
La Vallière, [112]. [119]. [162]. [225].
[236]. His court described, [244], n.
His queen, [236]. Secret marriage
with madame de Maintenon, [87].
[236]. [237]. [248]. His reign, animadversions
on, [257]. [323]. Age of
Louis XIV. described, [269]. Louis
XIV. conceives a dislike for Fénélon,
[333]. [346]. Perceives his injustice,
but burns his papers, [366].
Anecdotes of the king, [319]. [323].
Preceptors to his son and grand-sons,
[334]. [336], n. The Gallican
church, its state in the reign of
Louis XIV., [339]-[362]. References
to Louis XIV., in the life
of Voltaire, II. [6]. [10].
Louis XV., I. [368]. II. [44]. [46]. [47]. [55].
[57]. [60]. His inglorious old age,
[101].
Louis XVI., II. [86]. [100]. [104]. For
the historical events of his reign
and fall, see the Lives of Condorcet,
Mirabeau, &c. in Vol. II.
Love and gallantry, novels breathing
of, I. [107]. [108]. Ill taste of
language relating to, [108]. Purity
of sentiment aimed at nevertheless,
108.
Lucian, by whom imitated, I. [35].
Lucretius, II. [144].
Lulli, musical composer, solicits
La Fontaine to write the opera of
"Daphne," I. [166]. His death
described, [176].
Luxembourg, maréchal duc de, II.
[149]. His kind attentions to his
neighbour Jean Jacques Rousseau,
[150].
Luxembourg, duchess of, II. [150].
[152]. Her conduct with regard to
Rousseau, when he was danger of
arrest, [153].
Lyons, almanacs calculated under
the meridian of, I. [37].
M.
Machiavelli, studied by La Fontaine,
I. [154]. Frederic the Great's
work against the principles of, II.
[40].
Maillezieux, bishop of, correspondence
of Rabelais with the, I. [28].
[30]. "Letters from Italy" to, [37].
Maine, duchess du, festivities at her
château of Sceaux, II. [48].
Maintenon, madame de, I. [87]. Her
portrait of the duke de la Rochefoucauld,
[88]. Her friendship for
madame de Coulanges, [234].
Anecdotes of, [236]. [237]. [248]. [282].
[283]. [320]. [322]. [323]. Her estate of
Maintenon, II. [21].
Mairet, his tragedy of "Sophonisbe,"
I. [44].
Malesherbes, M. de, Rousseau's correspondence
with, II. [136]. His
benevolent attentions to Rousseau,
[151]. [152].
Manardi, Medical Epistles of, I. [37].
Mancini, nieces of cardinal Mazarin,
I. [159]. [172].
Marmontel, M., his visit to Voltaire
at Ferney, II. [90]-[94].
Marot, Clément, admired by La
Fontaine, I. [154].
Marsillac, prince de, I. [65]. His advice
to the duchess de Chevreuse,
[66]. See Duke de la [Rochefoucauld].
Marsillac, prince de, son of the
above, assists the duke of Rochefoucauld
in the battle of St. Antoine,
I. [81]. Espouses his cousin,
Mlle. de la Roche-Guyon, [83].
Attends the duke his father in
his last illness, [89].
Mattecoulon, M. de, brother to
Montaigne, I. [15].
Maucroix, poet and scholar, I. [154].
Maupertuis, M. de, II. [39]. [65]. His
dissension with Voltaire at Potzdam,
[66]. "Akakia," a satire by
Voltaire on, [66]. [67]. He challenges
Voltaire, who laughs at
him, [68].
Maurepas, count de, II. [45]. [295]. [302].
Mauroy, poetry of, I. [265].
Mazarin, cardinal, succeeds Richelieu,
I. [66]. Is minister in the
regency of Anne of Austria, [66].
Imprisons the princes Condé,
Conti, and Longueville, [72]. Is
obliged to fly, [73]. Successes of,
in the royal cause, [81]. Is displaced
for a time, for the sake of
an accommodation of the civil
dissensions, [82]. On his return to
power he permits de la Rochefoucauld
to appear at court, [84].
Mazarin, duchess of, I. [159]. [172].
Ménage, instructs Marie de Rabutin-Chantal,
I. [216].
Mersenne, le Père, scientific correspondence
of, I. [192].
Mirabeau, Gabriel Honoré, marquis
of, descended from an Italian
family named Arrighetti, II.
[195]. His grandfather, Jean Antoine,
[196]. His father, comte Victor
de Mirabeau, wrote "L'Ami
des Hommes," [197]. The comté's
marriage, [198]. His lady's domestic
happiness obstructed by a madame
de Pailly, a beautiful woman, who
chose to reside with them, [198].
The marquis's idea of his own
infallibility, [199]. He became a
persecutor of his son, Gabriel
Honoré, the fifth child, [199].; who
was born with teeth, and suffered
severely from the small-pox, [199].
His early talent, [199]. Memoirs
of Mirabeau, by M. Lucas Montigny,
noticed, [200], n. Madame
de Pailly cruel to this boy, [201].
His early education, [201]. Severity
of his father, [202]. The abbé
Choquart, his preceptor, proud
of him, [202]. Is sent to join the
marquis de Lambert's regiment,
[202]. His subsequent expostulations
with his hard-hearted parent,
who had imprisoned him in
the fortress of the Isle of Rhé,
[204]. The governor sends him on
the expedition to Corsica, [204].
His history of that island, and an
Itinerary from personal observation,
[204]. He avows his liking
for the military profession, [205].
His father praises him on his return,
[206]. Marries the daughter
of the marquis de Marignane,
[207]. He incurs debts, [207]. His
father procures a lettre-de-cachet
to confine him, [208]. He writes
an "Essay on Despotism," [208].
Becomes jealous of the chevalier
de Gassaud, [209]. On hearing his
explanation, he escapes to forward
his projected marriage by
pleading for him, [209]. Meets a
nobleman who had insulted his
sister, and gives him a blow, [209].
His father hearing of his evasion,
shuts him up in a dismal castle,
[209]. His love adventures, [211].
He escapes with Sophie de Ruffey
de Monnier, to Holland, [215].
Translates for the booksellers of
Amsterdam, [215]. M. de Monnier
proceeds against the fugitives,
who are condemned to
punishment, [216]. He is imprisoned
at Vincennes, [217]. His
letters, [217]. Fate of Sophie
de Monnier, [222], n. He quits
prison on coming to terms with
his father, [224]. He tries by law
to oblige his wife to live with
him, [224]. Fails in his suit,
[224]. Is no longer injured by
private enemies, [227]. Is esteemed,
and employed in public services,
[228]. His impetuous eloquence,
[228]. He foresees the
revolution, [228]. Desires to be
elected a representative to the
states-general, [230]. The nobles
of Provence exclude him
by a vote from their body,
[231]. The people greet him on
his return towards Paris, [232].
Allays some outbreaks of the
people of Marseilles and of Aix,
[233]. Is elected deputy from both
those places, [234]. Takes his seat
in the tiers-état, [234]. He declares
the power of the people to
be independent of the crown,
[236]. His eloquence in the debates,
[239]. Death of his father,
[240]. His speeches all-powerful
with the assembly, [241]. Supports
the financial proposition of
Necker for a tax on property, [243].
His influence preponderates over
every other, [245]. Accused of
being an Orleanist, [246]. [247]. His
negotiations with the court, [248].
[249]. His speech on the question
of the National Convention,
[250]. His hôtel sumptuously
provided, [251]. His treaty with
the court, in the handwriting of
Louis XVIII., [252]. He declines
in health, [253]. His right to stand
up as a dictator in the assembly
questioned, [254]. His policy was
to head a moderate party of royalists,
and to repress the Jacobins,
[248]. [250]. [254]. The king and
the people alike anxious for his
recovery, [255]. His opinion of
William Pitt, 256. His death,
aged forty-two, in 1791, [256].
He was the first buried in the
Pantheon, [257]. Courageous and
warm-hearted, [258]. His sayings
and bon-mots are on record, [258].
His style of oratory, [259]. His
military talents, [259].
"Misanthrope, Le," of Molière, I.
[5].
Molière, Jean Baptiste Poquelin,
considered by Boileau as the first
writer of his day, I. [97]. His parentage
respectable, [97]. Education
of, [98]. Taught by Gassendi,
[99]. Does the duty of valet-de-chambre
to Louis XIII. for his
father, [100]. Studies the law at
Orléans, [101]. Private theatricals
with some young friends, [101].
Makes the stage his profession,
[101]. His company of actors, [102].
Ill success of his "Thebaid" prevents
his writing tragedy, [103].
His early comedies, [103]. [105]. Performs
in the provinces, [102]. [105].
On the restoration of tranquillity
at Paris, his company perform in
presence of Louis XIV. and the
queen-mother, [106]. They are
styled "Les Comédiens de Monsieur,"
[107]. His success in dramatic
satire, [110]. His "Ecole des
Maris," [111]. [112]. Account of
"Les Fâcheux," a satirical farce,
[112]. Louis XIV. commands Molière
to introduce a sporting character,
[113]. Anecdotes of the rebuffs
experienced by the dramatist
as royal valet-de-chambre, [114].
Louis protects him, [114]. Scandal
relative to Molière refuted, [115], n.
[118]. His marriage, [116]. Not
productive of Felicity, [117]. [131].
Writes the "Critique de l'Ecole
des Femmes" in reply to his detractors,
[131]. His "Impromptu
de Versailles," [131]. Louis XIV. is
godfather to Molière's eldest child,
[118]. Molière performs "Sganarelle,"
[119]. His "Tartuffe,"
anecdotes as to, [119]. [120]. Tumult
of soldiers at his theatre,
[121]. The "Misanthrope," [122].
"Amphitryon," scene from the,
[124]. "George Dandin," scene
from, [127]. "L'Avare," criticised
by Schlegel, [127]. Success of "Le
Tartuffe" on its representation,
[129]. Molière a favourite of Parisian
society, [130]. Anecdotes of
his circle of friends, [131]. His
house at Auteuil, [131]. His portraiture
of himself, [131], n. His
"Monsieur de Pourceaugnac,"
[132]. "Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme"
approved by Louis XIV.,
[133]. "Fourberies de Scapin,"
[134]. "Les Femmes Savantes,"
scene from, [135]. His "Malade
Imaginaire," [138]. His own malady
unfeigned, [139]. Death of
Molière, aged fifty-one, [139]. [147].
Mode of his burial because a
player, [140]. [141]. His generosity,
[143]. Talent as an actor, 144. Criticism
of his works, [145]. [146]. Eloge
of, [148]. Marriage of his widow,
[148].; and of his daughter, [149].
His prediction as to "le bon homme"
La Fontaine, [160]. Molière
willing to employ Racine as a
young dramatic writer of promise,
[304]. His quarrel with Racine on
the ill-success of "Andromaque,"
[304]. His admiration of Racine's
"Les Plaideurs," [311]. Further
allusions to, [262]. [372].
Molina, the jesuit, I. [200].
Molinists, their controversy with
the Jansenists, I. [201]. Louis XIV.'s
predilection for their doctrine,
II. [6].
Mondorge, comedian, relieved by
Molière when in need, I. [143].
Montaigne, Michel de, born Feb. 8.
1533, in Périgord, I. [1]. Pierre
Eyquem, seigneur de Montaigne,
his father, [1]. Education of Michel,
[2]. Taught to speak Latin
from his cradle, [3]. Tardiness
of his mind in infancy, [4]. He
loses at school the power of
speaking good Latin acquired as
a child, [5]. Fond of Ovid's "Metamorphoses,"
[5]. Reads Virgil, Terence,
and Plautus, [5]. Memory
defective, [6]. His cheerful temper,
[6], n. Lively imagination, [6], n.
Pourtrays the character of Etienne
de la Boétie, [7]. Poem of
the latter on their friendship, [7].
Death of Boétie, [9]. He marries,
and is a good husband and tender
father, [9]. He loses his father
Pierre Eyquem, [9]. Is careful of
his paternal inheritance, [10]. Domestic
habits, [10]. Writes his Essays,
[7]. 10. His travels in France,
[10]. Visits the court and capital,
[10]. His moderation in politics,
[11]. He complains of the religious
feuds, and of his being pillaged,
[12]. Takes no measures for
defence of his château of Montaigne,
[12]. Is surprised by an
officer and his party, who refrain
from injuring him, [14]. His calm
composure again preserves him
from danger when taken prisoner,
[14]. Afflicted by painful disorders
he resorts to Plombières for the
waters, and proceeds to Munich,
&c., [15]. [16]. He visits Venice and
Rome, [17]. Is well received by
the pope, [17]. Familiar with Roman
history, [17]. He prints two
books of his Essays, [17]. Mode
of treating the papal censures,
[17]. His pleasure on being declared
a citizen of Rome by a
bull for that purpose, [18]. He
offers a silver sculptured tablet,
at the shrine of Loretto, [18]. [19].
His wife, and daughter Eléanore,
[19]. Sojourns at Lucca, [19]. Is
elected mayor of Bordeaux,
crosses Mont Cénis and arrives
at his château of Montaigne, [19].
Is commanded by the king to till
the office of mayor, and is re-elected
to the same, [19]. His decline
and bad state of health, [19].
His friendship for mademoiselle
Marie de Gournay le Jars, and
portrait of that lady, [20], n. His
resignation when attacked with a
fatal quinsy, [20]. His devout behavioural.
Dies 13th Sept. 1592.,
[21]. His disposition and vivacity,
[21]. Descendants of, by his daughter
Eléanore, [21], n. Edition of
his Essays dedicated to Richelieu,
[21]. Instructive and entertaining
character of the Essays, [22]. Their
originality, [22].
Montaigu, M., ambassador to Venice,
his character, II. [128].
Montauzier, duke of, husband of
Julie d'Angennes, I. [128]. [263], n.
[312].
Montespan, madame de, I. [167].
[244], n. [279]. [282].
Montfleuri, tragedian, cause of his
death, I. [308].
Montpellier, the faculty at, I. [27].
Duprat, chancélier, deprives the
physicians of their privileges, who
are defended by Rabelais, [27].
Montpensier, mademoiselle de,
daughter of Gaston d'Orléans, I.
[81]. Her spirit in the contest before
the walls of Paris, [82]. Her
intercourse with madame de Sévigné,
[217].
N.
Nantes, revocation of the edict of, I.
[257]. [323]. II. [79].
Necker, M., minister to Louis XVI.
See [Staël].
Nemours, duke of, joined by the
great Condé, I. [78]. Is wounded
in the battle of St. Antoine, [81].
Killed in a duel by his brother-in-law
the duke of Beaufort, [82].
Nevers, duke of, I. [313].
Newcastle, duke of, his "Sir Martin
Marplot" an imitation of
"L'Etourdi" of Molière, I. [103].
Newton, sir Isaac, II. [18]. [24]. [25].
Nicole, M., theologian, I. [198]. [267].
[307]. [315].
Ninon de l'Enclos, a trust confided
to, I. [120], n. Molière reads his
"Tartuffe" to, [120]. The marquis
de Sévigné her admirer, [217]. [230].
The marquis de Grignan, [230], n.
Ladies of the court friendly to
her, [235].
Noailles, de, archbishop of Paris
and cardinal, I. [339].
Noyer, madame du, II. [7]. [8].
Noyer, mademoiselle du, admiration
of Voltaire for, II. [8]. She marries
the baron de Winterfeld, [9].
O.
"Œdipe," tragedy by Corneille, I. [54].
"Œdipe," Voltaire's, II. [15].
Olivet, l'abbé, observations on La
Fontaine by, I. [151]. [155].
Orléans, Gaston duke of, I. [66]. [81].
See [Henrietta], duchess of.
Orléans, duke of, regent, I. [363]. II.
[10]. Voltaire suspected of writing
the "Philippiques," a satire on
the regent, [15].
Ormesson, M. d', I, [223].
P.