The Pleistocene of North America / and its vertebrated animals from the states east of the Mississippi River and from the Canadian provinces east of longitude 95°

by Oliver Perry Hay

13. New Berlin, Stark County.—At Heidelberg University, Tiffin, Ohio, the writer has seen a well-preserved specimen of an upper second true molar of Elephas primigenius found near New Berlin. There were counted 16 ridge-plates, of which 11 are in a 100–mm. line.

From Rev. J. P. Stahl, Alliance, Ohio, the writer has learned that this tooth was found about a mile south of New Berlin, in a small gravel hill along the Canton and New Berlin highway. The gravel was being removed to make a road-bed. New Berlin is on the Grand River moraine and the elephant belongs therefore to the Late Wisconsin stage.

14. Amboy, Ashtabula County.—In the Buffalo, New York, Natural History Society, the writer examined a tooth of Elephas primigenius, discovered at this place. It is the front half of the right upper hindermost molar. There are nine ridge-plates in a 100–mm. line. At the same place, and probably under the same geological conditions, were found teeth of Elephas columbi. These conditions will be described on page [329].

15. See page [135].

MICHIGAN.

(Map [11].)

1. Three Oaks, Berrien County.—Mr. C. K. Warren, of Three Oaks, has in his possession the upper and lower last molars, right and left, of an elephant which appears to have been found somewhere in the neighborhood of Three Oaks. These are large teeth and seem to the writer to belong to E. primigenius. The left upper tooth is 300 mm. long and 100 mm. wide. There are 22 plates. The tooth is worn back to the fourteenth plate, 170 mm. high. There are only seven plates in a 100–mm. line, but it must be taken into account that the tooth is a large one for the species. The plates are parallel with one another and the base of the tooth is straight. The enamel is thin.

One of the lower teeth has a length of 342 mm. The height at the first unworn plate, about the fourteenth, is 135 mm. On the outer face there are six plates in a 100–mm. line.

Not knowing exactly where these teeth were found or at what depth, not much can be said regarding them. However, the region about Three Oaks is occupied by Wisconsin drift and the animal quite certainly lived during the Late Wisconsin stage.

As shown by the map of mastodons in Michigan (map [8]), at least three specimens of the American mastodon have been found in this county. It is extremely probable that the two species lived together.