Self-Help Mechanical Drawing: An Educational Treatise

by N. Hawkins

Moreover, as between author and publishers, the latter have agreed to issue the work in the most thorough style possible—as to paper, printing and binding—and to sell it at a very generously low price, considering all things.

With the closing words “hail and farewell,” the author bids adieu (God be with you) to the reader and the student.

BEACON LIGHT.

Hawkins’ SelfHelp Mechanical Drawing.
Index.

• PAGE
• Acute Angle, def. [42]
• Acute-Angled Triangle, def. [50]
• Addendum Circle, illus. [200]
• Alphabets, Gothic, desc. [171]
• Altitude, def. [41]
• Altitude of a Polygon, def. [47]
• American Machinist, Quotation from [141]
• Angle, def. [41], [83]
• To bisect an [89]
• To draw an [89]
• Angle-Iron, illus. [75]
• Angle-Plate, illus. [75]
• Angular Perspective Drawing, illus. [260], [265]
• Apex, def. [42]
• Apex of an Angle, def. [42]
• Arc, def. [42]
• Complement of an [99]
• Cosecant of an [99]
• Cotangent of an [99]
• Sine of an [99]
• Supplement of an [99]
• Tangent of an [99]
• Versed Sine of an [99]
• Arc of Circle, To find the center of an [90]
• Arcs, Drawing [146]
• Illus. [146]
• Arrow-Heads, how made [172], [176]
• Axiom, def. [83]
• Axis, Conjugate, def. [96]
• Of a Figure, def. [43]
• Of a Solid, def. [42]
• Transverse, def. [96]
• Backlash in Gearing [215]
• Backward Projection desc. [152], illus. [152-3]
• Base, def. [43]
• Of a Polygon, def. [47]
• Beacon Light, illus. [282]
• Beam Compasses desc. [124], illus. [124]
• Bending Machine, Hydraulic desc. [221], illus. [220-1]
• Benjamin, Prof. Chas., “How and What to Study” [23]
• Bevel-Gear, desc. [201]
• Bevel Mortise Wheel, desc. [203]
• Bevel Wheel desc. [199], illus. [203]
• Bisect, def. [43]
• Bisector, def. [43]
• Blackboard, illus. and desc. [27]
• Blackboard Drawing [28]
• Blue Printing desc. [186], illus. [187]
• Test pieces [188]
• Blue Prints, Office rules for [196]
• Black Process Copying [188]
• Boiler-Plate, Riveted, illus. [76]
• Bolt, Square-head, illus. [76]
• Bolt and Nut, Square-head desc. [144], illus. [145]
• Hexagon desc. [144], illus. [76], [144]
• Bow-Dividers desc. [123], illus. [122]
• Bow-Pencil, desc. [123]
• Bows, Use of [242]
• Brick, Section Lining, illus. [182]
• Broken Lines, How to Draw [33]
• Def. [46]
• Bumping Post, illus. [226]
• Calipers, illus. [vi]
• Cast-Iron, Section-Lining, illus. [182]
• Caulking Tool, illus. [76]
• Center Line, def. [46]
• Center Lines, In Drawings [240-1]
• In Shop Drawings [192]
• Chalk-Crayon desc. [27], illus. [27], [37]
• Chalk-Work [27]
• Instruments for Drawing, illus. [29]
• Channel-Iron, illus. [75]
• Checking Drawings [194]
• Circle, def. [43]
• To describe about a square [93]
• about a triangle [93]
• through two points [90]
• through three points [90]
• To find the center [90]
• To inscribe in a square [94]
• in a triangle [94]
• Circles, Drawing desc. [146], illus. [146]
• Circumference of a Circle [43]
• Circumscribe, def. [43]
• Circular Pitch Line, illus. [200]
• Classifying Drawings, Office Rules for [191]
• Clearance in Wheel Teeth [215]
• Cog-Wheel def. [201], illus. [201]
• Section Lining, illus. [183]
• Coin, Perspective View of a, illus. [248]
• Color and Tints [185]
• Compass, Mariners’, illus. [268]
• Compasses, Beam, desc. and illus. [124]
• Desc. and illus. [121]
• For holding chalk, illus. [29]
• How to hold, illus. [136]
• Complement of an Arc [99]
• Composition, Section-Lining, illus. [182]
• Concave, def. [44]
• Cone, def. [44]
• Conjugate Axis, def. [96]
• Construction, def. [44]
• Line, def. [46]
• Contents, Table of [24]
• Contour, def. [44]
• Convergence, def. [44]
• Convex, def. [44]
• Copying Drawings, Black Process [188]
• Blue Printing [186]
• Tracing [184]
• Copyright [viii]
• Corner, def. [44]
• Corollary, def. [83]
• Co-secant of an Arc, def. [99]
• Co-sine of an Arc, def. [99]
• Co-tangent of an Arc, def. [99]
• Crane, desc. [219]
• Working drawing of, illus. [218]
• Cross-Hatches, def. [44]
• Cross-hatching Drawings [182]
• Crown Wheel, illus. [208]
• Curve, def. [44]
• Curved Line, def. [46]
• Curved Lines, Drawing, desc. [69]
• Drawing Figures of [70], [72], [73]
• How to Draw [35]
• Illus. [70]
• Curved Surface, def. [49]
• Curve or Scroll, illus. [117]
• Cut Gears, desc. [215]
• Cylinder, def. [44]
• Cylindrical, def. [44]
• Cylindrical Projection, illus. [161]
• Dash Line, def. [46]
• Decimal Equivalents, Table of [269]
• Dedication [ix]
• Definitions, Preliminary [41]
• Degree, def. [41], [44]
• Describe, def. [44]
• Design, def. [44]
• Symmetry in, def. [50]
• Designing Gears [209]
• Detail Drawings, Office Rules for [191]
• Develop, def. [45]
• Diagonal, def. [45]
• Diagonals of a Polygon, def. [47]
• Diameter, def. [45]
• Diameter, Of a Circle [43]
• Diameters of Wheels, How to Measure [199]
• Diametral Pitch, desc. [200]
• Of Gears [212]
• Dimensioning Drawings desc. [176], illus. [177], [179]
• Dimension Line, def. [46]
• Dimensions on Drawings, Office Rules for [192]
• Dividers and Compasses, desc. [119]
• Dividers, illus. [82], [119]
• Bisecting, desc. [119]
• Bow, illus. [122]
• “Point” [242]
• Proportional desc. [119], illus. [120]
• Spring Bow, desc. [124]
• Dodecahedron, def. [48]
• Dot-and-Dash Line, def. [46]
• Dotted Line, def. [46]
• Draughtsmen, Useful Tables for [269]-[280]
• Drawing, Blackboard [28]
• Free hand [55]
• Linear Perspective [247]
• Parallel Perspective [260-1]
• Projection, desc. [148]
• Scale Perspective [257]
• Spur Gear, illus. [163], [211]
• Spur Wheel, desc. [162]
• Straight Line Figures desc. [65], illus. [66-7-8]
• Symbols [193]
• The Pitch Line [209]
• To Scale, desc. [126]
• Working, def. [51]
• Drawing-Board desc. [107], illus. [102], [106], [108]
• Expansion and Contraction of [108]
• How to Construct [107]
• Trestles, illus. [110], [111]
• Drawing Instruments, desc. [103]
• How to Select [104]
• Illus. [105]
• Outfit Recommended [104]
• Drawing Materials, desc. [103]
• Drawing Office Rules [191]
• Drawing Paper, desc. [132]
• Erasing lines [140]
• Fixing of, illus. [102]
• Fixing on the Board [139]
• Pasting [184]
• “Points” [243]
• Patent Office Sizes [234]
• Sizes of [133]
• Drawing Pencils, desc. and illus. [118]
• How to Use [56]
• Drawing Pen, Filling with ink, illus. [130]
• Drawing Pens, desc. and illus. [129]
• Drawing-Pins, desc. [110]
• Drawing Scales, desc. [126]
• Drawings, Cleaning, desc. [169]
• Color and Finish, note [185]
• Dimensioning, desc. [176]
• Inking in, desc. [167]
• Lettering, desc. [171]
• Patent Office Rules for [233]
• Reproducing [186]
• Section-Lining, desc. [182]
• Shading desc. [180], illus. [180], [225]
• Size of, Office Rules [191]
• Tint and Color, desc. [184]
• Drawing-Table, desc. [111]
• Folding Legs, illus. [104]
• Edge, def. [45]
• Elevation, def. [45]
• Elevation and Section, Spur Wheel desc. [216], illus. [212]
• Ellipse, An, desc. [96], [118]
• To describe when length and breadth are given [96]
• Envelopes, Portfolio, desc. [142]
• Equiangular Triangle, def. [45]
• Equilateral Triangle, def. [50]
• Erasing, “Points” on [242]
• Eye, illus. and desc. [253]
• Effect of Light on [253]
• Face, def. [45]
• Faced Surfaces, Points, etc. [242]
• Figures, Drawing Straight-line [65]
• Numerals, examples of [173]
• Straight-line, illus. [66]
• File Handle, desc. and illus. [144]
• Finger and Thumb Lines, illus. [64]
• Finished Surfaces, How to indicate [193]
• “Points” [242]
• Finishing, def. [45]
• Flanged-tooth Wheel, desc. [205]
• Flat Pattern, def. [47]
• Foreshortening, def. [45]
• Forward Projection desc. [151], [152], illus. [155]
• Free-hand, def. [45]
• Free-hand Drawing [55], [78]
• First Lesson in [30]
• Penciling, illus. [54]
• Free-hand Illustration, a Water Wheel [78]
• Friction-Clutch and Pulley, desc. [224]
• Friction Gear-Wheels, desc. [201]
• Full Line, def. [46]
• Gear, def. [199]
• Gearing, desc. [199]
• Drawing desc. [162], illus. [163]
• Gearing and Design [197]
• Gears, A Train of, desc. [208]
• Speed of [208]
• Gear-Wheels, Spur, illus. [198]
• Generated, def. [45]
• Geometric, def. [45]
• Geometrical Axioms [84]
• Geometrical Drawing, desc. [81]
• Problems in [86]
• Geometrical Signs [84]
• Geometry, defs. [249]
• Elements of [81]
• Gothic Letters, illus. [173]
• Grooved Friction Wheels, desc. [201]
• Ground-Plane def. [249], [255], illus. [249]
• Half-Tint, def. [45]
• Hand-Wheel, illus. [77]
• Hanger, illus. [179]
• Helical Wheel desc. [199], illus. [207]
• Hemisphere, def. [45]
• Heptagon, def. [47]
• Hexagon, def. [47]
• To Construct a [95]
• Hexagon-Head Bolt, illus. [144]
• Hexahedron, def. [48]
• Horizontal, def. [45], [250]
• Horizontal Line, in Drawing, illus. [250]
• How to Draw [32]
• In Perspective [252]
• Hypothesis, def. [83]
• Icosahedron, def. [48]
• India Ink, desc. and illus. [131]
• Dish or Tile, illus. [131]
• India Rubber Eraser, illus. [132]
• Use of [240]
• Ink, Preparing, for Drawings, desc. [167]
• Test for Good, desc. [167]
• Ink Eraser, Steel, desc. and illus. [132]
• Inking, illus. [166], [169]
• Long Lines, illus. [170]
• Rules of Procedure [168]
• Short Work, illus. [169]
• “Inking in” Drawings, desc. [167]
• “Points,” etc. [239], [243]
• Patent Office Drawings [234]
• Inscribe, def. [45]
• Instrumental, def. [45]
• Instruments for Chalk-work, illus. [29]
• Internal Gear, desc. [201]
• Internal-Gear Wheel, illus. [207]
• Introduction [15]
• Isosceles Triangle, def. [50]
• Lantern-Wheel, desc. [201]
• Lathe-Dog, illus. [76]
• Lemma, def. [83]
• Lettering, Blow-Off Valve, illus. [175]
• Drawings, desc. [171]
• Light, and Sense of Seeing [254]
• Experiment with, illus. [255]
• Laws of [252]
• Line, def. [82]
• To Divide into Equal Parts [89]
• Linear Perspective Drawing [247]
• Lines, def. [45]
• Note [65]
• Parallel, def. [83]
• Link Motion, Stephenson’s, illus. [225]
• Longitudinal, def. [46]
• Lucas, Theo., Acknowledgement [23], [266]
• Marking Measurements on Drawings [243]
• Mechanical Drawing [137], [247]
• Elevation [138]
• Examples [143]
• Procedure [141]
• Minerva, Free-hand Sketch of [iii]
• Miter-Wheel desc. [199], [204], illus. [204]
• Model, def. [46]
• Nonagon, def. [47]
• Numbering Drawings, Office Rules for [194-5]
• Numerals, illus. [173]
• Oblique, def. [46]
• Oblique Lines How to Draw, [32], [58], illus. [59], [63]
• Oblong, def. [46]
• Obtuse Angle, def. [42]
• Obtuse-Angled Triangle, def. [50]
• Octahedron, def. [48]
• Octagon, def. [47]
• To Describe on a given straight line [95]
• To Inscribe in a circle [96]
• Oil Can, illus. [77]
• Optic Nerve, illus. [253]
• Optics, in Drawing, def. [252]
• Outline Picture, desc. [152]
• Oval, def. [46]
• How to Draw an [71]
• Overall, def. [46]
• Paper, Fastening Drawing on [184]
• Rule or Scale [242]
• Sensitized, desc. [188]
• The Right Side of [241]
• Parallel, def. [46]
• Parallel Lines, def. [83], [252]
• To Draw [88]
• In Perspective [251]
• Parallel Perspective Drawing, illus. [260] to [263]
• Parallel Rule desc. [115], illus. [114-5]
• Parallelogram, def. [47]
• To Construct [93]
• Pasting Drawing Paper, “Points” [243]
• Patent Office Drawings [235], illus. [236]
• Rules of Great Britain [236]
• Rules of U. S. [233]
• Patterns, def. [46]
• Numbering, from drawings [194]
• Pedestal, illus. [178-9]
• Pen, Hand holding, illus. [166], [169], [170]
• Pencil, Function of a [142]
• How to Cut, illus. [57]
• How to Hold, illus. [54], [59], [60]
• How to Use [56]
• Pencil-Compasses, desc. [143]
• How to Hold [143]
• Penciling, desc. and illus. [139]
• “Points” [143], [240]
• Pencil Lines, How to Make [119]
• Pencils, Sharpening Points of [143], [241]
• Penknife, illus. [52]
• Pens, Drawing, illus. [129]
• Lettering and Figuring, illus. [172]
• Pentagon, def. [47]
• To Inscribe in a circle [94]
• Perimeter, def. [47]
• Of a Polygon, def. [47]
• Periphery of a Wheel, def. [200]
• Perpendicular, def. [47], [252]
• Perpendicular Lines, How to Draw [31], [61], [62]
• Perrott, Geo., Acknowledgement [23], [266]
• Personal, Note from the Author [266]
• Perspective Drawing def. [47], illus. [250]
• Definitions of Terms used in [249]
• Geometrical Terms used in [248]
• Of a Bridge, illus. [249]
• Scale or Approximate [257]
• Vanishing Point, illus. [251]
• Water Reflection, illus. [246]
• Perspective, Linear, def. [247]
• Perspective Plane, def. [250]
• Picture Plane, desc. [255]
• In Drawing, illus. [249], [250]
• In Perspective, illus. [258]
• Pinion-Wheel, desc. [201]
• Piston Rod, desc. [223]
• Pitch Circle in Gearing [200]
• Pitch Line, Drawing the [209]
• In Gearing [200]
• Plan, def. [47]
• Plan of the Work [21]
• Plane, in Perspective, def. [249]
• Plane of the Picture, def. [250]
• Plane Surface, def. [49]
• Point, def. [82]
• Point of Sight, in Perspective Drawing [251]
• Points, relating to Chalk Drawings [36]
• To be observed in Sketching [141-2]
• Useful Hints and [170], [239]
• Polygon, def. [47]
• Polyhedron, def. [48]
• Postulate, def. [83]
• Pounce, How to Use, desc. [170], [186]
• Preface [13]
• Preparatory Practice in Drawing [30]
• Prism, def. [49]
• Problems, def. [83]
• Geometrical [86]
• Produce, def. [49]
• Profile, def. [49]
• Projection, Backward, illus. [153-4]
• Def. [49]
• Cylindrical Outline, desc. [159]
• Cylindrical Surface, illus. [161]
• Forward desc. [152], illus. [155]
• Hexagon Nut, illus. [160]
• Marking Dimensions [150]
• Lines of Sight [150]
• Scaling and Measuring in [149]
• Sight-Lines, illus. [151]
• Sloping Surface, desc. [159]
• Spur-Wheel, desc. [162]
• Projection Drawing, desc. [148]
• Illus. [149], [151], [153], [154], [155], [157], [158], [160], [161], [163]
• Principles of [148]
• Spur-Wheel, illus. [163], [212]
• Proportional Dividers, illus. [120]
• Proportions of Teeth of Wheels [210]
• Proposition, def. [83]
• Protractor, desc. [128]
• Pulley and Friction Clutch, illus. [224]
• Punching Press illus. [222], desc. [223]
• Quadrant, def. [49]
• Quadrilateral, def. [47]
• Quadrisect, def. [49]
• Rack and Pinion, desc. [205]
• Radius of a Circle [43]
• Reading Working Drawings, desc. [229]
• Rectangle, def. [48]
• To Construct a [92]
• Reproducing Drawings, desc. [186]
• Reverse Curve, def. [44]
• Rhomboid, def. [48]
• Rhombus, def. [48]
• Right-Angle, def. [42]
• Triangle, def. [50]
• Robinson, A. W., M. E., note, Office Rules [191]
• Rolling-Circle in Gear-Wheel [200]
• Rule, Area of a Circle, To find the [271]
• Circumference of a Circle, To find the [271]
• Cylinder, To find the contents of a [271]
• Diameter of a Circle, To find the [271]
• Illus. [82]
• Inscribed Square, To find side of an [271]
• Parallelogram, To find the area of a [271]
• Pyramid or Cone, To find the contents of a [271]
• Radius of a circle, To find the [271]
• Sphere, To find the contents of a [271]
• Square, To find the side of an equal [271]
• Trapezoid, To find the area of a [271]
• Triangle, To find the area of a [271]
• Two-foot desc. [127], [128], illus. [128]
• Wedge, To find the contents of a [271]
• Rules for Drawing Office [191]
• Wheels, To find proportions of [209]
• Sand Paper, Removing surface of paper [168]
• Scale, Drawing to, desc. [126]
• Scale Drawings, To read [230]
• Scale, Flat, illus. [127]
• Triangular, illus. [127]
• Scalene Triangle, def. [50]
• Scale or Approximate Perspective [257]
• Scale Rule, for Proportions of Teeth [214]
• Scales, Drawing, desc. [126]
• Scholium, def. [83]
• Screw-Thread, U. S. Standard Gauge [280]
• Scroll or Curve, desc. [117]
• Universal Curve, illus. [134]
• Secant of an Arc [99]
• Section, def. [49]
• Drawing illus. [163], desc. [160]
• Sectional, def. [49]
• Section-Liner, illus. [116]
• Section Lines in Drawings [240]
• Section-Lining, Cast-iron, etc., illus. [182]
• Cog-Wheel, illus. [183]
• Section-Lining Drawings desc. [182], illus. [183]
• Wheel Hub, illus. [184]
• Selecting Drawing Instruments [103], [240]
• Semi-Circle, def. [43]
• Sensitized Paper, desc. [188]
• Set-Square, illus. [102], [114]
• Shading Curves, illus. [181]
• Shading Drawings [180]
• Shadow, def. [49]
• Shadow Line, def. [46]
• Shadow Lines, “Points” [241]
• Sharpening Pencils [57]
• Shop Drawings, Office Rules [192]
• Sight, Point of, in Perspective Drawing [252]
• Sense of [254]
• Sight Lines in Projection, illus. [157]
• Sine of an Arc [99]
• Skew-Gearing, desc. [203]
• Sketch Books, desc. [142]
• Office Practice [194]
• Sketches, details [142]
• Sketch, Free-hand, Advantage of [55]
• Sketching desc. [141], note [17]
• Points to be observed in [141]-2
• Sloping Surface in Projection desc. [159], illus. [166]
• Solid, def. [49], [83]
• Solid Pattern, def. [47]
• Speed of Gears [208]
• Sphere, def. [49]
• Spiral Curve, def. [44]
• Spring Bows illus. [122], [123], desc. [124]
• Spur-Gear desc. [201], illus. [211]
• Spur Mortise-Wheel, illus. [202]
• Spur-Wheel, desc. [199], [216]
• How to Draw [209]
• Illus. [198]
• Projection desc. [162], illus. [163]
• Teeth of cast-iron, desc. [202]
• Square, def. [48]
• To Convert into an Octagon [95]
• To Describe about a Circle [94]
• To Inscribe in a Circle [93]
• Standards, for U. S. [278]
• Office Rules for [193]
• Steady Rest, Scale, illus. [228]
• Straight Line, def. [46]
• To Draw a Perpendicular to a [86]
• Drawing Figures of [66-7-8]
• How to Draw a [57], [59]
• To Bisect a [86]
• Steel, Section-Lining, illus. [182]
• Steel Gears, Economy of [216]
• Surface, def. [49], [82]
• Symbols, representing Materials [193]
• Table of Areas of Circles [273-277]
• Bolts, Standard Sizes of [280]
• Circular Measure [272]
• Circumferences of Circles [273-277]
• Contents [24]
• Decimal Equivalents [269]
• Diameters of Circles [273-277]
• Land Measure [272]
• Metric Equivalents [270]
• Pipe, Standard Sizes of Welded [279]
• Roman Figures [272]
• Solid Measure [272]
• Wire Gauges [278]
• Useful for Draughtsmen [266-280]
• Tangent of an Arc, def. [99]
• To Draw a, to a Circle [91]
• Tee-Iron, illus. [75]
• Tee-Square, Adjustable, desc. and illus. [113]
• Desc. [112]
• How to Use, illus. [111], [147]
• Illus. [102], [112]
• Points about [242]
• Teeth in Bevel Gears, desc. [204]
• Terms and Definitions, Preliminary [41]
• Test-Pieces, Use of, in Blue Prints [188]
• Tetrahedron, def. [48]
• Theorem, def. [83]
• Thumb-Tack illus. [109], desc. [110]
• Tints and Colors, desc. [184]
• Title and Date, on Sketches [142]
• Title, Date, Scale, etc., Office Rules for [192]
• Title Page [vii]
• Tracing-Cloth, desc. [186]
• Tracings, Office Rules for Keeping [195]
• Tinted and Shaded, desc. [184]
• Trammels, desc. and illus. [125]
• Trapezium, def. [48]
• Trapezoid, def. [48]
• Trestles, Drawing-Board, desc. and illus. [110]
• Triangle, def. [50]
• To Describe a Circle about a [93]
• Triangle, or Set-Square, desc. and illus. [114]
• How to Use desc. [147], illus. [166]
• Triangles, illus. [102]
• To Construct [92]
• Trigonometry, principles and def. [98]
• Trisect, def. [50]
• Trundle Wheel desc. [201], illus. [208]
• Two-foot Rule, illus. [128]
• U. S. Standards, Pipes [279]
• Upright Lines, How to Draw [61]
• Useful Tables for Draughtsmen [269]-[280]
• Valve, Blow-off desc. [174], illus. [175]
• Valve Gear, or Link Motion, illus. [225]
• Vanishing Point, def. and illus. [251]
• In Drawing, illus. [250]
• In Perspective Drawing [252]
• Varnish, Shellac, for Drawings [241]
• Versed Sine of an Arc [99]
• Vertex, def. [51]
• Of an Angle, def. [42]
• Vertical, def. [51], [251]
• Vertical Lines, in Perspective [257]
• Vertical-Plane, def. [249]
• View, def. [51]
• Visual Ray in Perspective Drawing [256]
• Visual Rays of Light desc. [252], illus. [255]
• Vulcanite, Section-Lining, illus. [182]
• Water Reflection in Perspective Drawing, illus. [246]
• Wheel, Bevel, A, illus. [203]
• Crown, illus. [208]
• Helical, A, illus. [207]
• Hub, Section-Lining, illus. [184]
• Internal Gear, desc. [201], [207]
• Miter, A, illus. [204]
• Proportions of the Teeth of a [210]
• Spur illus. [198], desc. [199], [201]
• Worm, desc. [201]
• Wood, Section-Lining, illus. [182]
• Working Drawing, Bending Machine [220-1]
• Def. [51]
• Illus. [218], [220], [221], [222], [223], [224], [225], [226], [228]
• Bumping Post, illus. [226]
• Points, etc. [243]
• Power Punching Press [222]
• Numbering a, Office Rules for [195]
• To Read a [229]
• Working Drawings, desc. [219], [227]
• Worm-Gear, desc. [206]
• Worm-Wheel desc. [201], illus. [206]
• Speed of a [216]
• Wrench, illus. [75]
• Wrist-Lines, illus. [64]
• Wrought-Iron, Section-Lining, illus. [182]

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Transcriber’s Notes

Inconsistent and unusual spelling, capitalisation and hyphenation have been retained, unless mentioned below. The discrepancies between the General List of Contents and the structure of the text have not been corrected.

Depending on the hard- and software used to read this text and their settings, not all elements may display as intended. Where scales are given for illustrations, these can, of course, not be relied upon for measurements.