"Pantagruel," by Rabelais, I. [31].
[32]. [34]. Editions of, [38]. Pantagruelian
caricatures, wood-cuts,
[38]. "Pantagrueline Prognostication,
the," I. [37].
Panurge, portraiture by Rabelais, I.
[32]. [35]. [38].
Paris, day of the barricades, I. [68].
Blockade of, [70]. [217]. The troops
of the capital despised, [71]. Riot
and licentiousness, [71]. The prince
of Condé defeated by Turenne
under the walls of, [81]. Paris not
favourable to stage representations
during the civil war, [102].
Parisian society ridiculed by Molière
in his plays, [107]. Parisian
society in the time of Voltaire, II.
[6]. et seq. Reception of Voltaire
at Paris in 1788, [102]. Paris during
the Revolution, see vol. II., lives
of Mirabeau, &c.
Pascal, Blaise, exalted character of,
I. [183]. His family noble, [184]. His
parents, [184]. Education as proposed
by his father Etienne, [185].
His companions, men of science,
[136]. His untutored exertions in
mathematics, [187]. His father's
delight on discovering his studies,
[187]. Reads Euclid by himself,
[188]. Writes on conic sections,
[188]. His sisters, [188]. Jacqueline
Pascal assists in obtaining their
father's recal by Richelieu, [189].
He studies languages and metaphysics,
[190]. Chronical ill-health
the result of excessive application,
[190]. His arithmetical
computator, [190]. His investigation
of the properties of atmospheric
air, [191]. "On the Equilibrium
of Liquids," [194]. "On
the Weight of the Atmosphere."
[194]. His early piety, [195]. His
loss of health, [195]. And of his
father, [196]. An accident in a
coach influences his mind, [196].
His seclusion from worldly intercourse,
[197]. His visits to Port
Royal, [198]. "Lettres Provinciales"
by, [199]. Success of Pascal,
[201]. Reputation of his work
among the learned for style and
eloquence, [202]. His adherence
to rules of privation, &c. causes
chronical maladies, [204]. His solution
of the problem of the cycloid,
and other questions in
geometry, [204]. His challenge to
furnish a solution of these problems
accepted by Wallis and
Huygens, &c., [205]. Pascal's triumph
therein, [205]. His self-denial
and consequent debility,
[205]. [206]. His "Lettres Provinciales"
condemned by the parliament
of Provence, [207]. His
communications on his death-bed,
[208]. His death at thirty-nine
years of age, [210]. Consideration
of his virtues and piety,
[210]. His "Pensées," 211. His argument
against atheism, [211]. His
genius, [339]. Fénélon's opinion of,
[362]. His "Pensées" arranged
and attacked by Condorcet, II. [177].
Pascal, Etienne, indebted to his
children's talent for his recal from
exile, I. [190]. Made intendant at
Rouen, [190]. His decease, [196].
Pascal, Jacqueline, I. [189]. [195]. [196].
Particulars relative to her death
when sub-prioress of the convent
of Port Royal, [207].
Paul III., pope, I. [28]. Rabelais
requests his holiness to excommunicate
him, [29].
Pelisson, the abbé, epigram on,
I. [175].
Pelletier, poetry of, I. [265].
Père la Chaise, cemetery of, Molière's
cenotaph, I. [148].
Perefixe, bishop of Rhodes, I. [120].
[147].
Perier, madame (Gilberte Pascal),
I. [190]. [197]. Alleged miraculous
cure of her daughter, a nun, at
Port Royal, [202]. Her life of her
brother, Blaise Pascal, [202], n. She
blames him for the moroseness
of his seclusion and rules of life,
[203].
Perrault, Charles, his "Siècle de
Louis XIV.," I. [287]. Boileau
directs his satire against him,
[287]. his "Mother Goose's Tales,"
[287], n.
Perrin, translator of the "Æneid,"
I. [265].
Pintrel, translator of Seneca's Epistles,
I. [152].
Piron, ridiculed by Voltaire, II. [45].
50.
Plato, studied by La Fontaine, I. [155].
"Plutarch's Lives," I. [155].
Poggius, the "Facetiæ" of, I. [35].
Poison, when innocent, [29]. [30].
"Polyeucte," tragedy, I. [50].
Pompadour, madame de, II. [55]. [57].
Pomponius Lætus, I. [37].
Pont, madame du, poems addressed
by Corneille to, I. [43].
Pontanus, ridiculed by F. Rabelais
in his romance, I. [37].
Pontverre, M. de, II. [116].
Pope, Alexander, quotation from
his works, I. [179].
Port Royal, abbey of, I. [199]. Angelica
Arnaud, abbess, [198].
Learned men who lived in retirement
near this cloister, [199]. Controversy
of the abbé Arnaud with
the Sorbonne, [200]. Alleged miracle
at, regarding the cure of a
niece of Pascal, [201]. Dispersion
of the nuns, [207].
Pradon, satirized by Boileau, I. [266].
His "Phèdre," brought out in
opposition to Racine's tragedy, [312].
Puy Morin, M. de, a brother of
Boileau Despréaux, II. [21].
"Précieuses Ridicules, les," satirical
comedy of Molière, I. [85]. A
satire of French manners, affected
language, and of the clique of
l'Hôtel Rambouillet, [107]. [110].
"Pucelle d'Orléans" of Chapelain,
I. [262], [263], n.
"Pucelle d'Orléans," of Voltaire,
II. [25]. [28]. [33].
Puy de Dôme, Pascal's experiment
on atmospheric pressure, on the,
I. [193], [194].
O.
Quakers, Voltaire describes the, II.
[24].
Quesnel, le Père, I. [362].
Quietism, account of, I. [350]. II. [87].
"Quinquina, le," poem by la Fontaine
on bark or, I. [163]. [178].
R.
Rabelais, Francis, designated a
great jester by lord Bacon, I. [23].
Born about 1483 at Chinon, in
Touraine, [23]. Parentage of, and
reputed propensity to wine, [23].
Educated in a monastery, [24].
Takes the habit of the order of
St. Francis, [24]. Envy at his
preaching, [24]. Malice of the
Franciscans at, [24]. Budæus laments
it, [24]. Alleged reasons for
confining him on short commons,
[25]. Personates St. Francis and
laughs at devotees, [25]. For which
he is whipt, [25]. Relieved by
gaiety and learning, [25]. Joins the
order of St. Benedict, [25]. He
next studies medicine at Montpellier,
[26]. Lectures on Hippocrates
and Galen, [26]. Defends
the privileges of the faculty of
Montpellier, [27]. His scarlet gown,
[27]. How diminished, [27]. [28]. He
practises at Lyons, [27]. [28]. Accompanies
cardinal du Bellay to
Rome, [27]. [28]. In what character,
[27]. [28]. His epistolary correspondence,
[27]. [28]. Interview with
Paul III., [29]. His notion as to
excommunication, [29]. Bruits as
to the method of his return to
Lyons and journey to Paris, [29].
Takes his own supposititious poison,
[30]. Is librarian, &c. to Du
Bellay, [30]. His "Lives of the
Giants Gargantua and of Pantagruel,"
[31]. Privilege of publication
by king Francis, [31]. Aristotelian
controversy ensuing
thereon, [31]. His work condemned
by the Sorbonne, [31]. He
attacked the popes and clergy of
Rome, and the monastic orders,
[31]. Account of his book, [32].
And of his religious principles, [33].
De Thou's account of, [33]. La
Bruyère, La Fontaine, favourable
opinions of, [34]. Bayle and Voltaire
contemn him, [34]. Exposition
of his views, [34]. Imitators
of, [36]. Various writings of specified,
[37]. "Letters from Italy,"
[37]. Poetry of, [37]. Parallel of
Swift and Rabelais, [36]. [37]. Editions
of his "Giants Gargantua
and Pantagruel," [38]. The
"Rabelæsiana," [38]. His acquisitions
as an universal linguist,
[38]. Also in science, [38]. His noble
carriage and expressive physiognomy,
[38]. His fulfilment of duties
as curé de Meudon, [39]. Death
aged seventy, [39]. His death-bed,
[39]. Epitaphs for, [39]. Further
allusions to, [154]. [170].
Rabutin, family of, I. [214].
Rabutin, Bussy, count de, cousin of
madame de Sévigné, I. [217]. See
[Bussy-Rabutin].
Racine, Jean, a rival of the great
Corneille, I. [57]. His comedy of
"Les Plaideurs," [58]. Pathos of
his tragedy of "Bérénice," [58].
His "Britannicus," [118]. His
daughter describes the demeanour
of La Fontaine, [181]. Is received
at the court of Louis XIV.,
[279]. Historiographer together
with Boileau, [279]. [316]. They accompany
the king to the siege of
Gaud, [280]. Racine makes several
campaigns, [281]. [289]. [317]. They
read their history to the king,
[282]. Affair of his and Boileau's
pensions, [289]. His parents respectable;
left Racine and his
sister, orphans, [297]. His education
at Beauvais, [297]. His predilection
for the Greek tragedy,
[299]. His studies at Port Royal,
[299]. Removes to the university
of Paris, [300]. His ode entitled
"Nymphes de la Seine," [301].
Colbert rewards his early genius.
301. His ambition excited, [301].
Visits his uncle, le Père Sconin,
at Uzès in Provence, [302]. His
letters at that time, [302]. His dislike
of the patois of Provence,
[303]. His study of Virgil and St.
Thomas Aquinas, [303]. His "Bath
of Venus," a poem, [304]. Begins
a play of "Theagines and Charicles,"
[304]. He returns to Paris,
occupied with poetry and the
drama, [304]. He writes for Molière,
[304]. His "Alexandre," [305].
It occasions a quarrel betwixt
Molière and the aspirant for fame,
[306]. Racine teaches la Champmélé
to recite, [307]. Critics attack
him keenly, [307]. His reply to M.
Nicole of Port Royal, [307]. [308].
Writes his great tragedies, "Britannicus,"
"Bajazet," "Iphigénie,"
"Mithridates," "Phèdre,"
&c., [308]-[312]. Writes "Bérénice"
in rivalry with Corneille's
tragedy of, [308]. His comedy of
"Les Plaideurs" the result of a
lawsuit in which he had been
tired out and foiled, [310]. Humour
of this comedy, [311].
Takes his seat in the French Academy,
[312]. His "Phèdre" brings
him into disputes, which produce
desire to lay down his pen, [312].
[313]. His religious principles,
[313]. His marriage, [314]. Madame
Racine's ignorance of poetry, [314].
His daughters take the veil, [314].
His new mode of life induces him
to seek reconciliation with the
abbé Arnaud, [315]. Succeeds
therein, [315]. Writes "Athalie,"
[320]. His "Esther," [251]. [320]. His
conversations with Louis XIV.
and madame de Maintenon, [320].
[323]. [325]. Dies of an abscess, [326].
Displayed the force of friendship
in his last parting with Boileau,
[326]. Critique, [327]. "Phèdre"
and "Athalie," his best tragedies;
"Bérénice" and "Britannicus"
the most pleasing,
[328].
Racine, Louis, son of the tragic
poet, I. [291]. [307].
Rambonet, Prussian councillor of
state, II. [39].
Rambouillet, Hôtel de, literary society
of the, I. [84]. Celebrated
authors who frequented it, [85].
[220]. Molière's "Précieuses Ridicules"
designed as a satire on,
[85]. [107].
Rameau, musical composer, II. [128].
[136].
Ramus, Peter, engaged in the controversy
on Aristotle, I. [31].
Rennes, in Britany, political affairs
at, I. [243]. Severe example made,
[243].
Retz, cardinal de, ambition of, I. [68].
His projects and partisans, [69].
Temporary success of the Fronde,
[73]. His affray with Rochefoucauld
in the palace of justice, [75].
In danger of violence from the
mob of Paris, [76]. His intrigues
and artifices, [80]. [82]. A relation
of the marquis de Sévigné, [217].
His disgrace and imprisonment,
[221]. He escapes from the citadel
of Nantes, [221]. He repairs to
Spain, [222]. Esteem of madame
de Sévigné for, [241]. His death,
[247]. His "Memoirs" quoted, I. [77].
Richelieu, cardinal de, Montaigne's
Essays dedicated to, I. [21]. Policy
of, [41]. His dramas, [41]. [43]. [101].
The "Comédie des Tuileries,"
[43]. His theatre, [43]. He invites
the French Academy to criticise
the "Cid" of Corneille, [47]. He
represses the powerful nobles of
France, [64]. His great authority,
[64]. His death, [65]. His expedition
into Rousillon when his
death was approaching, with
Louis XIII. in the same condition,
[100]. Execution of Cinq-Mars,
and of de Thou, [100]. He
revived the arts in France, [101].
Richelieu, duke of, II. [53]. [107].
[Rochefoucauld], de la, François,
duke, his experience at court, I.
[63]. His Maxims declare self-love
the chief motive principle, [63].
Dignity and ancient power of his
family, [63]. Obliged to quit the
court, [64]. Was at first called
Prince de Marsillac, [65]. His return
on the death of Richelieu,
[65]. Meets the duchess de Chevreuse
on her way to Paris, [66]. Is
wounded at the siege of Mardike,
[67]. Is governor of Poitou, [67].
His attachment for the duchess
de Longueville, [69]. His gallantry
and wounds, [71]. Is desirous of
the restoration of peace, [71]. Succeeds
his father as duke de la
Rochefoucauld, [73]. Raises troops
in Guienne, and endeavours to
defend Bordeaux, [73]. Seizes de
Retz in the palace of justice, but
refrains from slaying him, [75].
Is wounded by an arquebuse in
the action of St. Antoine at Paris,
[81]. He retires to Danvilliers to
recover from his wounds, [83]. He
quits the party of Condé, [84]. His
active life concludes with the
pacification, [84]. He gives Gourville
an honourable employment
in his family, [84]. Is an ornament
of the literary coterie
of the Hôtel Rambouillet, [84]. [85].
His friendship for the countess de
la Fayette, a celebrated novelist,
[85]. De Retz's character of the
duke, [86], n. Rochefoucauld's
couplet for the picture of the
duchess of Longueville, [83]. His
portrait of cardinal de Retz, [86], n.
Personal and moral qualities of
Rochefoucauld, [87]. Character of,
by his contemporaries, [87]. [88].
His sons, [88]. Madame de Sévigné's
account of his last illness,
[89]. His death, [90]. His "Maxims"
reviewed, [91]-[95]. His
"Memoirs of the Regency of
Anne of Austria," [96]. Some quotations
from his Memoirs, [65]. [68].
[70], &c.
Roche-Guyon, Mlle. de la, her marriage
with the prince de Marsillac,
I. [83].
Rochelle, siege of La, I. [214]. English
descent on the Isle of Rhé
for relief of the town, [215].
"Rodogune," tragedy of Corneille,
I. [52]. Gilbert's tragedy of, [53].
Rohan, chevalier de, his ill usage of
Voltaire, II. [17]. Does not choose
to fight the poet, [18].
Roland, madame (Manon Phlipon),
her opinion of the marquis of
Condorcet, II. [187]. [193]. Her
literary reputation, [260]. Her
Memoirs, [260]. Condition of
her parents, [261]. Receives a
careful education, [261]. Her
early habits, [262]. Her admiration
of Pascal and the Port-Royal,
[263]. Vain of her intellectual
powers and acquired
talents, [264]. Her suitors, [265]. Impressions
on reading the "Nouvelle
Héloise," [266]. Her habit of
writing her remarks, [267]. She
lives in a convent on a scanty
income, [267]. M. Roland de la
Platière, [268]. His high character,
[268]. Sues for her hand,
and is referred to her father,
who rejects him, [269]. Conduct
on this event, [270]. Their
union takes place, [270]. They
travel through Switzerland and
England, [271]. Wish to go to
America, [271]. Her letters, [271].
She gladly hails the revolution,
[272]. Her fears as to its nature,
[272]. Monsieur Roland deputed
on financial affairs from Lyons to
the National Assembly, [273]. She
returns to Paris, and is greatly
admired, [273]. Her husband consorts
with the Girondists and
Brissot, [273]. Her political sentiments
on the crisis, [275]. Her
republican love of liberty, [275].
Roland appointed minister of the
interior, [277]. His costume at
court, [277]. Is dismissed, [278].
Recalled by Louis XVI., [279]. Her
dread of Robespierre, Marat, and
Danton, [280]. Description of madame
Roland by Le Montey, [281].
Dumont's testimony of her modesty
of demeanour, [282]. Energy
of M. Roland against the Septembriseurs,
[282]. He is the chief
hope of the Girondist party, [283].
He endeavours to repress the
Mountain party, [285]. Execution
of Louis XVI., whereupon M.
Roland resigns his office, [285].
Madame Roland in danger of arrest,
[285]. Prepares to leave Paris,
[285]. Prevented by sickness, [286].
On the order to arrest her husband
she determines to appear before
the Convention to expostulate,
[286]. Escape of her husband
and fortitude with regard her own
peril, [286]. She was said to ad.
mire the handsome Barbaroux,
deputy for Marseilles, [286]. Her
calmness on being arrested, [287].
Arranges a systematic mode of
life in the Abbaie, [287]. Commits
her observations on the leaders
of the revolution to writing,
[288]. Deceptive assurance of her
being at liberty, [288]. But carried
to Ste. Pélagie, [288]. She
names Marceau to be her advocate,
[291]. Her defence written
by her over-night, [291]. Her sentence,
[291]. Is guillotined, [292].
Her dying address to the statue
of Liberty, [293]. M. Roland, in
safety at Rouen, stabs himself,
not to outlive his wife, [293]. Her
courage and sweetness of character
recorded, [293].
Romance, Spanish, I. [45].
Rome, visit of Rabelais to, I. [28].
Facetiousness of Rabelais elicited,
[29]. He attacks the vices of the
high clergy and ignorance of the
monks, [31].
Rotrou, poetry of, I. [43].
Rousseau, Jean Baptiste, banished
on his dispute with M. Saurin,
II. [6]. His quarrel with Voltaire,
[17]. [31].
Rousseau, Jean Jacques, ridiculed
by Voltaire, II. [88]. Born at Geneva
in 1712, [111]. His studies in
that town, [112]. Early life of, [113].
His "Confessions," [113]. et passim.
His rambles, [115]. Visits the curé
Pontverre, [116]. Visits madame de
Warens at Annecy, [117]. Is sent as
a proselyte to an hospital at Turin,
[117]. Errors and consequent remorse,
[119]. Leads a vagabond
life, [120]. Returns to madame de
Warens, [121]. His want of moral
courage, [121]. She departs for
Paris, [122]. Becomes a music-master
at Neufchâtel, [122]. And
at Chambery, [124]. His projects,
[125]. Resides with madame de
Warens at Les Charmettes, near
Chambery, [125]. His new method
of noting music, [127]. Arrives
in Paris, [128]. Accompanies
M. Montaigu as secretary to Venice,
[128]. Returns to Paris, and
is kindly received by his former
friends, [129]. His mistress, Thérèse
le Vasseur, [130]. [144]. [162]. He
sends their children to the Foundling
Hospital, [131]. His account of
this act in his "Confessions,"
[130]. Remissness of his moral sentiments,
[132]. His friendship for
Diderot, [133]. [144]. Laments his
friend's imprisonment, [144]. The
academy of Dijon having proposed
a question as to the influence of
the progress of arts and sciences on
the happiness and virtue of man,
Jean Jacques, in an essay, asserts,
it to be of evil tendency, and so
eloquently as to bear off the palm
[134]. This success acquires him
consideration, [135]. He refuses
the offer of a place with a farmer-general,
although a road to fortune,
[129]. [135]. Earns a livelihood
by copying music, [135]. His "Devin
du Village," [136]. It becomes
the fashion with the great to encourage
and soothe him, [136]. Revisits
Geneva, [137]. Abjures the
Romish faith, [137]. He inhabits
the Hermitage, near the wood of
Montmorenci, [138]. His writings,
[139]. His meditations and day
dreams, [139]. His "System of
Education," [139]. Writes the
"Nouvelle Héloise," [140]. [150]. His
declarations to madame d'Houdetot,
[142]. His mental sufferings
nurtured by this hopeless passion,
[145]. Accusation against Grimm's
loyalty in his conduct to Rousseau,
[145]. Diderot's letter to
Rousseau respecting madame
d'Epinay, [146]. Indecision of Jean
Jacques, [146]. Removes to Montmorenci,
[147]. Diderot having offended
him, seeks a reconciliation,
and is repulsed, [148]. The
nobility court him with compassionate
regard, [150]. His religious
principles unsettled, [152]. "The
Confession of the Vicar of Savoy,"
[152]. Consequences of the publication
of "Emile," [153]. The
"Emile" of Rousseau condemned
to the flames at Geneva, [153].
Rousseau proceeds to Iverdun,
in the territory of Bern, [154].
Exiled by the states of Bern
and Geneva, he settles at Motiers,
near Neufchâtel, [154]. Engages
in a controversy of the Genevans,
[157]. His "Lettres écrites de la
Montagne," [157]. Resides in the
island of St. Pierre, lake of Bienne,
[158]. Accompanies David
Hume to England, [159]. Writes
the first portion of his "Confessions"
at Wotton, [160]. George
III. grants him a pension of 100l.
per annum, [161]. Being half deranged,
he flies to France, [161].
Is protected by the prince of Conti,
[162]. He quits the Armenian
dress he had worn for ten years,
[163]. Is welcomed in Paris, [163].
Reads his "Confessions" to a
circle of acquaintance, [164]. His
mode of life, and diligence in
earning a subsistence, [165]. The
prince de Ligne takes an interest
in his welfare, [165]. His objection
to receive presents, [167].
Respect shown for him by a
Parisian audience at a theatre,
[168]. His death, [169]. Inquiry
into his state of mind, [169]. et
passim. Inscription on his tomb,
[170]. His character, [171]. His reveries,
[172]. Critique on the
"Emile," [173]. On the "Nouvelle
Héloise," [174].
S.
Sablière, madame de la, I. [165]. Her
society of poets, philosophers, &c.,
[166]. [171]. Her husband, the marquis
de la Sablière, [166]. [171]. His
fate, [163]. [171].
Sacy, M. de, friend of Pascal, I.
[198]. And of Racine, [298].
Saint Cyr, scene of madame Guyon's
impassioned mysteries, I. [342].
Sainte Helène, M. de, I. [223].
Saint Lambert, M. de, II. [141]. [143].
Scaramouche, Italian actor, instructs
Molière, I. [102].
Scarron, abbé, imitator of Rabelais
in facetiousness, I. [36]. Allusions
to, [283].
Schomberg, count de, I. [215]. Created
marshal, 215. II. [145].
"Sciomachie, La," by Rabelais, I.
[37].
Scott, sir Walter, his Essay on
Molière, I. [108]. [128]. [130], n. Allusion
to his works, [147].
Schlegel, his criticisms on Molière,
I. [146].
Schlegel, William, not permitted by
Buonaparte to reside at madame
de Staël's at Coppet, II. [336].
Scudéri, M. de, I. [45]. His attack
upon Corneille, [47].
Scudéri, mademoiselle, her novels,
I. [107]. Their extravagant style
in language and argument, [107].
Allusions to, I. [223], n. [293].
Séguier, chancellor of France, I.
[222]. [223].
Segur, count de, descended in the
female line from Montaigne, I.
[21], n.
Seneca, tragedies of, I. [44].
Sévigné, madame de, compares the
genius of Corneille with Racine,
and prefers the former, I. [57]. Her
delightful style, [85]. [87]. Her character
of the duke of Rochefoucauld,
[88]. Her life narrated,
[214]-[258]. Her maiden name
Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, [214].
Her father, the baron de Chantal,
slain at La Rochelle in an engagement
with the English, [215]. His
laconic epistle to marshal Schomberg,
[215]. His family the elder
branch of the Rabutins, [214]. [215].
His wife was Marie de Coulanges,
[214]. [215]. Their daughter, Marie
de Rabutin-Chantal, born in
1626, [214]. Is left an orphan, [215].
Taught Italian and Latin by
Ménage and Chapelle, [216]. Is
married to Henri, marquis de
Sévigné, [216]. Her children, [216].
The marquise a zealous Frondeuse,
[217]. Her friendship with
mademoiselle de Montpensier
and the duchess de Châtillon, [217].
Loss of her husband, [218]. Educates
her children, [218]. Her
widowhood exemplary, [218]. Her
grief on the loss of the abbé de
Coulanges, her uncle, [223]. She frequents
the Hôtel Rambouillet, [220].
Quarrel of Bussy-Rabutin with his
fair cousin, [221]. Reconciliation,
[225]. He reproaches her with
avarice, [225]. Her sorrow for the
imprisonment and exile of de
Retz, [221]. Her sympathy with the
misfortunes of Fouquet, [222]. [223],
n. She retires from Paris, [225].
Returns and presents her daughter
at court, [225]. Her journeys
to her estate of Les Rochers in
Brittany, [237]. [239]. [249].; and to see
her daughter in Provence, [228].
[241]. Her separation from her
daughter, [228]. Her son accompanies
an expedition to Candia,
[226]. His attachment for Ninon
de l'Enclos, [230]. He marries and
retires to his estates in Brittany,
[231]. [240]. [247]. [249]. Madame de
la Fayette and other friends of
madame de Sévigné, [231]. Her
life in Brittany described, [240]. [241].
Seized with rheumatism, [244].
She is out of favour at court,
as being a Jansenist, [248]. [249]. [257].
She spends her latter years with
her daughter in Provence, [253].
Final visit to Paris, [254]. She
dies at Grignan, aged 70. [254].
Opinions on her character and
literary merit, [255]-[258]. Her
family now extinct, [258]. Remark
of madame de Sévigné, II. [207].
Her correspondence:—Letters
to her daughter, madame de
Grignan, I, [220]. [224]. [237]. [238]. [239].
[241]. [244]. [246]. [247]. [248]. [251].
Her letters to her cousin the
count de Bussy-Rabutin, [217].
[226]. [227]. [247]. [249]. [251]. Her letters
to various friends, [223].
Letters from count de Bussy to
madame de Sévigné, [219].
Sévigné, Henri Marquis de, I. [216].
His marriage with Marie de Rabutin-Chantal
at first happy, [216].
Their son and daughter, [216].
His relationship to the cardinal
de Retz, [217]. The marquis and
his celebrated lady join the
Fronde, [217]. His affection for
Ninon de l'Enclos, [217]. Killed
by the chevalier d'Albret in a
duel, [218].
Shakspeare, William, I. 40. Voltaire's
remarks on, II. [101].
Sirven family, case of the, II. [83].
"Songes Drolatiques," to whom
ascribed, I. [38].
Sophocles, I. 40. II. [15]. His "Œdipus
Tyrannus," [16].
Sorbonne, the, condemns Rabelais'
"Pantagruel," I. [31]. The "Philosophical
Cream," a burlesque
on the schoolmen of, [38]. Condemns
the book on St. Augustin,
by Antony Arnaud, [200].
Soyecourt, M. de, Grand-Veneur,
I. [113].
Spain, the modern drama takes its
rise in, I. [41]. Guillen de Castro,
[45]. Lope de Vega, [51]. War of
with France during the minority
of Louis XIV., [67].
[Staël] Holstein, baronne de, her
father, M. Necker, placed in the
banking-house of Thelusson, II.
[295]. His essay on corn-laws,
[295]. Marries mademoiselle
Churchod, [296]. Their only
daughter, [296]. Early instructions
and habits of madame de Staël,
[297]. Attention paid her in society
by men of letters, [297]. Her
attention to their discourse, [298].
Her taste for society thus acquired,
[298]. Fears with regard to
her health, [299]. She attributes her
frankness, to her father's quick
perception of her faults, [300]. His
high repute in France, [301]. His
"Compte Rendu," [301]. [304]. Retires
to Coppet on the Lake of Geneva,
[302]. His work on finance, its
enormous sale, [303]. Mlle. Necker
begins to write at an early age,
[303]. Her Plays and Tales printed,
[303]. Her suitors, [304]. Mr. Gibbon
a visitor at Necker's, [305].
She espouses the baron de Staël
Holstein, [305]. Her letters on the
writings of Rousseau, [305]. Portrait
or character of her at this
period, [306]. Her father restored
to the ministry by Louis XVI.,
[307]. His moderation, [307]. Is
again exiled, and ordered to depart
silently, [308]. Necker and
his wife repair to Brussels. [309].
Madame de Staël's remarks on
joining him there, [309]. His
generosity in financial matters
toward the nation, [309]. The Bastille
being destroyed, Louis again
sends for him, and he returns to
Paris, [310]. The baroness describes
their journey, [311]. She
witnesses many events of the revolution,
[312]. Interview with
Marie Antoinette, [313]. Necker
resigns on account of the issue
of assignats, which he disapproved,
[313]. Madame de Staël
shares in Lafayette's plan for
effecting the escape of the king,
[314]. Her carriage stopped by
the republicans, [314]. Her courage,
[314]. Sets out from Paris,
[315]. Carried before the section
of St. Germain, [316]. She pleads
before Robespierre's tribunal her
being the ambassadress from
Sweden, [316]. Is saved by the
interposition of Manuel, [316]. Is
allowed to leave Paris with her
maid only, [317]. Her joy on traversing
Mount Jura and arriving
at her father's at Coppet,
[317]. Visits England, [317]. Her
father's pamphlet in favour of
Louis XVI., and her appeal for
the queen, [318]. Death of madame
Necker, [318]. M. de Staël
repairs to Paris as Swedish ambassador,
accompanied by the
baroness, [319]. Although denounced
in the reign of terror,
her influence was still great, [320].
Her feelings and character depicted,
[320]. Her first meeting
with Buonaparte unpropitious,
[321]. Invasion of Switzerland,
[322]. She repairs to Coppet to M.
Necker, [322]. Witnesses the revolution
which established Buonaparte,
[323]. Her conversation
with Joseph Buonaparte, [324].
Benjamin Constant her friend,
[324]. Enmity of Napoleon on account
of Constant's opposition,
[325]. Her loss of her husband in
1799, [327]. Her novel of "Delphine,"
[327]. Its charm, [327]. Her
love of her father, [328]. On the expiration
of the peace of Amiens she
is exiled from Paris, [329]. She is
accompanied by Benjamin Constant
to Weimar and Berlin, [330].
Her "Années d'Exil" one of her
best writings, [330]. [339]. Death of
her father, [331]. Her affection
for her children, [331]. Her society,
[331]. Publishes the writings
of M. Necker, [331]. Visits
Rome and writes "Corinne,"
[331]. Opinion of that work in
Italy, [332]. Publishes "Corinne"
at Rouen, [332]. Her perception of
ennui, [333]. Her sentiments, [333].
Intends publishing her "Germany"
at Blois, [331]. The impression
is seized, and she is ordered to
quit France, [331]. Persecution of
her unabated, [335]. She accompanies
M. de Montmorency in a
tour through Switzerland, [336].
Madame Recamier banished for
having spent a few hours with
her, [336]. M. Rocca, a young
Spanish officer in the French
army, wounded, visits Geneva,
[337]. Falls in love, [337]. Madame
de Staël marries him, [338].
She escapes from Coppet, [338].
Journey through Austria, Poland,
Russia, and Sweden, to England,
[338]. [339]. Admired by the English,
[339]. Louis XVIII. repays to her
two millions which her father had
generously advanced to Louis
XVI., [339]. Lord Byron thought
likely to marry Albertine de
Staël, her daughter, [339]. Byron
living at Diodati visits at Coppet,
[310]. Her daughter marries the
duke de Broglie, [310]. Madame de
Staël's piety, [341]. Her remark
upon life, [341]. Her resignation in
sickness, [341]. Her death in Paris,
aged nearly fifty-two, [341]. M.
Rocca survived his wife but a few
months, [341]. She had many enemies,
the result sometimes of envy
of merit, [342]. Her love of France,
[342]. Chateaubriand's opinion of
her, [343]. Interest of her works,
[343].
Stanislas, king of Poland, II. [49]. [51].
Sterne, Laurence, his "Tristram
Shandy" resembles "Rabelais," I.
[37].
St. Evremond, M. de, I. [57].
St. Pierre, M. Bernardin de, II. [128].
His account of J. J. Rousseau,
[167].
St.Pierre, abbé de St., II. [139].
Sully, duke of, I. [41]. His administration,
[64].
Sully, duke of, a warm friend of
Voltaire, II. [17].
Swift, dean, his "Gulliver," and
"Tale of a Tub," I. [36].
T.
"Tartuffe, Le," of Molière, I. [119].
Application of the character to
the bishop of Autun, [147].
Tellier, Le, secretary of state, I. [222].
[224].
Tellier, archbishop of Rheims,
I. [339], n.
Tencin, cardinal, II. [71]. [74].
Terence, comedies of, I. [153]. [155].
[Theatre], French, mysteries and
moralities preceded the regular
drama, I. [41]. Indebted to Spanish
dramatists, [41]. "Mélite," by
Corneille, [42]. Dramas of Hardy,
[41]. [42]. Of cardinal de Richelieu,
[41]. [43]. Theatre in the cardinal's
palace, [43]. "Sophonisba" of
Mairet, [44]. Plays of Corneille
critically examined, [45]-[59]. His
"Essais sur le Théâtre," [54]. Voltaire's
rules for French diction in
tragedy, [61]. Corneille's style,
[62]. Molière's first comedy of
"L'Etourdi," [103]. His "Le Dépit
Amoureux," [103]. Farcical interludes
of merit by Molière, [105].
These form the groundwork of his
best comedies, [105]. Theatres of
Paris in the time of Molière,
[106]. [304]. Racine's comedy of
"Les Plaideurs," [310]. Voltaire's
"Œdipe" and numerous dramas,
II. [15]. et seq.
Thianges, madame de, I. [278].
Thiers, M., his "History of the
French Revolution," II. [273].
Thiriot, M., early companion of
Voltaire, II. [9]. [16]. [32]. [107].
Thomas, M., French writer and
poet, II. [171].
Thou, De; president, his opinion of
Rabelais, I. [33].
Tiraqueau, André, French magistrate,
letter of Rabelais to, I. [25].
[26].
Torricelli, mathematician, I. [192].
Tory, Geoffry, the "Champ Fleury"
of, I. [31].
Toulouse, judgments by the parliament
of, II. [79]. [83].
Tragedy, French, Pierre Corneille,
the father of. I. [40]-[62]. Thomas
Corneille's plays, [56]. Racine's
tragedies, [58]. Voltaire's Commentary
on Corneille, [45], n. [61].
Voltaire's tragedies, II. [15]. [19]. [22].
[25]. [45], &c.
Tronchin, Dr., of Geneva, II. [72].
[81]. [106]. [299].
Turenne, marshal de, serves in conjunction
with Condé at Rocroi, I.
[67]. Gives battle to the prince of
Condé, [83].; and defeats him, [81].
His death, [241].
Turgot, M., finance minister, II.
[100]. [101]. [178].
Turlupin, French comedian in
Molière's time, I. [101].
U.