Pelts and palisades: The story of fur and the rivalry for pelts in early America

by Nathaniel C. Hale

• B
• Babylon, [2]
• Bacon, Nathaniel, [195]
• Bagnall, Walter, [104], [105]
• Baltic Sea, [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [45]
• Baltimore, Lord, (first) see [George Calvert];
• (second) see [Cecilius Calvert]
• Barbadian brandy, [195]
• Barbados, [196]
• Barbary pirates, [57]
• Barrington, Rhode Island, [171]
• Basque, [25], [37], [39]
• Battery, [140]
• Bay of Biscay, [38]
• Bay Colony, [166], [183]
• Bay of Fundy, [37], [39], [55], [62], [82], [83], [84], [86], [107], [108], [109], [111]
• Bay of the Narragansetts, [172]
• Bay of Santa Maria, [28]
• Beaver Road Fort, [160]
• Bergen, [22]
• Berkeley, Sir William (Governor of Virginia), [193], [195]
• Beverwyck, [177], [179]
• Biard, Father Pierre, [85], [86]
• Biloxi Bay (Mississippi), [192]
• Black Sea, [4], [9], [14]
• Block, Capt. Adrien, [78], [166]
• Block Island, [171]
• Blommaert, Samuel, [141], [147], [148]
• Blue Ridge Mountains, [74], [194]
• Boone, Daniel, [199]
• Borgia, Lucretia, [14]
• Bosphorus, [4]
• Boston (Massachusetts), [78], [98], [156], [168], [171], [173], [176], [180], [183], [189]
• Boston Bay, [98], [99], [101]
• Boston Harbor, [95]
• Braddock, General Edward, [202]
• Bradford, Governor William, [91], [93], [96], [102], [105], [106]
• Brazil, [25]
• Bremen
• Canon Adam of, [10], [22]
• Councillors of, [10]
• Bretons, [25], [37]
• Bristol, [24], [25], [184], [200]
• Britain, [33], [196]
• British Empire, [59], [201]
• Brouage, Bay of Biscay, [38]
• Browne, Richard, [33]
• Bruges (Flanders), [12], [14]
• Brule, Etienne, [76], [77]
• Bry, Theodore de, [53]
• Burgesses, House of, [118], [125], [127]
• Butler, John, [130]
• Buzzard’s Bay, [55], [87]
• Byrd, William, [195]
• Byzantium, [4], [9]

• C
• Cabot, John, [24], [25], [27], [37]
• Cadillac, Antoine de la Mothe, [193]
• Cahokia, [193]
• Calvert, Cecilius (second Lord Baltimore), [127], [128], [132], [133], [134], [183]
• Calvert, George (first Lord Baltimore), [108], [114], [115], [119], [123], [124], [125], [127], [129]
• Calvert, Leonard, [127], [128], [130], [131], [132], [133]
• Canada, [30], [31], [33], [34], [39], [42], [43], [61], [73], [75], [76], [77], [83], [104], [114], [126], [128], [129], [133], [188], [193], [201], [203]
• Cape Breton, [24], [32], [33], [39]
• Cape Cod, [17], [18], [28], [39], [55], [69], [78], [87], [88], [89], [93], [95], [111], [175], [181]
• Cape Elizabeth, [104]
• Cape Fear, [24], [37], [186]
• Cape of Good Hope, [14]
• Cape Hatteras, [34], [52]
• Cape Henlopen, [141], [142], [152]
• Cape May, [89], [142], [153]
• Cape Sable, [108], [109], [111]
• Carantouan, [76], [77]
• Cardinal de Richelieu, [109]
• Caribbean Sea, [29], [33], [38], [52]
• Carolina, [74], [186], [193], [194], [195], [196]
• Carr, Sir Robert, [185]
• Cartier, Jacques, [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [39]
• Casco Bay, [98]
• Caspian Sea, [4], [9]
• Castine, Maine, [103]
• Catawba Indians, [74]
• Cathay, [4], [6], [15], [24], [28], [29], [30], [38], [44], [48], [49], [54], [58], [63]
• Catholic, [47], [82], [85], [114], [115], [124], [148], [159], [187]
• Cavelier, Robert (Sieur de la Salle), [190], [191], [192], [197]
• Cayuga Indians, [74]
• Champlain, Samuel de. See [Chapter IV], pp. [37]-[43], [55], [56], [74], [75], [77], [107], [108], [109], [110], [187]
• Channing, Edward, [91]
• Charles I, [110], [114], [124], [125], [126], [180]
• Charles II, [124], [184]
• Charles of Spain, [27]
• Charleston, [196]
• Charles Towne, [195]
• Chattahoochee River, [196]
• Chaucer, [13]
• Cherokee Indians, [194], [195]
• Chesapeake Area, [29], [54], [62], [65], [120]
• Chesapeake Bay, [20], [27], [28], [52], [53], [55], [56], [59], [61], [65], [69], [74], [76], [77], [89]
• Chew, John, [120]
• Chickasaw Indians, [196]
• China, [16], [27], [28], [39], [43], [67], [68], [72], [186]
• Choctaw Indians, [196]
• Chouart, Medard, Sieur des Grosseilliers, [188]
• Christiansen, Hendrick, [73]
• Christina River, [79]
• Church, The, [5], [11], [16]
• Claiborne, William, [119]-[123], [124], [125], [126], [127], [128], [129], [130], [131], [132], [133]
• Cloberry, William, [119], [125], [126], [165]
• Cockatrice (wherry), [131]
• Codfish Land, [25], [26], [29]
• Colchis, [3]
• Columbus, Christopher, [17], [23], [24]
• Commissioners of the United Colonies, [170], [181]
• Company of Cathay, [49]
• Company of London, [165]
• Company of New France, [109], [110]
• Connecticut, [170], [171], [172]
• Connecticut Path, [167], [169]
• Connecticut River, [40], [66], [74], [78], [87], [113], [137], [165], [166], [167], [168], [169], [172], [180], [182], [184]
• Constantinople, [14]
• Cooper, Thomas, [170]
• Cornwallis, Capt. Thomas, [131]
• Corssen, Arendt, [144], [153], [160]
• Council of Foreign Plantations, [184]
• Coureurs des bois, [191], [193], [197], [201]
• Cox, William, [157]
• Cree Indians, [188]
• Creek Indians, [196]
• Cresap, Thomas, [200], [201]
• “Croatan,” [54]
• Croghan, George, [199], [200], [201]
• Cromwell, Oliver, [180], [184]
• Navigation Act of, [182]
• Croshaw, Raleigh, [118], [120]
• Crown Point, [202], [203]
• Crusades, [5], [10]
• Cugley, Daniel, [120]
• Curler, Jacob van, [167]
• Curran, Barney, [199]
• Cushenoc, [103], [105]

• D
• Dacotah Indians, [187]
• Damariscotta River, [104]
• Danes, [12]
• Dare, Virginia, [54]
• Dark Ages, [5], [13]
• Darkness, Region of, [8], [9]
• Dartmouth, England, [72]
• D’Aunay, Charles, [111], [112]
• Davis, Capt. John, [54]
• Debedeavon, [120]
• De Bry, Theodore, [53]
• De Champlain. See [Champlain]
• De Ferrara, Alfonso, [14]
• DeGuercheville, Madame, [85], [86]
• Delaware, [150]
• Delaware Bay, [78], [89], [138], [141], [183]
• Delaware Indians, [198]
• Delaware River, [20], [66], [69], [74], [77], [79], [113], [116], [117], [127], [134], [137], [138], [139], [140], [144], [145], [148], [149], [152], [153], [156], [157], [158], [165], [183], [184], [185]
• De Monts, [39], [41], [84]
• Department of Commerce, [viii]
• De Razilly, [110], [111]
• Dermer, Capt. Thomas, [88], [89], [95], [116]
• De Roberval, [32]
• Des Grosseilliers, [188]
• De Tonti, Henri, [191]
• Detroit, [193]
• De Vries. See [Vries]
• D’Iberville, Pierre le Moyne, [192]
• Dieppe, [32]
• Digby, [83]
• Dinwiddie, Governor, [201], [202]
• Dneiper, [9]
• Donnacona, [30], [31], [52]
• Dove (pinnace), [128]
• Drake, Francis, [48]
• Dublin, [199]
• Duck Creek, [149]
• Dupont-Grave, [38], [39], [40], [86]
• Dutch. See Chapters [VII], [XIII], [XV] and pages [12], [13], [36], [41], [45], [66], [82], [86], [87], [88], [89], [92], [102], [104], [116], [117], [119], [120], [134], [147], [148], [149], [150], [151], [152], [153], [154], [155], [156], [157], [158], [159], [160], [161], [162], [163], [180], [181], [182], [183], [184], [185], [186], [187], [197]
• Dutch East India Company, [67], [72], [79], [80]
• Dutchmen’s Island, [174]
• Dutch West India Company, [80], [90], [135], [136], [137], [140], [141], [147], [149], [150], [151], [152], [162], [165], [175], [176], [177]
• DuQuesne, [202]
• Dvina, [9]

• E
• East India Company, [67], [72], [79], [80]
• East Indies, [15], [80]
• Eastern Shore, [115], [116], [120], [126], [131], [195]
• Edward III, [46]
• Eelkens, Jacob, [165], [166]
• Egypt, [2], [60]
• Elbe, [10]
• “El Dorado,” [53], [63], [83]
• Elizabeth I, [47], [48], [49]
• Elizabeth City, [120]
• Elizabethan occupation theory, [79], [145], [164]
• Endicott, Capt. John, [101], [171]
• England, [11], [12], [13], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [37], [Chapter V], [58], [62], [63], [64], [72], [79], [83], [88], [91], [92], [93], [94], [95], [96], [101], [103], [105], [106], [110], [112], [114], [117], [125], [127], [130], [132], [133], [136], [140], [145], [161], [163], [165], [169], [174], [180], [182], [183], [184], [186], [187], [189], [196], [198], [200], [202]
• English, [12], [24], [36], [37], [39], [41], [43], [45], [46], [48], [50], [53], [54], [55], [59], [62], [63], [65], [67], [76], [78], [79], [80], [81], [82], [83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [89], [90], [91], [92], [93], [94], [95], [97], [98], [101], [102], [104], [107], [108], [109], [110], [111], [112], [113], [115], [117], [118], [119], [122], [123], [124], [135], [136], [139], [143], [144], [145], [146], [149], [150], [152], [153], [154], [155], [157], [161], [163], [164], [165], [166], [167], [168], [171], [172], [173], [174], [175], [176], Chapter [XVI], [186], [187], [189], [190], [191], [193], [194], [196], [198], [199], [200], [201], [202], [203]
• Eratosthenes, [16]
• Ericson, Leif, [17], [18], [19], [21], [22]
• Eric the Red (Eric Thorvaldson), [17], [21]
• Ericson, Thorvald, [18]
• Erie, [201]
• Eriwoneck, [145]
• Eskimos, [22], [49]
• Ethiopians, [2], [4]
• Europe, vii, [5], [6], [9], [12], [13], [16], [23], [25], [51], [70], [72], [141], [149], [197], [202]
• Euxine Sea, [3]
• Evelin, George, [133]

• F
• Fairfield, [172]
• Ferrara, Alfonso de, [14]
• Fendall, Governor, [183]
• Fenwick, Cuthbert, [131]
• Ferryland, [108], [114]
• Finland, [26]
• Finns, [152]
• Five Nations, [41], [42], [43], [61], [74], [75], [76], [77], [129], [191], [197]
• Flanders, [5], [11], [12]
• Flatey Book, [21]
• Fleet, Henry, [118], [119], [128], [129], [130]
• Florida, [27], [29], [33], [52], [82], [124], [194], [203]
• Forbes, General John, [202]
• Forked River, [189], [190]
• Fort Albany, [186]
• Fort Amstel, [163]
• Fort Amsterdam, [140], [141], [143], [144], [145], [146], [149], [156], [157], [176], [184], [185]
• Fort Beversrede, [160]
• Fort Casimir, [161], [162]
• Fort Chartres, [192]
• Fort Christina, [149], [150], [151], [152], [154], [155], [160], [162], [163]
• Fort Conquest, [133]
• Fort Crevecouer, [191]
• Fort DuQuesne, [202], [203]
• Fort Elfsborg, [155], [156], [161]
• Fort Frontenac, [190], [203]
• Fort Good Hope, [137], [166], [167], [168], [181]
• Fort d’Huiller, [193]
• Fort Korsholm, [159], [161]
• Fort Nassau, [73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [137], [138], [141], [143], [144], [145], [146], [149], [152], [155], [156], [160], [161]
• Fort Necessity, [202]
• Fort New Gothenborg, [155]
• Fort Onondaga, [76]
• Fort Orange, [137], [163], [165], [166], [176], [177], [179], [180], [183], [185], [186]
• Fort Orleans, [193]
• Fort Pitt, [203]
• Fort Rosalie, [192]
• Fort St. Antoine, [192]
• Fort St. George, [84]
• Fort Saybrook, [168], [172], [173]
• Fort Trinity, [163]
• Fortune (ship), [95]
• France, [11], [13], [14], [23], [28], [30], [31], [33], [39], [40], [52], [79], [82], [84], [86], [107], [108], [110], [111], [163], [191], [192], [193], [198], [199], [203]
• Francis I, [27], [29], [31], [47], [48]
• Fraser, John, [199], [201]
• French Canada, [35], [61], [83], [175], [185], [186]
• French Creek, [201]
• French, [28], [29], [31], [34], [37], [38], [40], [41], [42], [43], [48], [54], [55], [62], [68], [69], [72], [74], [75], [76], [77], [80], [82], [83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [88], [89], [94], [95], [101], [104], [106], [107], [109], [110], [111], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120], [126], [134], [137], [145], [147], [173], [186], [187], [188], [189], [190], [191], [192], [193], [196], [197], [198], [199], [200], [201] passim, [202], [203]
• French and Indian War, [vii], [viii], [187], [202]
• Freydis, [17], [21]
• Frobisher, Martin, [48], [49]
• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, [170]

• G
• Gaspe, [39]
• Genoa, [6], [14]
• German, [5], [9], [10], [11], [12], [193]
• Gibbons, Ambrose, [104]
• Gilbert, Bartholomew, [54]
• Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, [49], [50], [51], [54]
• Gilbert, Sir John, [51]
• Girling, Captain, [112]
• Gloucester, New Jersey, [137]
• Godfrey of Bouillon, [10]
• Godyn, Samuel, [141]
• Golden Fleece, [2], [3], [4], [188]
• Gomez, Captain Estevan, [69]
• Gondomar, Ambassador, [124]
• Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, [83], [84], [88], [93], [98], [99], [104]
• Gorges, Capt. Robert, [99]
• Gosnold, Bartholomew, [55], [69], [83]
• Gothenburg, [148]
• Gothland, [11]
• Grave, Francois (Sieur duPont), [38], [39], [40]
• Great Lakes, [68], [74], [190]
• Great Meadows, [202]
• Greece, [3], [4]
• Greek, [2], [4], [13], [17], [188]
• Green Bay, [187]
• Greenland, [17], [18], [19], [21], [22], [23], [24]
• Greenwich (Connecticut), [126], [173], [181], [182]
• Grenville, Sir Richard, [53]
• Gripen (ship), [148], [150], [151]
• Grosseilliers, Sieur des, [188]
• Gudrid, [17], [19]
• Guercheville, Madame de, [85], [86]
• Guiana, [54], [92]
• Gulf of Mexico, [190], [191], [192], [193], [196]
• Gulf of St. Lawrence, [28], [29], [37], [50], [108], [109], [190]
• Gustavus Adolphus, [146]

• H
• Hakluyt, Richard, [33], [37]
• Half Moon (ship), [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72]
• Hampton, Virginia, [120]
• Hansa, [11], [12]
• Hanseatic League, [11], [12], [22]
• Hariot, Thomas, [53]
• Harmar, Charles, [120], [128], [129]
• Harrisburg, [199]
• Harris Ferry, [199]
• Hartford, [137], [166], [168], [170], [181], [182], [183]
• Harvey, Sir John (Governor of Virginia), [130], [132], [144], [145]
• Hatteras, [34], [52]
• Hauk’s Book, [20]
• Havre, [32]
• Hawkins, John, [33], [48]
• Hawley, Jerome, [132]
• Hendricksen, Cornelis, [78], [79], [89]
• Henry IV, [38]
• Henry VIII, [46], [47]
• Heyn, Admiral Peter, [135]
• Hindustan, [5]
• Hochelaga, [30]
• Holland, [12], [13], [72], [73], [75], [78], [79], [80], [81], [92], [93], [135], [136], [138], [140], [142], [143], [148], [151], [156], [159], [160], [161], [163], [165], [177], [178], [179], [182]
• Hollanders, [39], [77], [78], [87], [89], [136], [138], [144], [146], [147], [151], [152], [158], [160], [162], [163], [164], [165], [166], [168], [174], [175], [176], [181], [182]
• Holmes, Capt. William, [168]
• Holmes, George, [146]
• Hoorn, [73], [77], [116]
• Hopkins, Governor Edward, [170]
• Horne (Hoorn), [116]
• Hudde, Andries, [159]
• Hudson Bay, [22], [188], [189]
• Hudson’s Bay Company, [189], [193]
• Hudson, Capt. Henry, [40], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72], [73], [77], [78], [79], [88], [102], [164]
• Hudson River, [20], [27], [28], [66], [70], [72], [73], [74], [75], [77], [78], [81], [86], [93], [102], [113], [116], [117], [137], [138], [165], [166], [173], [175], [176], [177], [178], [180], [181], [183], [184], [186], [197]
• Huguenots, [82], [85]
• Hunt, Captain, [95]
• Huron Indians, [33], [41], [42], [74], [76], [77]
• Huygen, Hendrick, [150], [152], [158]

• I
• Iberville, Pierre le Moyne d’, [192]
• Ibn-Batootah, [7], [8]
• Iceland, [17], [24]
• Illinois, [203]
• Illinois Indians, [191], [192], [197]
• Illinois River, [193]
• India, [2], [7], [14], [16], [24], [63]
• Indian, [110], [123], [124], [129], [134], [142], [150], [158], [168], [172], [174], [176], [183], [196], [200], [201], [203]
• corn, viii, [28], [35], [48], [69], [75], [94], [96]
• league, [176]
• policy, [198]
• trade, [126], [128], [148], [153], [154], [156], [157], [169], [174], [177], [180], [184], [193], [194], [200]
• village, [131], [169], [174], [195]
• Indian Ocean, [5], [27], [50], [52], [53]
• Indians, vii, [25], [29], [30], [32], [33], [35], [53], [54], [55], [58], [59], [60], [63], [64], [68], [69], [70], [71], [73], [75], [77], [79], [80], [84], [85], [87], [89], [94], [97], [100], [102], [105], [109], [115], [117], [119], [128], [129], [130], [133], [136], [137], [139], [143], [148], [149], [150], [152], [153], [154], [158], [159], [160], [161], [165], [167], [169], [170], [171], [172], [173], [175], [180], [181], [188], [191], [196], [197], [198], [199], [200]
• customs of, [121]-[122]
• Indian Sea, [83]
• Indies, [16]
• Ingram, David, [33]
• Ireland, [17], [72]
• Iroquois Confederacy, [73]
• Iroquois Indians, [30], [33], [34], [39], [40], [41], [42], [61], [73], [74], [75], [77], [80], [107], [123], [128], [129], [137], [138], [139], [170], [175], [176], [177], [178], [180], [181], [182], [184], [187], [190], [191], [192], [193], [197], [198]
• customs of, [74]
• Islam, [5]
• Italy, [6], [14]
• Italian merchants, [5], [6], [14]
• Ivan the Terrible, [12], [44], [45]

• J
• James I, [54], [58], [83], [86], [108], [164]
• James Bay, [189]
• James, Duke of York, [184], [186]
• James River, [20], [28], [29], [59], [82], [83], [85], [87], [89], [115], [116], [118], [120], [124], [125], [195], [196]
• Jamestown, [57], [58], [60], [62], [69], [82], [89], [115], [116], [117], [118], [127], [143], [144], [150], [195]
• Jansen, Commissary Jan, [146], [149], [150], [154], [156], [159]
• Japazaws, [118]
• Jason, [2], [3], [4] passim, [188]
• Jesuit priests, [29], [85], [190], [191]
• Johnson, Dr. Amandus, [151], [157]
• Joliet, Louis, [190]
• Julin, [10]
• Juno, [3]

• K
• Kalmar Nyckel (ship), [148], [150], [151]
• Karlsefni, Thorfinn, [17], [19], [20], [21], [69]
• Kaskaskia, [193]
• Kecoughtan, [115], [120], [126], [146]
• Kennebec River, [83], [87], [98], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [145]
• Kent Hundred, [127]
• Kent Island, [126], [127], [128], [130], [131], [132], [133], [134]
• Kent Islanders, [128], [130], [131]
• Kentucky, [199], [203]
• Khan, Kublai, the Great, [6], [7], [13]
• Kieft, Governor William, [150], [175]
• King George’s War, [198], [199], [200]
• Kirke brothers, [109], [126], [128]
• “Kleynties,” [76]
• Kling, Lieutenant Mans, [150], [156]
• Knight, Capt. John, [54]
• Kublai Khan, [6], [7], [13]