1. Swedesboro, Gloucester County.—In 1868 (Cook’s Geol. New Jersey, p. 741), Cope stated that Equus complicatus was represented in New Jersey by a series of teeth obtained while a mill-dam at Swedesboro was being cleared. No further information has been secured. At the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the writer has seen a horse-tooth labeled as coming from the town named; but whether or not it is one of those referred to by Cope it is impossible to say.
2. Fish House, Camden, Camden County.—In 1869 (Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. XIV, p. 250, fig. 55), Cope wrote that a partial skull of Equus fraternus had been found at Fish House in a blackish clay at a depth of 20 feet from the top of the clay. Over the clay was imposed a bed of sand from 8 to 15 feet thick. This important skull appears to have been lost (fig. 7).
In 1897 (Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. New Jersey for 1896, p. 208, plate X), Lewis Woolman described other remains of horses supposed to belong to Equus complicatus, secured in the same Fish House clays. The writer has seen these and regards them as belonging to the species just named. These remains of horses will be mentioned on pages [302]–[303].
3. Navesink Hills, Monmouth County.—Somewhere in the northeastern part of Monmouth County, in the region of the Navesink (or Neversink) Hills, have been found remains of a fossil horse. They were first mentioned by S. L. Mitchill (Cat. Organ. Remains, 1826, pp. 7, 8). He mentioned a cervical vertebra and teeth in sound condition. Leidy (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. VII, p. 261) wrote that a vertebra and teeth were associated with remains of a mastodon. Mitchill mentions only a part of a tibia of a mastodon. These objects were all presented by Mitchill to the Lyceum of Natural History in New York. The writer believes these teeth had been buried in an early Pleistocene deposit.
PENNSYLVANIA.
(Map [17].)
1. Pittston, Luzerne County.—In the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia are 2 horse-teeth found at or near Pittston. They were described and figured by Leidy in 1873 (Monograph U. S. Geol. Surv., I, pp. 245–246, plate XXXIII, figs. 16, 17) as E. major (=E. complicatus). He stated they were found on the banks of the Susquehanna River, associated with remains of mastodons and Bison latifrons. The last was, however, a species of Symbos. In 1869 (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. VII, p. 262), Leidy stated that it was reported these remains had come from a stratum “full of bones.” This stratum belonged probably to an early or middle Pleistocene interglacial stage.
2. Stroudsburg, Monroe County.—In 1889 (Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Pennsylvania for 1887, p. 6), Leidy reported the finding of “a pair of teeth of a horse, which were yet incompletely developed,” in Hartman’s Cave, near the town mentioned. He thought they belonged to an indigenous species. The position of the cave, its fossils, and their age will be considered in discussing the Pleistocene geology of the State on pages [308] to [311].
3. Port Kennedy, Montgomery County.—As long ago as 1871 (Amer. Jour. Sci., ser. 3, vol. I, pp. 235, 384), Wheatley announced the discovery of 2 unidentified species of horses in the great bone cave at the place named. They were associated with the remains of 40 other species of vertebrates, besides many insects. In 1899 (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., ser. 2, vol. II, pp. 193–267, plates XVIII-XXI), Cope described the materials collected up to that time from the same cave. Of horses he recorded 2 forms, which he named Equus fraternus fraternus and E. fraternus pectinatus. He was inclined to believe the latter would prove to be a distinct species. It is not certain whether this conclusion was correct; but if not a species, it is probably a subspecies of Equus complicatus. The teeth referred to E. fraternus fraternus are pretty certainly those of E. complicatus. Of this species Cope had a decayed skull of a young animal with teeth, besides a considerable number of other teeth and some bones of the skeleton. The geological relations of these remains and those of the other species will be discussed on pages [311] to [320].
4. Rutherford, Dauphin County.—In 1868 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1868, p. 195), Leidy described a horse-tooth, loaned him by Mr. W. Lorenz and found somewhere between Rutherford and Highspire. It was met in a depression 6 feet deep and 20 feet across, filled with diluvium. Leidy thought the tooth might have belonged to a contemporary of the mastodon, but this was equally improbable. All the cement was dissolved from the tooth, and the latter was stained by iron, but not petrified. It was an upper second true molar. It has probably suffered the fate of such specimens as are retained in private hands.