(Map [14].)
1. Charleston, Charleston County.—A number of teeth of Elephas imperator have been seen by the writer in the collections made in the vicinity of Charleston.
No. 13557 of the Charleston Museum is a right ramus of the lower jaw containing the hindermost molar. Sixteen plates are counted, but it is probable that about two are missing from the front. There is no indication that there was another tooth behind it. The exact locality of discovery is not known. In the Frost collection is a part (8 plates) of a lower right last molar, which must be referred to this species. Seen on the inner face are only four ridge-plates in a 100–mm. line. In the collection of Rev. Robert Wilson is a fragment of a molar of E. imperator. The four plates present occupy 100 mm. of the length of the tooth.
2. Head of Cooper River, Berkeley County.—Richard Harlan (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. III, 1823, p. 66, plate V, fig. 2; Med. Phys. Res., p. 359, plate, fig. 2) described briefly and figured an elephant tooth found in constructing the Santee Canal, probably in Biggin Swamp, where the remains of Mammut americanum and Elephas columbi were discovered. The tooth was a large one, the greatest diagonal length being 14.5 inches (368 mm.). It had been worn back quite to the rear, the trituration having affected 15 ridge-plates. This worn face measured 9 inches (228 mm.). Harlan stated that on this grinding-face 5 inches was occupied by 6 enamel plates and 7 plates of cement. An estimate shows that a 100–mm. line would cross 5 of the ridge-plates. Had this tooth possessed the number (24) of ridge-plates usually found in E. columbi, its length would have been 20 inches or more.
FLORIDA.
1. Dunnellon, Marion County.—In the collection of the Florida Geological Survey (Nos. 2233, 2234) are two fragments of teeth of an elephant dredged from Withlacoochee River at Dunnellon, presented by Mr. F. J. Titcomb. The teeth are regarded by the writer as being lower last molars, although the plates run nearly directly across the grinding-surfaces. They may belong to one individual. No. 2233 presents six plates; five of these occupy a line 100 mm. in length. They are much bent as they ascend, so that their hinder faces are very concave. The enamel is moderately thick.
The tooth (No. 2234) has been figured by Dr. Sellards of the natural size (8th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv., p. 85, fig. 12). As shown by that figure, the ridge-plates of the rear portion have a thickness of 25 mm. or even more. Taken all together there are hardly 5 in 100 mm. If that tooth had belonged to Elephas columbi and had had 24 plates, the length would have been about 25 inches, which is hardly to be supposed.
2. Vero, St. Lucie County.—In the eighth Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Florida, Dr. E. H. Sellards described and figured (p. 150, plate XXV, fig. 1) a lower jaw of an elephant which had been found near Vero. He referred it to Elephas columbi, but noted the coarseness of the plates and its resemblance to E. imperator. The specimen was found 3 miles west of Vero, along the bank of the drainage canal. It was embedded in a matrix of brown sand, a stratum of which rests on the marine shell-marl which underlies that region. It is evident that a number of plates are missing from the front and that the tooth is the hindermost one. If the jaw had belonged to E. columbi with 24 plates, the length of the teeth would have been about 440 mm. In case the tooth is that of E. imperator, there were probably about six more plates in front originally and the tooth had a length of about 330 mm. The width appears to be about 90 mm. In the collection at Amherst College is a fragment of a lower right molar, probably the hindermost, of this species. Six plates are represented. It is well worn down, with a very concave grinding-surface. The plates are close to 25 mm. thick. The exact place where the tooth was found is not mentioned on the label, but it was somewhere about Vero.
3. Labelle, Lee County.—In the report just cited (p. 112, fig. 46), Sellards described briefly and illustrated a tooth he secured in Caloosahatchee River in 1914. Notes taken by the writer are to the effect that it was found on the north bank of the river, at the first bend above Labelle, probably in Lee County and in township 43 south, range 29 east.