III. <I>German Translations</I>. - L. Haymann, <I>R. Solomon Iarchi. Ausfuhrlicher Commentar uber den Pentateuch</I>. 1st vol., Genesis, Bonn, 1883, in German characters and without the Hebrew text. Leopold Dukes, <I>Rashi zum Pentateuch</I>, Prague, 1833-1838, in Hebrew characters and with the Hebrew text opposite. J. Dessaner, a translation into Judaeo-German with a vowelled text, Budapest, 1863. Some fragmentary translations into Judaeo-German had appeared before, by Broesch, in 1560, etc.
2. THE TALMUDIC COMMENTARIES. - All the editions of the Talmud contain Rashi's commentary. Up to the present time forty-five complete editions of the Talmud have been counted.
3. RESPONSA. - Some Responsa addressed to the rabbis of Auxerre were published by A. Geiger, <I>Melo Hofnaim</I>, Berlin, 1840. Twenty-eight Responsa were edited by B. Goldberg, <I>Hofes Matmonim</I>, Berlin, 1845, thirty by J. Muller, <I>Reponses faites par de celebres rabbins francais et lorrains des xie et xiie siecles</I>, Vienna, 1881. Some isolated Responsa were published in the collection of Responsa of Judah ben Asher (50a, 52b), Berlin, 1846, in the <I>Ozar Nehmad</I> II, 174, in <I>Bet-Talmud</I> II, pp.296 and 341, at the end of the study on Rashi cited below in section C, etc.
4. THE SEFER HA-PARDES was printed at Constantinople in 1802 according to a defective copy. The editor Intercalated fragments of the <I>Sefer ha-Orah</I>, which he took from an often illegible manuscript.
THE MAHEOR VITRY, the existence of which was revealed by Luzzatto, was published according to a defective manuscript of the British Museum, under the auspices of the literary Society <I>Mekize Nirdamim</I>, by S. Hurwitz, Berlin, 1890-1893, 8.
C. CRITICAL WORKS OF REFERENCE
Book I. Chap. 1. - On the situation of the Jews In France in general, the following works may be read with profit: Zunz, <I>Zur Geschichte und Literatur</I>, Berlin, 1845. Gudemann, <I>Geschichte des Erziehungswesens und der Cultur der Juden in Frankreich und Deutschland</I>, Vienna, 1880, 8 (Hebrew translation by Frledberg under the title <I>Ha-Torah weha- Hayim</I>, ed. Achiassaf, Warsaw, 1896).
Berliner, <I>Aus dem Leben der deutschen Juden im
Mittelalter</I>, Berlin, 1900.
Abrahams, <I>Jewish Life in the Middle Ages</I>, Jewish
Publication Society of America, Philadelphia, 1896. Concerning
Gershom ben Judah, see Gross, <I>Gallia judaica</I>, Paris,
1897, pp.299 <I>et seq</I>.
Chap. II-IV.-Works in general. Besides the accounts of Rashi in the works of the historians of the Jewish people and literature (especially Graetz, <I>Geschichte der Juden</I>, Leipsic, 1861, vol. vi; English translation published by the Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia, 1895, vols. iii and iv; Hebrew translation by L. Rabbinovitch, Warsaw, 1894, vol. iv), there are two most important studies of Rashi: