4. Pakenham, Lanark County.—This locality is about 42 miles north-northwest from Welshe’s, where the whale remains just discussed were found. At Pakenham, in 1906, there were discovered bones, including a nearly perfect skull, of a white whale. The discovery was reported in 1906 and 1907 by Dr. J. F. Whiteaves (Summ. Rep. Geol. Surv. Can. for 1908, p. 171; Ottawa Naturalist, vol. XX, pp. 214–216). The remains were found by a well-digger on a farm (lot 21, 11th concession), and were embedded in blue clay at a depth of 14 feet. Immediately about the bones was a mixture of clay and shells. The animal has been referred to Delphinapterus leucas. As one of the ear-bones was secured, the determination of the species would appear to be possible. According to Perkins, the ear-bone in the type of D. vermontanus differs from that of the existing white whale, D. leucas. The writer is unable to say more than that the whale found at Pakenham belongs to the Late Wisconsin.
5. Cornwall, Stormont County.—In 1870 (Canad. Naturalist and Quart. Jour. Sci., vol. V, pp. 438–439), E. Billings gave an account of the discovery of remains of a white whale at Cornwall. Considerable parts of the skull were secured, including the lower jaws. Besides many vertebræ and some other parts, 8 teeth were saved, but the ear-bones were missing. The animal had been about 15 feet long. Whether it belonged to Delphinapterus leucas or D. vermontanus may be regarded as doubtful. Extracts from Billings’s description are to be found in Professor Perkins’s paper (Rep. State Geologist Vermont, 1907–8, pp. 81–82).
6. Williamstown, Glengarry County.—This place is about 10 miles northeast of Cornwall. In Professor Perkins’s paper just cited it is stated that Edward Ardley, assistant curator at Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, had found here a few bones of a white whale, the hyoid, a few phalanges, and rib fragments. It is impossible from such limited materials to determine whether the animal was Delphinapterus vermontanus or D. leucas. From Mr. Ardley, through Mr. Arthur Willey, curator of Redpath Museum, the present writer has learned that these bones were dug up from a depth of 14 feet, in a well sunken in the Leda clay. Under the surface soil was a band of sandy clay containing shells of Saxicava and Mya. Beneath this was a stiff blue clay showing stratification and containing shells of Leda.
QUEBEC.
7. Montreal.—In 1863 (Rep. Geol. Surv. Canada, p. 919), W. E. Logan announced the finding of some bones of a whale at the Mile-End quarries, Montreal, on a slight ridge, “where are found stratified sand and gravel holding boulders and shells in the lower part.” In corresponding clays in a neighboring brickyard was found a pelvis of a seal, Phoca grœndlandica. In 1895 (Canad. Rec. Sci., vol. VI, p. 351), Dr. J. W. Dawson reported the discovery of a nearly complete skeleton of another white whale at Montreal. This was found in brick clay, near Papineau Road. The locality is said by Dawson to be about 100 feet above the St. Lawrence; the bones were in the clay at a depth of 22 feet. The clay itself was probably deposited at a depth of 50 to 80 fathoms. This is said by Dawson to correspond approximately with a well-marked shore-line at Montreal, found at a height of about 470 feet above the sea and with the old sea-beach at Smith’s Falls as related on page [17]. In 1916, Mr. Edward Ardley, assistant curator of Redpath Museum, reported (Canad. Rec. Sci., vol. IX, pp. 490–493) the discovery of a large part of the skeleton of a white whale, supposed to belong to Delphinapterus leucas, at Montreal East. The skeleton was buried in Leda clay about 15 feet above St. Lawrence River. It was 10.5 feet long. The cranium and lower jaw were secured, besides parts of the trunk and limbs.
8. Rivière du Loup, Temiscouata County.—In his work, “Canadian Ice Age,” 1894, on page 268, Dr. J. W. Dawson reported that bones of Beluga catodon (Delphinapterus leucas) had been found at the place mentioned. It is not probable that parts sufficient for making a definite determination were secured, nor did Dawson give any details regarding the geological conditions connected with the discovery. Doubtless the remains were found in marine deposits of one of the terraces.
9. Metis, Rimouski County.—In the work just cited (p. [269]), Dawson stated that in the summer of 1891 he secured a large jawbone of a whale which had been found in digging a cellar in the shelly marl of the lower terrace at Metis. He did not identify the species, but appears to imply that it belonged to either the “humpback” (Megaptera boöps) or to one of the finner whales (Balænoptera).
NEW BRUNSWICK.
10. Jaquet River, Restigouche County.—In 1874 (Trans. Nova Scotia Inst. Sci., vol. III, pp. 400–404), Dr. J. B. Gilpin gave an account of the discovery of some cetacean bones in a railroad cut at the place named, but did not identify the bones otherwise than as those of a small cetacean. In the same year (Amer. Jour. Sci., ser. 3, vol. VII, p. 597), in a short, unsigned communication, this discovery was mentioned and the whale was identified as Beluga vermontana. In volume VIII of the same journal (1874, p. 219), Dr. D. Honeyman described the deposit and gave a list of the shells found in it. Dawson (Canad. Ice Age, p. 268) refers the bones to Beluga catodon. The locality is a cut of the International Railway, on the north side of the Jaquet River, about 0.25 mile from the sea. Gilpin gives the elevation as 40 feet above the sea; the writer of the unsigned communication just mentioned gives it as 25 feet.
Professor G. H. Perkins (Rep. State Geologist Vermont, 1907–8, pp. 102–112) studied the bones described by Gilpin. They consisted of 18 vertebræ, some fragments of the skull, one of the ear-bones, a part of the lower jaw, some fragments of ribs, and some arm-bones. He identified the animal as belonging to the genus Monodon and probably M. monoceros, the existing narwhal.