Marcella, early life and marriage of, [17], [18];
becomes a widow, [18];
her reputation for eccentricity, ib., [19];
forms her community of Christian women, [20];
her zeal for knowledge, [26];
entreated by Paula and Jerome to abandon the world, [89]-[91];
prefers her useful life in Rome, [92], [93];
saves Principia from the Goths, [110];
tortured by them, ib.;
her death, [113].
See[Marcella, the Society of].
Marcella, the Society of, founded, [20];
character and position of the members, [21];
some associates of, [22]-[24];
a religious and intellectual meeting-place, [25];
daily life of the members, [26];
Thierry quoted on their occupations, ib.;
Jerome becomes the guest of, [49], [54];
wealth and liberality of, [55], [56];
unrestricted life of, [57];
shares in the popular resentment against Jerome, [77];
last days of, [108]-[110].
Marriage of priests, decree of the first Lateran Council against, [235], [238];
priests rebel against this measure, [237];
effects of the decree on the minds of the laity, [238], [239].
Martin V., [516], [517], [525];
begins the reconstruction and adornment of Rome, [523];
administers justice ib.
Melania, her bereavement, [30];
abandons her son, ib., [31];
sensation caused in Rome by her disappearance, [32];
in the Egyptian deserts, [33];
provides for and protects hunted monks, [35];
her encounter with the proconsul in Palestine, ib.;
accompanied by Rufinus, [36], [39];
founds a monastery at Jerusalem, [41];
the nature of her self-sacrifice, ib.;
her quarrel with Paula, [81].
Nicolas V., [392], [516], [562], [567];
as a lover of literature, [530];
unconscious of the coming revolution, ib.;
his origin, [531];
his learning, ib.;
makes his reputation, [532];
as a book collector, [534];
his character, [535];
a lover of peace, ib.;
his dealings with his literary men, [537];
churches rebuilt by, [544];
his additions to the Vatican and to St. Peter's, [545];
founds the Vatican library, [546];
his work as a builder-Pope, [549];
his death-bed counsel to his cardinals, [550], [551].
Nobles, Roman, strongholds of, in Rome, [382];
use made of, by Rienzi, [447], [448];
arrested at Rienzi's banquet, and afterwards discharged, [449];
effect of this treatment upon, [450];
rebellion of the Orsini, [451];
and of the Colonnas, [453]-[456];
their return to the city, [472], [473].
See[Aristocracy].
Paul II. builds the Palazzo Venezia, [559];
Platina's strictures upon, ib., [560];
dismisses the learned men patronised by Pius, [560], [561];
imprisons Platina, [561];
his liberality, [562];
restores ancient monuments, ib.;
his magnificent tastes, ib., [563];
Platina on his private life, [563];
his humours and vanities, [564];
his death, [568].
Paula, [37], [63];
and her family, [22]-[25], [26];
her friendship with Jerome, [49], [69];
her character and position, [65], [66];
how she was attracted to the Marcellan Society, [66];
Jerome's letter to, on Blæsilla's death, [68], [69];
her abandonment of her home and children, [77], [78];
her journey to Jerusalem, [79], [80];
her quarrel with Melania, [81];
travels through Syria, ib.;
builds convents and a hospice, [82], [83];
assists Jerome in the translation of the Scriptures, [83]-[88];
entreats Marcella to join her in Bethlehem, [90], [91].
Pius II., [562], [567];
his early career, [553], [554];
his character, [554];
his writings, [555];
as a builder, [556];
his enthusiasm for the crusade against the Turk, [557], [558].
Plague in Rome, and the processions of penitents, [144]-[146].
Platina, his biased account of Paul II., [559], [560];
protests against Paul's dismissal of the learned men, [560];
imprisoned, [561];
reinstated, [577].
Poor, the destitute, Gregory feeds and cares for, [151].
Populace, Roman, degraded state of, in the 4th century, [4], [5];
all nominally Christian, [57];
their resentment against the monks, [63];
compel Gregory to abandon his mission to Britain, [141], [142];
Gregory feeds the destitute poor, [151];
fight between Papal troops and, [385]-[389];
their reception of Louis of Bavaria, [389]-[391];
reception of Fra Venturino by, [394], [395];
unruliness and recklessness of, [395];
enthusiastic over the crowning of Petrarch, [399], [400];
Rienzi as an ambassador of, to Clement VI., [404]-[409];
give absolute power to Rienzi, [427];
begin to criticise Rienzi, [438];
their conflict with the Colonna, [454]-[457];
resent Rienzi's baptism of his son, [461], [462];
had no active share in Rienzi's downfall, [472];
invite him to reassume the government of the city, [489];
their reception of Rienzi, [494];
their rising against him, [502]-[508].
See[Rome].
Provence, Innocent's missionaries in, [358], [359];
appeal of the forfeited lords of, against de Montfort, [371].
Raphael, [595], [597];
employed by Julius II., [589], [590];
his portrait of Julius, [590];
Pope Leo's patronage of, [598];
Bishop Creighton on his artistic aims, ib.;
had no didactic purposes, ib.
Raymond, Bishop, the Pope's Vicar, [416], [424], [427], [429];
protests against Rienzi's pretensions, [442];
reconciled to Rienzi, [471].
Rienzi, Cola di, his historian, [382], [384];
his parentage, [403], [404];
his love for the ancient writers, [403];
his early life, ib., [404];
sent on a mission to Clement VI., [404];
appointed notary to the City Council of Rome, [405];
success of the mission, [406];
letter announcing his success, ib.;
disgrace and return to favour, [410], [411];
protests against the rapacity of the City Council, [412];
his painted allegories, [413], [415], [419];
attitude of the patricians towards, [416], [419], [423];
his address to the Roman notables, [417], [418];
his power and privileges, [418];
and the secret society, [423], [424];
the conspiracy carried out, [425];
addresses the people on the Capitol, [426];
absolute power given to, by the people, [427];
drives all the nobles out of Rome, [429];
compels the nobles to swear loyalty to the Buono Stato, ib., [430];
his character, [431];
justice and public safety in Rome secured by, [431]-[434];
his braggadocio, [432];
secures the safety of travellers on the roads, ib., [433];
his authority confirmed by the Pope, [434];
his procession to St. Peter's, ib., [435];
his love of magnificence, [435];
Petrarch's letters to, [436];
success of his warlike expeditions, ib., [437];
beginning of his indiscretions, [437], [438];
makes himself a knight, [438];
claims to hold his authority from God and from the people, [440];
friendly messages from European monarchs to, [441];
ceremonials of his knighthood, ib., [442];
the Pope's Vicar protests against his pretensions, [443];
claims universal dominion in the name of the Roman people, ib., [444];
sincerity of his claim, [444], [445];
crowning of, [445], [446];
Fra Guglielmo's grief for, [447];
makes use of the nobles, ib., [448];
gives a banquet to the nobles, [448];
arrests and discharges them, [449];
his expedition against the Orsini, [451];
his meeting with the Pope's legate, [452];
a powerful party organised against, [453];
apprehensive of danger, ib.;
celebrates his victory over the Colonna, [457];
fails to take advantage of his success, [460];
his son's baptism of blood, [461];
his friends begin to desert him, [462];
Petrarch's letter of reproof to, [465];
Petrarch's faith in him shaken, [466];
moderates his magnificence and his arrogance, [470];
sees visions of disaster, [471];
his downfall, [471]-[473];
develops the character of a conspirator, [473], [474];
takes refuge among the Fraticelli, [474], [475];
his correspondence with Charles IV., [476];
handed over to the Pope, ib.;
condemned to death, [477];
how he was saved, ib., [479];
his career and downfall, Petrarch's letter on, [478];
returns with the Pope's legate to Rome, [484], [485];
welcomed in the towns of the Patrimony, [488];
his enterprise assisted by Moreale and his mercenaries, [490];
obtains the countenance of the Pope's legate, ib., [491];
his expedition sets out, [491];
his hopes and aims, [492];
his reception by the Roman populace, [493], [494];
change in his outward man, [494];
his expedition against Stefanello, ib., [495];
his motives for executing Moreale, [496];
imprisons and executes Moreale, [497]-[500];
this act generally approved, [500];
but questioned by his councillors, ib.;
how he raised money to pay the mercenaries, [501];
becomes irresolute, [502];
his final downfall and death, [502]-[509];
estimate of his career, [508], [509].
Roland of Parma presents Henry's letters to Pope Gregory, [257].
Roman society, state of, at the end of the 4th century, [3]et seq.;
irresponsible wealth of the patrician class, [3], [4];
debased state of the populace, [4], [5];
luxurious habits of the nobles, [5], [6];
and of the women, [7];
conjunction of the old and new religions in, [8]-[10];
relations of the Church with, [10]-[12];
Jerome's picture of, quoted, [60], [61];
undermined by the ascetic ideals, [106]-[108].
See[Aristocracy]and[Populace].
Rome, her two conquests of the world, [1], [2];
transitional period in her history, [2];
her position at the end of the 4th century, [3];
believed in the 4th century to be the Scarlet Woman of Revelation, [105];
sacked by the Goths, [108], [109];
successive sieges of, [119], [120];
no patriot aroused to the defence of, [123];
defenceless state of, [138];
distress and pestilence in, [144]-[147], [150], [151];
preserved by Gregory from barbarian attacks, [151];
heartened by Gregory's energy, [159];
Gregory's achievements for, [169], [182];
Gregory accused of destroying ancient buildings in, [176];
state of, in the 11th century, [182], [183];
its outward aspect in the time of Gregory VII., [242], [243];
a portion of, seized by Emperor Henry IV., [293];
Henry withdraws his troops from, [295];
and again occupies the city, [296], [297];
sacked by Guiscard and the Normans, [299];
Innocent III. endeavours to strengthen his hold upon, [322], [323];
her constitution changed by Gregory, [323];
populace of, at enmity with Innocent III., [375];
buildings erected in, by Innocent, [376];
disorderly state of, in the 14th century, [381]-[383];
strongholds of the great nobles in, [382];
fight between Papal troops and the people of, [384]-[386];
reception of Louis of Bavaria in, [389];
as arbiter of the world, [390];
how Fra Venturino was received in, [394], [395];
public safety and justice unknown in, [401], [424], [425];
establishment of the Buono Stato in, [425]-[427];
public safety secured in, by Rienzi, [432], [434];
apprehensions aroused in foreign countries by the revival of, [435], [436];
her claim to universal dominion, [439];
assertion of the claim by Rienzi, [442]-[444];
expedition of the Colonna against, [453]-[457];
dream of a double reign of universal dominion in, [475];
celebration of the Jubilee in, [480], [481];
anarchy in, after Rienzi's fall, [483], [484];
possessed no native art, [516];
external state of, at Pope Martin's entry, [517]-[522];
restoration and adornment of, begun, [522], [523], [525];
restoration and adornment of buildings in, by Nicolas V., [544], [549];
art workshops in, [545], [546];
ancient monuments restored by Paul II., [562];
still disorderly, [569];
King Ferdinand's advice regarding the balconies and tortuous streets, [570];
his suggestion adopted by Sixtus, [571].
See[Borgo].
Rudolf, Duke of Suabia, [233], [290];
elected king, [275];
anxious for the council of arbitration, [281];
his case stated before the Lateran Council, [282];
declared King of Germany by the Pope, [285];
Gregory sends the imperial crown to, [289];
his death, [290].
See[Emperors, the two rival].
Rufinus travels with Melania, [36], [37];
arrives in Rome, [100];
his controversy with Jerome, ib.
St. Paul, the monastery of, Hildebrand's reforms in, [194].
St. Peter, evidence for his presence and execution in Rome, [540].
St. Peter's, the old and the modern church, [539], [541];
additions made to, by Nicolas, [545];
pulled down by Julius II., [583], [584];
architecture of the ancient church, [584];
completion of the present church, [600].
Simony, [188], [224], [230];
crusade of Leo IX. against, [196]-[199];
Hildebrand's hatred of, [211], [232];
condemned by the first Lateran Council, [236];
Gregory VII. a martyr to his hatred of, [303], [304].
Sixtus IV., his pedigree, [569];
his purposes and achievements, ib., [570];
rebuilds the narrow and tortuous streets, [570];
builds a bridge over the Tiber, [571];
reconstructs the hospital Santo Spirito, [572], [573];
his violent temper, [573];
all Rome pervaded by his work, ib., [574];
restores the aqueducts, [574];
painters employed by, for the Sistine chapel, [575];
his varied aims and activities, [575]-[577];
reinstates Platina and his fellow-scholars, [577];
enlarges the Vatican library, ib.;
his taste in art, ib.;
his favourites, [578]-[580].
Soldiers of Fortune, [487];
Rienzi procures the services of, [489];
how he raised money to pay them, [501].
States of the Church, Innocent III. regains possession of, [324], [325];
secured by Julius II., [587];
part of them lost again, [596].
Vatican, its reconstruction begun by Innocent, [376];
enlarged and adorned by the Popes, [544];
additions built to, by Nicolas, [545];
library of, founded by Nicolas, [546];
and enlarged by Sixtus, [577].
Venice, drives a bargain with the Crusaders, [353].
Venturino, Fra, his reception in Rome, [394], [395].
William the Conqueror, his invasion of England sanctioned by Hildebrand, [221], [222].
Women, friendships between religious zealots and, [49], [50];
harshly spoken of by Catholic teachers, [49];
their success in the art of government, [202];
take part in the election of a Pope, [227];
form part of a council called by Gregory VII., [233], [234].
Women, Roman, their artificial life, [7];
influence of the conflicting religions upon their actions, [9], [10];
Jerome's description of different types of, [60]-[62].
See[Marcella, the Society of].