The Pleistocene of North America / and its vertebrated animals from the states east of the Mississippi River and from the Canadian provinces east of longitude 95°

by Oliver Perry Hay

Mammals.

1.	Rocky Mound, Nash Co., Sunderland. Mastodon.
2.	Tarboro, Edgecombe Co., Wicomico. Mastodon.
3.	Plymouth, Washington Co., Pamlico?. Horse.
4.	—— Wilson Co., ——? Mastodon.
5.	—— Pitt Co., Wicomico? Mastodon, horse.
6.	Goldsboro, Wayne Co., Sunderland or Wicomico. Mastodon.
7.	16 miles below Newbern, Craven Co., Pamlico. Horse mastodon, etc.
8.	Maysville, Jones Co., Pamlico. Mastodon.
9.	Duplin Co., Wicomico or Sunderland. Mastodon.
10.	Jacksonville, Onslow Co., Chowan? Mastodon.
11.	Harlowe, Carteret Co., Pamlico Co. Mastodon, elephant.
12.	Elizabethtown, Bladen Co., Sunderland or Wicomico. Horse.
13.	—— Pender Co., Chowan or Wicomico. Mastodon.
14.	10 miles below Wilmington, New Hanover Co., Chowan? Mastodon, elephant.

Map 40.
Region about Savannah, Georgia, and Skidaway Island. Redrawn from Hodgson’s Memoir.

Map 41.
Bigbone Lick and vicinity, Kentucky. After Cooper.

INDEX

• Abbott, C. C., [132], [246]
• Aberdeen, Mississippi, [234]
• Abingdon, Virginia, [113], [189]
• Academy Natural Sciences Phila., [64], [242]
• Accomac Co., Virginia, [28], [29], [352]
• Acipenser sturio, [311]
• Adams, A. L., [181]
• Adams, C. C., [33]
• Adams, J. D., [339]
• Adams Co., Illinois, [335];
  • Mississippi, [40], [125], [180], [200], [208], [233], [264], [280]
• Addison Point, Maine, [23]
• Adelonycteris fuscus, [398]
• Adrian, Michigan, [80], [227], [237], [275], [331]
• Ænocyon, [14];
  • A. ayersi, [366], [382], [395];
  • A. dirus, [32], [187], [228], [257], [322], [334], [365], [404];
  • A. mississippiensis, [337]
• Aëtobatis narinari, [382], [383]
• Aftonian horizon, [2], [7], [8], [10], [11];
  • in Alabama, [385];
  • in Florida, [373], [381], [383];
  • in Indiana, [33];
  • in Long Island, [295];
  • in New Jersey, [301], [302];
  • in Ohio, [330];
  • in Pennsylvania, [317];
  • in South Carolina, [367];
  • in Tennessee, [400];
  • in Wisconsin, [344]
• Aftonian stage, [15], [33], [283], [302], [367], [372], [379], [384]
• Aftonius, [14]
• Agassiz, L., [148]
• Agriotherium, [15];
  • A. schneideri, [380]
• Alabama, [40];
  • Elephas imperator in, [164];
  • Equidæ in, [200];
  • extinct bisons in, [264];
  • geology of, [384];
  • mastodons in, [124];
  • Xenarthra in, [40]
• Alabama River, [385]
• Alachua clays, [15], [121], [224], [232]
• Alachua Co., Florida, [37], [121], [195], [206], [211], [224], [232], [262], [375]
• Alachua formation, [10], [375], [378]
• Alachua phosphates, [15]
• Alafia River, Florida, [123], [197], [379]
• Albany, New York, [266]
• Albany Co., New York, [56]
• Alce americanus, [311]
• Alces americanus, [311], [336], [337], [338], [364], [403], [404];
  • A. runnymedensis, [363], [364]
• Alden, W. C., [110], [306], [340]
• Alden and Leighton, [12], [142]
• Alexander Co., Illinois, [140]
• Allegan Co., Michigan, [83]
• Allegany Co., Maryland, [189], [204], [220];
  • New York, [60], [226], [236]
• Alleghany Co., Virginia, [114]
• Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania, [69], [150], [168]
• Allen, F. R., [37], [122], [194]
• Allen, G. M., [266], [292]
• Allen, J. A., [24], [230], [240], [246], [248], [251], [261], [264], [269], [270], [271], [402]
• Allen Co., Indiana, [95], [174]
• Alligator, [122];
  • A. mississippiensis, [363], [375], [381], [382];
  • A. sp. indet., [350]
• Alma, Michigan, [85]
• Almero Farm, Florida, [37], [122], [194], [375]
• Alton, Illinois, [12], [14], [33], [102], [187], [219], [254], [259], [279], [336], [337]
• Aluco pratincola, [382]
• Amanda, Ohio, [71]
• Amaranth, Ontario, [130]
• Amboy, Ohio, [137], [150], [329]
• Ameiurus nebulosus, [311]
• American Museum Natural History, [51], [56], [58], [79], [97], [101], [107], [139], [140], [160], [163], [197], [198], [201], [263]
• Amherst College, [58]
• Ami, H. M., [22], [45], [287]
• Amiatus calvus, [336], [382]
• Amiurus atrarius, [311]
• Amphicyon, [2]
• Amphiuma means, [382]
• Amyda sp. indet., [353]
• Anancus, [2], [14], [15]
• Anaptogonia hiatidens, [312]
• Anderson, Indiana, [93]
• Anderson, Netta C., [103], [104], [105], [109], [110], [176], [177], [240], [337]
• Andrews, E. B., [169]
• Andrews Island, Maine, [23]
• Anita, Arizona, [15]
• Annan, R., [53]
• Ann Arbor, Michigan, [228], [237], [275], [331]
• Anodonta, species, [303]
• Anomodon snyderi, [34], [218], [219], [343]
• Ansonia, Ohio, [74]
• Antilocapra, [337];
  • A. americana, [9], [343].
• Aphelops, [9], [15];
  • A. longipes, [211], [375], [376], [377];
  • A. malacorhinus, [211];
  • A. sp. indet., [8], [9], [380]
• Appalachian Mountains, [351]
• Appomattox formation, [14]
• Arcadia, Florida, [39], [124], [160], [163], [198], [208], [233], [264], [380], [381]
• Arcadia marls, Florida, [15]
• Archer, Florida, [37], [195], [206], [211], [224], [232], [375]
• Arctodus pristinus, [363]
• Arctomys monax, [310], [311]
• Arctotherium, [315];
  • A. haplodon, [312], [313], [321]
• Ardea herodias, [382];
  • A. sellardsi, [382];
  • A. sp. indet., [382]
• Arden, New York, [50]
• Ardley, E., [18]
• Arkona Lake, [88]
• Armadillos, [5]
• Artediellus atlanticus, [287]
• Arvicola riparius, [310]
• Ashland, Illinois, [141]
• Ashley, F. W., [167]
• Ashley, Indiana, [95]
• Ashley River, South Carolina, [11], [15], [35], [118], [192], [242], [363]
• Asia, connection with, [3]
• Asphalt beds, California, [15], [33]
• Ashtabula Co., Ohio, [137], [150]
• Atractosteus lapidosus, [375]
• Attica, Indiana, [92];
  • Michigan, [276], [331];
  • New York, [61]
• Atwater, C., [72], [75]
• Atwood, Illinois, [177]
• Atwood, W. W., [7]
• Auchenia, [9], [195];
  • A. major, [224];
  • A. minima, [38], [158], [224];
  • A. minor, [224]
• Auglaize Co., Ohio, [227]
• Augusta Co., Virginia, [190], [221]
• Aurora, Illinois, [109];
  • Indiana, [91]
• Baddeck, Cape Breton Island, [46]
• Bagg, R. M., [106], [107], [110], [268]
• Bailey, T. L., [42], [394]
• Baird, S. F., [320], [321]
• Baker, F. C., [103], [104], [176], [230], [303], [333], [334]
• Baker, P. L., [154]
• Balænoptera, sp. indet., [19], [159]
• Balmville, New York, [52]
• Baltimore Co., Maryland, [112]
• Bancroft, Michigan, [86]
• Bannister, H. M., [109], [279]
• Barada, Michigan, [83]
• Barbour, E. H., [152]
• Bartholomew Co., Indiana, [172], [251]
• Barton, B. S., [63], [69], [114], [119], [128], [155], [168], [223]
• Bartow, Florida, [180]
• Bertram, J., [128]
• Bartsch, P., [383]
• Bassariscus astutus, [314]
• Batavia, Illinois, [110], [240], [269];
  • New York, [61]
• Bath Co., Virginia, [114]
• Bay Co., Michigan, [84]
• Bear, [209], [268], [395]
• Beaucoup, Illinois, [101]
• Beaufort, South Carolina, [15], [35], [118], [155], [191], [363], [366]
• Beaufort Co., South Carolina, [35], [118], [155], [191]
• Beaver, [43], [56], [268], [280], [285], [334], [337]
• Beaverdam, Pennsylvania, [133], [323]
• Beaver Lake, Indiana, [96], [252], [334]
• Beaver River, Pennsylvania, [355]
• Bechdolt, A. F., [112]
• Bedford, Pennsylvania, [69]
• Bedford Co., Pennsylvania, [69]
• Beecher, C. E., [60]
• Beecher, Illinois, [107], [241]
• Beede, J. W., [217]
• Beetles in Port Kennedy Cave, [317]
• Belding, Michigan, [215], [331]
• Bell, R., [130], [166], [235]
• Bellevue, Michigan, [81]
• Beluga catodon, [18];
  • B. vermontana, [19], [20]
• Belvidere, New York, [60]
• Benedict, Maryland, [220], [347]
• Bensley, B. A., [256]
• Berea, New York, [53]
• Bering Sea, [3]
• Berkeley Co., South Carolina, [119], [162], [367]
• Berkeley River, South Carolina, [156]
• Berks Co., Pennsylvania, [69]
• Berrien Co., Michigan, [82], [137], [171], [275]
• Berry, E. W., [188], [383], [385]
• Berwick, Pennsylvania, [69], [324]
• Beverly, Ohio, [169], [327]
• Bexar Co., Texas, [14]
• Bic, Quebec, [21]
• Bigbone Cave, Tennessee, [41]
• Bigbone Lick, Kentucky, [43], [128], [146], [160], [181], [202], [209], [234], [243], [255], [265], [270], [401]
• Biggin Swamp, South Carolina, [119], [156], [162], [367]
• Big Twin Creek, Kentucky, [161]
• Biloxi formation, [384], [385]
• Bison, [24], [109], [175], [188], [237], [337];
  • B. alleni, [256];
  • B. americanus, [256], [257], [310];
  • B. antiquus, [14], [34], [257], [258], [260], [265], [403];
  • B. appalachicolus, [249];
  • B. bison, [249], [257], [266], [267], [268], [270], [292], [295], [298], [304],310, [403], [404];
  • B., extinct species in North America, [256];
  • B. latifrons, [14], [68], [159], [160], [184], [197], [199], [233], [248], [256], [257], [259], [260], [261], [263], [264], [265], [268], [269], [328], [363], [364], [379], [384], [391], [392], [393], [404];
  • B. occidentalis, [14], [259], [265];
  • B. regius, [15];
  • B. sp. indet., [32], [38], [41], [122], [157], [158], [160], [187], [200], [204], [228], [257], [258], [259], [262], [263], [264], [312], [313], [321], [334], [339], [342], [343], [347], [352], [353], [359], [363], [370], [371], [374], [376], [378], [379], [381], [382], [385], [398], [406];
  • B. sylvestris, [32], [257]
• Black spruce, [85]
• Black Warrior River, Alabama, [385]
• Blackwelder, W., [111]
• Bladen Co., North Carolina, [190]
• Blainville, H. M., [88], [90]
• Blair Co., Pennsylvania, [31], [69], [185], [203], [214], [227], [321]
• Blanchard, C. A., [177]
• Blanco fauna, [2]
• Blanco formation, [1], [15]
• Blarina, [316];
  • B. brevicauda, [350];
  • B. brevicauda peninsulæ, [382];
  • B. simplicidens, [312];
  • B. sp. indet., [322], [353]
• Blatchley, W. S., [99], [100], [107], [174], [239]
• Bloomfield, Illinois, [106]
• Bloomington moraine, Illinois, [107], [110], [138], [238], [335]
• Bluelick Springs, Kentucky, [44], [128], [182], [234], [243], [255], [271], [405]
• Bluemounds, Wisconsin, [111], [219], [270], [341]
• Bluff formation in Mississippi, [387]
• Bodine, D., [92], [99], [173]
• Bogue Chitto, Alabama, [124], [164], [200], [385]
• Bolivar Co., Mississippi, [124]
• Bond Co., Illinois, [187]
• Bondville, Illinois, [253]
• Bone Valley formation, [10], [378]
• Bone Valley phosphates, [15]
• Boone Co., Indiana, [277], [334];
  • Kentucky, [128], [146], [160], [181], [202], [209], [234], [243], [255], [265], [270], [400], [401], [402]
• Boonville, New York, [236]
• Boötherium, [14], [96];
  • B. bombifrons, [255], [322], [403];
  • B. cavifrons, [254], [391];
  • B. sargenti, [83], [331];
  • B. sp. indet., [252]
• Borden, W. W., [89], [91]
• Borophagus, [2]
• Bos, [41], [175], [262];
  • B. bombifrons, [255];
  • B. pallasii, [255];
  • B. sp. indet., [312]
• Bovidæ, [312]
• Bovina, Mississippi, [125]
• Bowers, Indiana, [92]
• Bowling Township, Rock Island Co., Illinois, [104]
• Boyd, C. H., [23]
• Brachylagus browni, [9]
• Brachyprotoma putorius, [322]
• Bradley, F. H., [60], [96], [106], [108], [252]
• Brevard Co., Florida, [159], [196]
• Brevoort, J. C., [49]
• Brewster, Florida, [197], [211]
• Bridgeton formation, New Jersey, [15], [299], [301]
• Briggs, C., [78], [168]
• Briggs and Foster, [147], [168]
• Brighton, Ohio, [74]
• Brimley, H. H., [115], [116], [117], [145]
• Bringhurst, Indiana, [152]
• Bristol, Connecticut, [48];
  • Tennessee, [209], [394]
• Britton, N. L., [47]
• Broadhead, G. C., [268]
• Brooke Co., West Virginia, [254]
• Brookfield, Pennsylvania, [133]
• Brookville, Indiana, [90], [172];
  • Pennsylvania, [324]
• Brooklyn Institute, New York, [52]
• Brookton, New York, [57]
• Broome Co., New York, [57]
• Brown, B., [12], [38], [44], [97], [159]
• Brown, S., [223], [406]
• Brown Co., Ohio, [257]
• Brownhelm Township, Lorain County, Ohio, [79]
• Brunswick, Georgia, [11], [15], [20], [36], [120], [193], [243], [261], [280]
• Brunswick Canal, Georgia, [36], [157], [193], [370]
• Bryant, W. L., [131]
• Buchanan, Michigan, [82], [171], [331]
• Buckley, E. R., [343]
• Bucks Co., Pennsylvania, [237], [246], [267]
• Bucyrus, Ohio, [78]
• Buffalo, [102], [111], [219], [229], [240]
  • (See Bison bison)
• Buffalo, New York, [63], [131]
• Bullville, New York, [53]
• Bureau Co., Illinois, [105]
• Burlington Co., New Jersey, [64], [227], [245]
• Burlington Heights, Ontario, [166], [167], [235], [285]
• Bush, N. D., [80]
• Butler Co., Ohio, [71], [135]
• Byron, Illinois, [105]
• Bystra, H. G., [158]
• Cairo, Illinois, [140]
• Calhoun Co., Illinois, [175]
• Caloosahatchee River, Florida, [15], [40], [163], [380], [384]
• Calvenia, Florida, [198], [380]
• Calvert Co., Maryland, [189], [220], [259]
• Calvin, S., [11]
• Cambridge City, Indiana, [238]
• Cambridge, Illinois, [104]
• Camden, Indiana, [238];
  • New Jersey, [184]
• Camden Co., New Jersey, [184], [301]
• Camelidæ, [5], [224], [312];
  • in Florida, [224];
  • in Pennsylvania, [224];
  • in Tennessee, [225]
• Camelops, [14], [15], [377];
  • C. sp. indet., [43], [225], [363], [364], [382], [395], [399]
• Camels, [7], [11]
• Camelus, [14], [15]
• Campbell, M. R., [322], [354]
• Campbell Co., Kentucky, [182]
• Canastota, New York, [272]
• Canidæ, [312]
• Canimartes, [2]
• Canis, [15];
  • C. armbrusteri, [350];
  • C. dirus, [204], [312], [314];
  • C. floridanus, [365];
  • C. indianensis, [312], [314];
  • C. latrans, [9], [334], [337], [342], [343];
  • C. lupus, [310];
  • C. lycaon, [310];
  • C. mississippiensis, [341], [342], [343];
  • C. nubilus, [9], [337], [342], [343];
  • C. occidentalis, [341], [343], [365];
  • C. primævus, [32];
  • C. priscolatrans, [312], [322];
  • C. riviveronis, [382];
  • C. sp. indet., [9], [321], [350], [363], [366], fig. 19, [382];
  • C. virginianus, [310]
• Cannon, G. H., [86]
• Cannonsburg, Michigan, [83]
• Canton, Ohio, [80], [170]
• Cape Breton Island, [289];
  • mastodons in, [46]
• Cape Cod, Massachusetts, [15], [266]
• Capelin, [23]
• Cape May, [304]
• Cape May formation, [66], [299], [301]
• Caranx, [383];
  • C. hippos, [382];
  • C. sp. indet., [382]
• Carcharodon sp. indet., [370]
• Caretta caretta, [382], [383]
• Carey, Ohio, [78]
• Cariacus virginianus, [231]
• Caribou, [112], [244], [344]
• Carleton Co., Ontario, [17]
• Carlisle, Pennsylvania, caves near, [320]
• Carmichaels formation, [322]
• Carroll Co., Indiana, [152], [277]
• Carteret Co., North Carolina, [117], [145], [179]
• Case, E. C., [87], [250]
• Caseilla, Mississippi, [124]
• Cass Co., Illinois, [141];
  • Indiana, [97], [278]
• Castor, [128];
  • C. canadensis, [295], [299], [310], [311], [312], [339], [348], [363], [395];
  • C. fiber, [310], [311], [312], [353];
  • C. sp. indet., [8], [350]
• Castoridæ, [312]
• Castoroides, [14], [81], [94], [128], [169], [327], [400];
  • in eastern North America, [272];
  • in Georgia, [280];
  • in Illinois, [278];
  • in Indiana, [276];
  • in Michigan, [275];
  • in Mississippi, [280];
  • in New York, [272];
  • in Ohio, [273];
  • in Pennsylvania, [272];
  • in South Carolina, [279];
  • in Tennessee, [280]
• Castoroides ohioensis, [43], [70], [72], [175], [227], [237], [238], [295], [299], [310], [329], [337], [339], [363], [370], [392], [393], [395]
• Catawba, Ohio, [74]
• Cathartes aura, [382];
  • C. aura septentrionalis, [382]
• Caton, J. D., [229]
• Cattaraugus Co., New York, [62], [226]
• Cave deposits, [14]
• Cavetown, Maryland, [14], [189], [220], [231], [348]
• Caviidæ, [5]
• Cedar, red, [72]
• Celina moraine, [326]
• Center Lisle, New York, [57]
• Cervalces, [13], [14], [107], [241], [283], [284], [336];
  • C. borealis, [226];
  • C. roosevelti, [338], [339];
  • C. scotti, [207], [306], [403], [404];
  • C. sp. indet., [229], [321], [352]
• Cervidæ, [225], [234], [312]
• Cervus americanus, [207];
  • C. canadensis, [235]; 247, [295], [299], [304], [310], [311], [337], [338], [342], [347], [363], [364], [395], [403], [404];
  • in Florida, [243];
  • in Georgia, [243];
  • in Illinois, [239], [240];
  • in Maryland, [242];
  • in Michigan, [237];
  • in New Jersey, [237];
  • in North Carolina, [242];
  • in Ontario, [235], [284], [285];
  • in Pennsylvania, [237];
  • in South Carolina, [242];
  • in Vermont, [235];
  • in Wisconsin, [241];
  • C. sp. indet., [8], [370], [398];
  • C. tarandus, [247];
  • C. virginianus, [230], [233], [247], [310], [311], [391];
  • C. whitneyi, [343].
• Cetaceans in eastern North America, [17];
  • in Florida, [20];
  • in Georgia, [20];
  • in New Brunswick, [19];
  • in North Carolina, [20];
  • in Ontario, [17];
  • in South Carolina, [20];
  • in Vermont, [19];
  • Pleistocene, [17]
• Chadd’s Ford, Pennsylvania, [133]
• Chætodipterus faber, [381]
• Chalfants, Ohio, [215], [328]
• Chalmers, R., [289]
• Chamberlin and Salisbury, [7], [341], [389], [392]
• Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, [69], [168], [324]
• Champaign Co., Illinois, [33], [106], [152], [253], [268];
  • Ohio, [74], [249]
• Champlain Lake, Vermont, [235]
• Champlain Sea, [22], [285], [291]
• Champlain stage, [286]
• Chapman, E. J., [45]
• Charles Co., Maryland, [188], [220]
• Charleston, South Carolina, [11], [20], [29], [35], [118], [155], [162], [192], [231], [242], [260], [279], [363];
  • Illinois, [279];
  • Indiana, [91]
• Charleston Co., South Carolina, [118], [155], [162], [192], [205], [221], [231], [242], [260], [279]
• Charleston Museum, South Carolina, [30], [35], [162], [192], [232], [260]
• Charlotte, Vermont, [20]
• Charlotte Co., Florida, [263];
  • New Brunswick, [19]
• Charlotte moraine, [81], [83], [137], [330]
• Chasmaporthetes, [15];
  • C. ossifragus, [9]
• Chatham Co., Georgia, [120], [157], [194], [262]
• Chattanooga, Tennessee, [43]
• Chautauqua, New York, [63]
• Chautauqua Co., New York, [236], [267]
• Chelonia couperi, [370];
  • C. mydas, [382], [383]
• Chelydra laticarinata, [382];
  • C. sculpta, [382];
  • C. serpentina, [310], [311], [347]
• Chemung Co., New York, [58], [149], [167]
• Cheney, T. A., [63]
• Chesapeake Beach, Maryland, [189], [220], [259], [347], [348]
• Cheshire, Connecticut, [47]
• Chester, Illinois, [101], [175];
  • New York, [50];
  • Pennsylvania, [133]
• Chicago, Illinois, [337];
  • Ohio, [136]
• Chicago Heights, Illinois, [153]
• Chillicothe, Illinois, [153]
• Chittenden Co., Vermont, [20], [167]
• Chlamytherium, [15], [159];
  • C. septentrionale, [38],39, [40], [376], [379], [381], [382]
• Chowan formation, [29], [356]
• Christian Co., Illinois, [175]
• Christina, Florida, [380]
• Cristivomer namaycush, [112], [344]
• Church, Michigan, [80]
• Cincinnati, Ohio, [71], [169], [185]
• Circleville, Ohio, [75], [170]
• Cistudo clausa, [310], [311]
• Citellus tuitus, [9]
• Citra, Florida, [121], [158]
• Citrus Co., Florida, [158], [196], [225]
• City Point, Virginia, [113]
• Claiborne Co., Mississippi, [125]
• Clapp, F. G., [290], [322]
• Clark, W., [401]
• Clark, W. B., [345], [351], [355]
• Clark and Miller, [15], [29], [113]
• Clark Co., Indiana, [91];
  • Kentucky, [255];
  • Ohio 74, [136]
• Clarke, J. M., [49], [50], [51], [52], [54], [55], [56], [58], [59], [60], [61], [62], [63], [107], [226], [266]
• Claverack, New York, [55]
• Claypole, E. W., [32], [71]
• Clayton, Michigan, [81]
• Clear Spring, Maryland, [113], [349]
• Clemmys insculpta, [312], [322];
  • C. percrassa, [312]
• Cleveland, Ohio, [79], [136], [170]
• Climate of Don beds, Ontario, [282];
  • of Scarboro beds, Ontario, [283]
• Clinton Co., Ohio, [214], [273]
• Clubfoot and Harlowe Canal, [117], [179]
• Clyde, New York, [272]
• Coastal Plain, Atlantic, [13], [351];
  • in Alabama, [384];
  • in Florida, [372];
  • in Georgia, [368];
  • in North Carolina, [29], [355];
  • in South Carolina, [361]
• Coeymans, New York, [56]
• Cohansey sands, [300]
• Coharie formation, [356]
• Cohoes, New York, [56];
  • pot-holes, [296]
• Colbert Co., Alabama, [40]
• Coldenham, New York, [52]
• Coleman, A. P., [46], [147], [166], [167], [226], [244], [281], [283]
• Coleraine, Massachusetts, [47]
• Coles Co., Illinois, [279]
• Collett, J., [73], [92], [96], [106], [171], [172], [173], [17] 228, [276], [277]
• Coluber acuminatus, [312], [314];
  • C. sp. indet., [314]
• Colubridæ, [312]
• Columbia, Tennessee, [181], [395], [399]
• Columbia Co., Florida, [121];
  • New York, [55];
  • Pennsylvania, [69]
• Columbiana Co., Ohio, [70], [135], [186], [203], [215], [325]
• Columbus, Ohio, [186], [214], [330]
• Columbus Grove, Ohio, [77]
• Conard fissure, Arkansas, [12], [14]
• Conewango, New York, [62]
• Connecticut, geology of, [292];
  • mastodons in, [47];
  • Rangifer in, [244]
• Connecticut River, [294]
• Connersville, Indiana, [173]
• Conrad, T. A., [64], [117], [190], [191], [359]
• Cook, C. C., [266]
• Cook, G. H., [65], [66], [67], [68]
• Cook Co., Illinois, [110], [153], [177], [230], [240]
• Coon Valley, Wisconsin, [259]
• Cooper River, South Carolina, [119], [156], [162], [363]
• Cooper, Smith, and DeKay, [202]
• Cooper, W., [36], [44], [146], [181], [243], [255]. 270, [401], [402]
• Coosa River, Alabama, [385]
• Coosaw River, South Carolina, [35]
• Cope and Wortman, [218], [228], [258]
• Cope, E. D., [9], [11], [31], [43], [63], [64], [69], [154], [166] 184, [185], [190], [203], [213], [217], [218], [220], [221], [228], [237], [242], [256], [258], [267], [301], [312], [316], [317], [318], [353], [354], [377]
• Copeland, M., [24]
• Copenhagen, New York, [56]
• Copley, O. N., [78]
• Coquina, Florida, [15]
• Core Creek, North Carolina, [358]
• Cornwall, Ontario, [18]
• Corriganville, Maryland, [14], [189], [204], [220], [349]
• Cortland Co., New York, [149]
• Cottle, T., [147], [148]
• Cottus uncinatus, [287]
• Couper, J. H., [36], [157], [261], [262], [369], [370]
• Covington, Indiana, [92];
  • Virginia, [114];
  • West Virginia, [354]
• Cox, E. T., [100], [172], [175]
• Crawford Co., Ohio, [78];
  • Pennsylvania, [150], [168];
  • Wisconsin, [111]
• Cricetidæ, [312]
• Crocodile, [207]
• Crocodylus sp. indet., [350], [352], [370]
• Croom, H. B., [117], [231], [359]
• Crotalus adamanteus, [382];
  • C. horridus, [348];
  • C. sp. indet., [314], [353]
• Crown Point, Indiana, [140]
• Cryptobranchus sp. indet., [322], [353]
• Cryptotis floridana, [382]
• Crystal Hill Cave, Pennsylvania, [213], [237]
• Cuba, New York, [226], [236]
• Cumberland Co., Maine, [24]
• Currituck Co., North Carolina, [29]
• Curry, J. C., [64]
• Cushing, H. P., [136]
• Cuvier, G., [69], [71], [119], [181]
• Cuyahoga, Ohio, [136]
• Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, [79], [170]
• Cyclopterus lumpus, [23], [287]
• Cystophora cristata, [26];
  • C. proboscidea, [26]
• Dachnowski, A., [76]
• Dade Co., Florida, [384]
• Dall, W. H., [10], [38], [121], [195], [199], [224], [232], [360], [361], [380], [384]
• Dall and Harris, [361]
• Dallas Co., Alabama, [124], [164], [200]
• Dalton, Indiana, [94]
• Dana, J. D., [163], [244]
• Dandridge, Tennessee, [127], [209], [223], [395]
• Dane Co., Wisconsin, [111], [219]
• Danglade, E., [138]
• Danville, Indiana, [92]
• Darke Co., Ohio, [73], [136], [170], [274]
• Darlington, South Carolina, [193], [232], [366]
• Darlington Co., South Carolina, [119], [193], [232]
• Darton, N. H., [260]
• Dasyatis hastata, [363];
  • D. sp. indet., [370]
• Dasypodidæ, [5]
• Dasypus sp. indet., [38], [39], [378], [382]
• Dauphin Co., Pennsylvania, [185]
• Davenport Academy Sciences, [149]
• Davidson Co., Tennessee, [43], [127], [201], [225], [395], [396]
• Davis, C. A., [85], [111]
• Davis, J., [100]
• Dawson, J. W., [17], [18], [19], [22], [45], [46], [281], [288]
• Daxon, A., [104]
• Dayton, Ohio, [72], [135]
• Daytona, Florida, [20], [122], [158]
• Deal, New Jersey, [227], [237]
• Dearborn Co., Indiana, [91]
• Decatur Co., Indiana, [92]
• Decker mastodon, [81], [275]
• Defiance moraine, [88], [330]
• Deer, [43], [81], [103], [109], [117], [127], [187], [204], [225], [226], [237], [337], [358], [393], [399]
• Deirochelys floridana, [379]
• DeKalb Co., Indiana, [95]
• DeKay, J. E., [29], [49], [59], [61], [62], [131], [235], [245]
• DeKay, Van Rensselaer, and Cooper, [65]
• De Land, Florida, [378]
• Delaware Co., Indiana, [174];
  • Pennsylvania, [133]
• Delphinapterus leucas, [17], [18], [19], [20], [284], [288];
  • D. sp. indet., [289];
  • D. vermontanus, [17], [18], [20], [284], [288]
• Delphinid sp. indet., [381]
• Denham, Indiana, [96]
• Dennis, D. W., [252]
• Dennison, Virginia, [190]
• De Soto Co., Florida, [39], [124], [160], [198], [208], [233], [264]
• Deussen, A., [15]
• Dickeson, M. W., [40], [125], [264], [389]
• Dicotyles fossilis, [221];
  • D. lenis, [219], [222], [341], [342];
  • D. nasutus, [213], [216], [221];
  • D. pennsylvanicus, [213], [214], [310];
  • D. torquatus, [220], [221], [341]
• Didelphis virginiana, [363], [382]
• Dinobastis, [14]
• Diodon sp. indet., [381]
• Dismal Swamp, North Carolina, [15];
  • mollusks, of, [351];
  • in Virginia, [360]
• Disputanta, Virginia, [352]
• District of Columbia, [16];
  • Equidæ in, [188];
  • geology of, [344], [348];
  • Elephas sp. indet. in, [178]
• Dixon, S., [318]
• Don formation, Ontario, [167], [226], [256], [281]
• Don River, Ontario, [167]
• Dorr, Michigan, [83]
• Dover, Wisconsin, [110], [340]
• Drayton, J., [119]
• Drennon Springs, Kentucky, [129]
• Driftless area, Wisconsin, [259], [341]
• Dryer, C. R., [95], [174]
• Drymarchon corais couperi, [382]
• Dubois Co., Indiana, [88]
• Dubuque, Iowa, [342]
• Duchouquet Township, Auglaize Co., Ohio, [76]
• Dudley, J., [55]
• Dufferin Co., Ontario, [130]
• Duke, A., [130]
• Dumbbell Harbor, Grinnell Land, [21], [244], [248]
• Duncan Falls, Ohio, [135], [327]
• Dunn Co., Wisconsin, [111], [230], [247]
• Dunnellon, Florida, [15], [38], [122], [158], [162], [196], [207], [211], [223], [225], [263];
  • formation, [10]
• Dunnville, Ontario, [46]
• DuPage Co., Illinois, [109], [177], [279]
• Duplin Co., North Carolina, [115], [179], [357]
• Durham Cave, Pennsylvania, [237], [311]
• Dutchess Co., New York, [55]
• Duval Co. Florida, [122], [157], [232], [262], [374]
• Dwight, W. B., [55]
• Eager, S. W., [52], [53], [54], [55]
• Earle, C. J., [159], [197], [233], [379]
• Earlham College, Indiana, [94], [139], [229], [238], [252], [277]
• East Coldenham, New York, [53]
• East Lynn, Illinois, [107]
• East Saginaw, Michigan, [171], [331]
• East St. Louis, Illinois, [101]
• Eaton Co., Michigan, [81], [137], [171]
• Eaton moraine, [326]
• Eaton Rapids, Michigan, [137], [331]
• Eau Claire, Michigan, [82]
• Eau Gallie, Florida, [159], [196], [380]
• Eddings Island, South Carolina, [35]
• Edgar Co., Illinois, [106]
• Edgecombe Co., North Carolina, [117]
• Edisto River, South Carolina, [363]
• Edom, Virginia, [114]
• Edwards, J. J., [172]
• Edwards, T., [167]
• Elephant, [374], [401]
• Elephantidæ, [5], [312]
• Elephants, [5], [7], [11], [16]
• Elephas, [14];
  • E. americanus, [69], [131], [144], [168], [178];
  • E. columbi, [11], [38], [122], [146], [163], [164], [166], [172], [174], [180], [181], [194], [196], [197], [199], [200], [233], [235], [262], [263], [264], [293], [295], [299], [302], [305], [322], [323], [329], [334], [347], [348], [357], [363], [366], [370], [371], [374], [375], [378], [379], [380], [381], [382], [384], [392], [393], [403];
  • in Florida, [157];
  • in Georgia, [157];
  • in Illinois, [152];
  • in Indiana, [151];
  • in Kentucky, [160];
  • in Maryland, [154];
  • in Michigan, [151], [331];
  • in New Jersey, [149];
  • in New York, [149];
  • in North Carolina, [155];
  • in Ohio, [150];
  • in Ontario, [147], [284];
  • in Pennsylvania, [150];
  • in South Carolina, [155];
  • in Vermont, [148];
  • in West Virginia, [155]
• Elephas jacksoni, [161], [168], [169], [327]
• Elephas imperator, [11], [14], [15], [124], [157], [162], [165], [180], [200], [283], [363], [364], [367], [376], [379], [380], [381], [383], [384], [385], [393];
  • in Alabama, [164];
  • in Florida, [145], [162];
  • in South Carolina, [162]
• Elephas primigenius, [36], [59], [98], [100], [135], [151], [154], [165], [166], [167], [169], [172], [181], [182], [247], [251], [259], [261], [277], [283], [284], [295], [299], [302], [304], [306], [322], [323], [324], [327], [328], [334], [340], [347], [348], [353], [358], [379], [391], [395], [396], [403];
  • in Kentucky, [146];
  • in Illinois, [140];
  • in Indiana, [138];
  • in Maryland, [144];
  • in Michigan, [137], [331];
  • in New York, [131];
  • in New Jersey, [132];
  • in Not America, [130];
  • in North Carolina, [145];
  • in Ohio, [134], [329];
  • in Ontario, [130], [284], [285];
  • in Pennsylvania, [133];
  • in Tennessee, [146];
  • in Wisconsin, [143]
• Elephas sp. indet., [166], [354], [358], [384], [395], [399];
  • in District of Columbia, [178];
  • in Florida, [179];
  • in Illinois, [175];
  • in Indiana, [171];
  • in Kentucky, [181];
  • in Maryland, [178];
  • in Michigan, [171], [331];
  • in Mississippi, [180];
  • in New York, [167];
  • in North Carolina, [179];
  • in Ohio, [168];
  • in Ontario, [166];
  • in Pennsylvania, [168];
  • in Tennessee, [181];
  • in Ungava, [166];
  • in Vermont, [167];
  • in Virginia, [178];
  • in West Virginia, [179];
  • in Wisconsin, [178]
• Elgin Co., Ontario, [45]
• Elizabeth, Illinois, [269]
• Elizabethtown, North Carolina, [190], [357]
• Elk, [81], [102], [108], [109], [117], [226], [228], [229], [235], [237]
  • (See Cervus canadensis)
• Ellenton, Florida, [379]
• Ellenville, New York, [54]
• Ellis, H., [88]
• Ellis, R. W., [91]
• Elmira, New York, [58], [149]
• Elrod and Benedict, [98], [174], [229], [239]
• Elroy, Tennessee, [41], [395], [397]
• Elsie, Michigan, [84]
• Emerson, B. K., [290]
• Eminence, Kentucky, [182]
• Emmons, E., [116], [118], [149], [167], [190], [191], [226], [235], [360]
• Emydidæ, [312]
• Englewood moraine, [326]
• Englishtown, New Jersey, [65], [305]
• Eptesicus fuscus, [310]
• Equality, Illinois, [175]
• Equidæ, [5], [312];
  • in Alabama, [200];
  • in District of Columbia, [188];
  • in Eastern North America, [183];
  • in Florida, [194];
  • in Georgia, [193];
  • in Illinois, [187];
  • in Indiana, [186];
  • in Kentucky, [202];
  • in Maryland, [188];
  • in Massachusetts, [183];
  • in Mississippi, [200];
  • in New Jersey, [184];
  • in New York, [183];
  • in North Carolina, [190];
  • in Ohio, [185];
  • in Pennsylvania, [184];
  • in South Carolina, [191];
  • in Tennessee, [201];
  • in Virginia, [189];
  • in West Virginia, [190]
• Equus, [9], [14], [15], [372];
  • E. americanus, [186], [193], [200], [391];
  • E. caballus, [190];
  • E. complicatus, [32], [33], [43], [68], [159], [160], [184], [185], [186], [187], [189], [191], [192], [193], [194], [195], [196], [197], [198], [199], [200], [201], [202], [204], [208], [217], [228], [233], [256], [257], [263], [265], [283], [302], [308], [312], [313], [328], [330], [348], [352], [353], [359], [363], [366], [370], [379], [380], [382], [392], [393], [395], [403], [404], [406];
  • E. curvidens, [193], [202];
  • E. excelsus, [8];
  • E. fraternus, [38], [158], [160], [184], [185], [191], [192], [193], [196], [198], [199], [201], [264], [302], [312], [313], [362];
  • E. giganteus, [9], [183], [189], [348];
  • E. idahoensis, [8];
  • E. leidyi, [43], [124], [127], [158], [159], [165], [188], [189], [191], [192], [194], [195], [196], [197], [198], [199], [200], [201], [222], [224], [225], [233], [263], [283], [313], [348], [357], [360], [362], [363], [370], [371], [376], [378], [379], [380], [381], [382], [384], [385], [392], [393], [394], [395], [399];
  • E. littoralis, [159], [193], [195], [197], [199], [201], [232], [233], [263], [364], [370], [376], [379], [380], [381], [382], [395], [396];
  • E. major, [68], 183, [187], [192], [198];
  • E. niobrarensis, [190], [354];
  • E. occidentalis, [9];
  • E. pectinatus, [185], [187], [312], [313];
  • E. princeps, [199];
  • E. scotti, [194];
  • E. sp. indet., [9], [41], [158], [196], [202], [292], [295], [298], [301], [305], [310], [322], [339], [350], [352], [354], [375], [376], [399];
  • E. tau, [193], [199]
• Equus beds, [378]
• Equus zone, [11]
• Ereptodon priscus, [41], [392], [393]
• Erethizon dorsatum, [310], [311], [312], [313], [316], [348], [398];
  • E. sp. indet., [321]
• Erethizontidæ, [312]
• Erie basin, [296]
• Erie, New York, [63];
  • Pennsylvania, [70], [324]
• Erie Co., New York, [131];
  • Ohio, [78];
  • Pennsylvania, [70], [133], [168]
• Eschatius, [14]
• Essex Co., New Jersey, [66];
  • Ontario, [45]
• Etchegoin-Tulare, [15]
• Euelephas jacksoni, [147]
• Euchœrus macrops, [223]
• Eutænia sirtalis, [311]
• Evanston, Illinois, [177], [230]
• Evansville, Indiana, [32], [186], [203], [228], [257], [334], [405]
• Everglades, Florida, [163]
• Evolution of Pleistocene vertebrates, [5]
• Extinct bisons in Alabama, [264];
  • in Florida, [262];
  • in Georgia, [261];
  • in Illinois, [259];
  • in Indiana, [257];
  • in Kentucky, [265];
  • in Maryland, [259];
  • in Mississippi, [264];
  • in Ohio, [257];
  • in Ontario, [256];
  • in Pennsylvania, [256];
  • in South Carolina, [260];
  • in Virginia, [259];
  • in Wisconsin, [259]
• Extinction of Pleistocene vertebrates, [6]
• Fairchild, H. L., [47], [49], [56], [58], [131], [147], [281], [285], [290], [291], [294], [297], [298]
• Fairmount, Illinois, [106];
  • Indiana, [139], [277]
• Fairmount Township, Grant Co., Indiana, [93]
• Falconer, H., [165]
• Farancia abacura, [382]
• Farmington, Connecticut, [48];
  • New York, [236]
• Farr, M. S., [132]
• Fauquier Co., Virginia, [178]
• Fayette Co., Illinois, [187];
  • Indiana, [173];
  • Kentucky, [129], [210];
  • Ohio, [74]
• Fayetteville, Tennessee, [128]
• Felidæ, [5], [312]
• Felis, [2], [14];
  • F. atrox, [265], [391];
  • F. canadensis, [310];
  • F. couguar, [337], [348];
  • F. eyra, [312], [314];
  • F. inexpectata, [312], [316];
  • F. veronis, [382];
  • F. sp. indet., [321], [376]
• Fellsmere, Florida, [122], [159], [381]
• Fenneman, N. M., [71], [135], [169], [328]
• Fenton, Michigan, [86]
• Ferguson, W. L., [126]
• Fiber zibethicus, [311]
• Fielden, H. W., [244], [248]
• Fielden and De Rance, [21], [244], [248]
• Field Natural History Museum, [118]
• Fincastle, Ohio, [257], [328]
• Fisher, G. J., [245]
• Fisher, R. L., [126]
• Fish House, New Jersey, [15], [184]
• Fish House beds, New Jersey, [301], [302]
• Fite, C. F., [98], [278]
• Flora in Alabama, [385];
  • Don beds, Ontario, [282];
  • Port Kennedy cave, Pennsylvania, [317];
  • Scarboro beds, Ontario, [283];
  • Vero, Florida, [383]
• Florida, [37];
  • Camelidæ in, [224];
  • Cervus canadensis in, [243];
  • cetaceans in, [20];
  • Elephas columbi in, [157];
  • Elephas imperator in, [145], [162];
  • Elephas sp. indet. in, [179];
  • Equidæ in, [194];
  • extinct bisons in, [262];
  • geology of, [372];
  • mastodons in, [121];
  • Odocoileus in, [232];
  • rhinoceroses in, [211];
  • Tagassuidæ in, [222];
  • Tapiridæ in, [206];
  • Xenarthra in, [37]
• Floyd Co., Indiana, [89]
• Foote, E. A., [81]
• Foresman, Indiana, [239]
• Fort Jefferson, Ohio, [73], [170]
• Fort McArthur, Ohio, [76]
• Fort Wayne, Indiana, [95]
• Fort Wayne moraine, [250], [276]
• Fort White, Florida, [121], [374]
• Forshey, C. G., [41], [391]
• Foshay, P. M., [290]
• Fossil Lake, Oregon, [1], [10], [11], [15]
• Fossil plants, [56]
• Foster, J. W., [78], [101], [102], [106], [117], [119], [135], [168], [169], [179], [273], [391]
• Fountain City, Indiana, [238]
• Fountain Co., Indiana, [92]
• Fowlerville, New York, [60]
• Francisville, Indiana, [140]
• Franklin Co., Indiana, [90], [172];
  • Massachusetts, [47];
  • Ohio, [75], [186], [214];
  • Pennsylvania, [69], [168]
• Frankstown, Pennsylvania, [31], [69], [185], [203], [214], [227], [321]
• Freehold, New Jersey, [65], [304]; New York, [55]
• Frontenac Co., Ontario, [235]
• Fry, A., [97]
• Fuller, M. L., [25], [290], [292], [295]
• Fuller and Clapp, [71], [258]
• Fulton, Indiana, [97]
• Fulton Co., Illinois, [176];
  • Indiana, [97], [140]
• Gadsden Co., Florida, [121], [374]
• Gainesville, New York, [212]
• Galena, Illinois, [34], [178], [218], [269], [336], [337]
• Galeocerdo sp. indet., [370], [381]
• Galera macrodon, [220]
• Galesburg, Illinois, [176]
• Galien, Michigan, [83]
• Gallatin Co., Illinois, [100], [175], [278]
• Gallinago sp. indet., [314]
• Galva, Illinois, [142]
• Galveston Bay, Texas, [15]
• Gardiner clays, Long Island, New York, [14], [290]
• Gardiner, Maine, [23], [24], [25]
• Gasterosteus aculeatus, [287]
• Gay Head, Massachusetts, [14], [25], [26], [183]
• Geauga Co., Ohio, [170]
• Genesee Co., Michigan, [86];
  • New York, [61]
• Geneseo, New York, [60]
• Geology of Pleistocene epoch, [281]
• Geomys bursarius, [339], [343]
• Georgetown, District of Columbia, [188]
• Georgia, [15], [36];
  • Castoroides in, [280];
  • Cervus canadensis in, [243];
  • cetaceans in, [20];
  • Elephas columbi in, [157];
  • Equidæ in, [193];
  • extinct bisons in, [261];
  • geology of, [368];
  • mastodons in, [120];
  • Tapiridæ in, [206];
  • Xenarthra in, [36]
• Germantown, Ohio, [71], [274]
• Germantown moraine, [326]
• Giant beaver, [7], [13], [334]
• Gibbes, R. W., [120], [179], [193], [194]
• Gibson Co., Indiana, [89], [90], [216], [334]
• Gidley, J. W., [20], [97], [120], [178], [189], [192], [193], [204], [206], [219], [220], [221], [250], [262], [280], [349], [350], [370]
• Gilbert, G. K., [11], [56], [76], [77]
• Gillmor, J. A., [78]
• Gilmore, C. W., [80], [81]
• Gilpin, J. B., [19]
• Girard, Pennsylvania, [168]
• Glencoe, Illinois, [110]
• Glengarry Co., Ontario, [18]
• Glenn, L. C., [394]
• Globicephala bæreckeii, [20], [378]
• Gloucester, New Jersey, [184]
• Gloucester Co., New Jersey, [63]
• Glynn Co., Georgia, [36], [120], [193], [243], [261], [280]
• Glyptodon, [14], [15], [39];
  • G. petaliferus, [39], [381];
  • G. rivipacis, [40], [381];
  • G. sp. indet., [364]
• Glyptodons, [5]
• Glyptotherium, [2], [4], [15]
• Goat Island, New York, [62]
• Goldsboro, North Carolina, [115], [359]
• Goldthwait, J. W., [288], [290]
• Godman, J. D., [50], [53], [66], [155]
• Gomphotherium, [2], [14], [15], [376], [393];
  • G. floridanum, [15], [37], [120], [121], [122], [123], [195], [196], [375], [376], [380];
  • G. rugosidens, [118], [120], [370];
  • G. sp. indet., [380]
• Goose Creek, South Carolina, [363]
• Gopherus polyphemus, [382];
  • G. præcedens, [383]
• Gordon, R., [52], [53]
• Gosport, Indiana, [172]
• Graculus idahoensis, [8]
• Graham, J. G., [52], [53]
• Grand Isle, Vermont, [235]
• Grand Ledge, Michigan, [171], [331]
• Grand Rapids, Michigan, [250]
• Grand River, Michigan, [137]
• Grand River moraine, [137]
• Grant and Burchard, [341]
• Grant Co., Indiana, [93], [139], [277];
  • Wisconsin, [111]
• Grant, U. S., Prof., [177]
• Granville, Ohio, [75]
• Gratiot, Michigan, [85]
• Grasses, [72]
• Gray, A., [67]
• Grayson, Nebraska, [1], [11], [15]
• Graysville, Pennsylvania, [133], [322]
• Green, H. A., [60]
• Greenbrier Co., West Virginia, [34], [221]
• Greencastle, Indiana, [91]
• Green Co., Pennsylvania, [133], [150]
• Greendell, New Jersey, [68], [306]
• Greene, G. K., [129]
• Greene Co., Illinois, [187];
  • New York, [55], [56], [168], [226];
  • Pennsylvania, [322]
• Greenfield, Indiana, [277]
• Greenland, [244], [248]
• Green Oak, Michigan, [81]
• Greensburg, Indiana, [92]
• Green Township, Summit Co., Ohio, [80]
• Greenville, New York, [56], [168], [191], [226], [359];
  • Ohio, [73], [274]
• Grinnell Land, musk-oxen in, [248];
  • Pinnipedia in, [21];
  • Rangifer in, [244]
• Grison macrodon, [220], [347]
• Ground hog, [337]
• Grove City, Florida, [263]
• Grovertown, Indiana, [278]
• Grundy Co., Illinois, [108]
• Guernsey, J. A., [59]
• Guilford, Indiana, [91]
• Gulo luscus, [312], [316], [350]
• Habersham, J. E., [36], [120], [194], [262]
• Hackettstown, New Jersey, [67], [306]
• Hager, A. D., [19]
• Haldimand Co., Ontario, [46]
• Hale Co., Alabama, [200], [264]
• Halifax Co., Virginia, [190]
• Hall, J., [56], [59], [60], [62], [66], [168], [226], [236], [272], [280], [297]
• Hamblen Co., Tennessee, [201], [209], [223]
• Hamilton, Ontario, [147], [166], [235], [285]
• Hamilton Co., Indiana, [173];
  • Ohio, [71], [135], [169], [185];
  • Tennessee, [43], [201], [209]
• Hammond formation, Alabama, [385]
• Hamptonburg, New York, [53]
• Hancock Co., Illinois, [103], [335];
  • Indiana, [277]
• Hardee Co., Florida, [38], [160], [198]
• Hardin Co., Ohio, [76]
• Harlan, R., [36], [41], [43], [44], [117], [120], [129], [156], [162], [178], [179], [188], [191], [255], [358]
• Harlanus, [261]
• Harlowe, North Carolina, [117], [179]
• Harper, Illinois, [105];
  • Ohio, [75]
• Harris, G. D., [386], [389]
• Harrison Co., Indiana, [258];
  • Kentucky, [129]
• Harrisville, Indiana, [228], [238], [334]
• Harrisonville, Kentucky, [128];
  • New Jersey, [63]
• Hartford, Indiana, [91]
• Hartford Co., Connecticut, [48]
• Hartman’s Cave, Pennsylvania, [185], [213], [227], [237], [246], [272], [308]
• Hartnagel, C. A., [132], [212]
• Hartsdale, New York, [50]
• Hartt, C. F., [57]
• Hartwell moraine, [90], [274]
• Harvard University, [60]
• Harvey’s, Pennsylvania, [133], [322]
• Hatcher, J. B., [37], [254]
• Hawkins Co., Tennessee, [127], [201], [222], [394]
• Hay, O. P., [32], [88], [90], [156]
• Hayden, F. V., [101]
• Hayden, H. H., [154]
• Hayes, S., [71], [185]
• Haymond, R., [90], [172]
• Hays, I., [54], [209]
• Hebron, Indiana, [99], [252], [334]
• Hidden, W. S., [28]
• Heidelberg University, Ohio, [123]
• Heilprin, A., [317], [384]
• Henderson, Kentucky, [44], [234], [405]
• Henderson Co., Illinois, [152];
  • Kentucky, [234]
• Hendricks Co., Indiana, [92]
• Hendry, F. H., [40]
• Hennessy, J. C., [164]
• Henry Co., Illinois, [104], [142], [154];
  • Indiana, [94];
  • Kentucky, [129]
• Herkimer Co., New York, [236]
• Hernando, Florida, [196], [225]
• Herodias egretta, [382]
• Hesperomys leucopus, [310], [312]
• Heyner’s Bridge, Georgia, [120]
• Hickory, Pennsylvania, [70], [323]
• Hicks, L. E., [75]
• Highgate, Ontario, [45]
• Higley, W. K., [110], [230]
• Hildreth, S. P., [70], [75], [80], [170], [231], [273]
• Hilgard, E. W., [125], [254], [387], [391]
• Hill, C. C., [70]
• Hillsboro Co., Florida, [38], [123], [159], [197], [208], [379]
• Hillsboro River, Florida, [38], [379]
• Hillsdale Co., Michigan, [80]
• Hindostan, Indiana, [89]
• Hinds Co., Mississippi, [124]
• Hinsdale, New York, [62], [226]
• Hipparion, [2], [9], [15], [191], [376], [377], [393];
  • H. ingenuum, [196], [199], [375], [381];
  • H. minus, [197], [380];
  • H. plicatile, [37], [121], [196], [375], [376];
  • H. sp. indet., [121], [195], [196], [376], [380];
  • H. venustum, [363]
• Hippopotamus, [261]
• Hippotherium ingenuum, [195], [196];
  • H. plicatile, [196];
  • H. princeps, [198], [199];
  • H. relictum, [9]
• Hitchcock, Edward, [19], [47], [148], [167]
• Hitchcock, Edward jr., [19], [58]
• Hodgson, W. B., [36], [120], [194]
• Holder, Florida, [158]
• Holland, W. J., [31], [69], [95], [203], [214], [227], [321]
• Holley, New York, [62]
• Hollick, A., [48], [345]
• Holmes, F. S., [35], [118], [155], [192], [231], [232], [242], [361], [363], [364]
• Holmes, J. A., [361]
• Holmes Co., Ohio, [32]
• Holomeniscus, [9]
• Homer, Illinois, [268];
  • New York, [149]
• Homo sapiens, [379]
• Honeyman, D., [19]
• Hooded seal, [26], [293]
• Hoopeston, Illinois, [106]
• Hope, New Jersey, [68], [306]
• Hoplophoridæ, [5]
• Horr, Ella, [47]
• Horse, [117], [122], [127], [261], [295], [324], [327], [333], [334], [358], [367], [374], [378], [385], [405]
  • (See Equus)
• Horses, [7], [11], [13], [16], [66], [93], [159], [263], [336], [362]
  • (See Equidæ)
• Hot Springs, Virginia, [114]
• Howell, Michigan, [81]
• Huard, V. A., [21]
• Hubbard, Bela, [82]
• Hubbard, O. P., [48]
• Hudson River, [294], [296]
• Human remains, [381], [390]
• Hunt, C. A., [135]
• Hunt, J. G., [59]
• Hunter, T. W., [44], [128], [182], [243], [271], [405]
• Hurd, A., [104], [176]
• Huron Co., Ohio, [31], [136], [257]
• Hyænidæ, [5]
• Hyænognathus, [15]
• Hydrochœrus, [14], [15];
  • H. æsopi, [363];
  • H. pinckneyi, [363], [364], [365], fig. 18;
  • H. robustus, [382]
• Idaho, [15]
• Idaho formation, [8], [15], [377], [378]
• Ilingoceros, [15]
• Illinoian drift, [12], [328], [339], [340];
  • in Illinois, [335];
  • in Indiana, [333];
  • on Long Island, [295];
  • in New England, [290];
  • in Ohio, [324], [325], [326]
• Illinoian ice-sheet, [332]
• Illinoian stage, [2], [7], [12], [14], [393];
  • in Illinois, [335];
  • in Indiana, [333];
  • in New England, [290];
  • in Ohio, [324], [325], [326];
  • on Long Island, [295];
  • in Kentucky, [400], [402]
• Illinois, [14], [33];
  • Bison bison in, [268];
  • Castoroides in, [278];
  • Cervus canadensis in, [239];
  • Elephas columbi in, [152];
  • Elephas primigenius in, [140];
  • Elephas sp. indet. in, [175];
  • Equidæ in, [187];
  • extinct bisons in, [259];
  • geology of, [334];
  • mastodons in, [100];
  • musk-oxen in, [253];
  • Odocoileus in, [229];
  • Rangifer in, [246];
  • Tagassuidæ in, [218];
  • Xenarthra in, [33]
• Illiopolis, Illinois, [102]
• Indian Creek Township, Pulaski Co., Indiana, [97]
• Indiana, [14], [32];
  • Bison bison in, [268];
  • Castoroides in, [276];
  • Cervus canadensis in, [238];
  • Elephas columbi in, [151];
  • Elephas primigenius in, [138];
  • Elephas sp. indet. in, [171];
  • Equidæ in, [186];
  • extinct bisons in, [257];
  • geology of, [331];
  • mastodons in, [88];
  • musk-oxen in, [251];
  • Odocoileus in, [228];
  • Tagassuidæ in, [216];
  • Tapiridæ in, [203];
  • Xenarthra in, [32]
• Indianapolis, Indiana, [92]
• Inland Waterway Canal, Florida, [37], [122], [157], [158];
  • North Carolina, [117], [145]
• Insects in Scarboro beds, Ontario, [283];
  • in Port Kennedy Cave, Pennsylvania, [317]
• Interglacial deposits, [283]
• Inwood, New York, [49]
• Ionia Co., Michigan, [215]
• Iowa, [2], [15]
• Iowan drift, [343]
• Iowan loess, [336]
• Iowan stage, [14], [283]
• Irondequoit River, [131]
• Iroquois beach, [285]
• Iroquois Co., Illinois, [106]
• Ischyrhiza mira, [363]
• Ischyrosmilus sp. indet., [8]
• Istiophorus robustus, [363]
• Isobases in glaciated region, [291]
• Isurus sp. indet., [381]
• Ithaca, New York, [57]
• Ivanhoe, Virginia, [14], [34], [190], [204], [221], [231], [260]
• Jabiru weillsi, [382]
• Jackson, J. B. S., [67]
• Jackson, Mississippi, [124]
• Jackson Co., Florida, [121], [374];
  • Indiana, [89];
  • Michigan, [151];
  • Ohio, [147], [168]
• Jackson Township, Miami Co., Indiana, [98];
  • Wood Co., Ohio, [78];
  • York Co., Pennsylvania, [69], [324]
• Jacksonburg, Indiana, [94]
• Jacksonville, North Carolina, [116], [358]
• Jaquet River, New Brunswick, [289]
• Jamaica, New York, [49]
• Jameco gravels, [14]
• James Bay, Canada, [166]
• Jamestown, New York, [63], [236], [267];
  • Indiana, [277]
• Jasper County, Indiana, [96], [174], [239], [268]
• Jay County, Indiana, [95], [238]
• Jefferson Co., Indiana, [138];
  • Kentucky, [129];
  • Mississippi, [125];
  • Tennessee, [127], [209], [223]
• Jefferson, T., [34], [161], [255]
• Jeffries Reef, New Hampshire, [25]
• Jelly, S., [130]
• Jersey, Ohio, [136]
• Jerseyan drift, [14]
• Jo Daviess Co., Illinois, [34], [178], [218], [269]
• Johns Island, South Carolina, [192], [363]
• Johnson, F., [86]
• Johnston, W. A., [22], [287], [288]
• Jones, A. C., [114]
• Jones, L., [79]
• Jones and Orahood, [92]
• Jones Co., North Carolina, [116]
• Juliette, Florida, [121]
• Kalamazoo moraine, [330]
• Kamms, Ohio, [136]
• Kane Co., Illinois, [109], [110], [240], [269]
• Kankakee Lake, Indiana, [278];
  • Kankakee Marsh, Indiana, [96], [97], [100]
• Kansan drift, [12], [339], [340], [344];
  • in Illinois, [335];
  • in New England, [290];
  • in New Jersey, [300];
  • in Ohio, [324]
• Kansan stage, [2], [7], [8], [14], [302], [307], [323], [355]
• Katz, F. J., [290]
• Keenes Station, New York, [183]
• Kemp, J. E., [142]
• Kendall Co., Illinois, [109], [143], [229], [240], [269]
• Kennebec Co., Maine, [23]
• Kent Co., Michigan, [83]
• Kenton Co., Kentucky, [128]
• Kent Scientific Museum, Michigan, [83], [250]
• Kentucky, [43];
  • Bison bison in, [270];
  • Cervus canadensis in, [243];
  • Elephas columbi in, [160];
  • Elephas primigenius in, [146];
  • Elephas sp. indet. in, [181];
  • Equidæ in, [202];
  • extinct bisons in, [265];
  • geology of, [400];
  • mastodons in, [128];
  • musk-oxen in, [255];
  • Odocoileus in, [234];
  • Rangifer in, [247];
  • Tapiridæ in, [209];
  • Xenarthra in, [43]
• Kewanee, Illinois, [142]
• Kimmswick, Missouri, [12], [14]
• Kings Co., New York, [49]
• Kingsford, Florida, [159], [196], [379]
• Kingsport, Tennessee, [394]
• Kingston, Ontario, [235]
• Kirsch, A. M., [100]
• Kishacoquillas Station, Pennsylvania, [69]
• Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, [27], [29], [360]
• Klippart, J. H., [70], [71], [74], [75], [76], [79], [186], [214]
• Klipstein, L. F., [119]
• Knapp, G. N., [300]
• Knopf, A., [7]
• Knowlton, S. D., [124]
• Knox Co., Illinois, [104];
  • Indiana, [90], [258];
  • Maine, [23]
• Knoxville, Ohio, [227];
  • Tennessee, [127], [395]
• Kosciusko Co., Indiana, [278]
• Kost, J., [275]
• Kouts, Indiana, [100], [239]
• Kümmel, H. B., [28], [300]
• Labelle, Florida, [40], [163], [199], [264]
• La Brea, California, [15]
• Lafayette formation, [14], [16], [345], [347], [356], [386], [391]
• Lagomys palatina, [312]
• Lagrange, Indiana, [99]
• Lagrange Co., Indiana, [99]
• Lagrange moraine, [99]
• Lake Algonquin, [87], [171]
• Lake Bonneville, [11]
• Lake-border moraines in Michigan, [83], [330]
• Lake Champlain, [20], [22], [291]
• Lake Chicago, [333]
• Lake Co., Indiana, [99], [140], [174], [239]
• Lake George, New York, [132]
• Lake Iroquois, [131]
• Lake Lahontan, Nevada, [15]
• Lake Lundy, [87]
• Lake Maumee, [78], [81], [86], [87], [88], [171], [276], [326], [333]
• Lake Rouge, [87]
• Lake Saginaw, [276]
• Lake Warren, [79], [84], [87], [326], [329]
• Lake Wayne, [87]
• Lake Whittlesey, [136]
• Laketon, Indiana, [98], [218]
• Lambe, L. M., [17], [22], [147]
• Lamna sp. indet., [370]
• Lanark Co., Ontario, [17]
• Lane, A. C., [81], [82], [83], [86], [137], [171]
• Lane’s Creek, Maryland, [112], [349]
• Langford, G., [107], [108], [109], [229], [240], [241], [269], [337]
• Lansing moraine, [171]
• Lapeer Co., Michigan, [276]
• Lapham, I. A., [83]
• Larix laricina, [85]
• Larus vero, [382];
  • L. sp. indet., [382]
• LaSalle Co., Illinois, [229]
• Lathrop, S. P., [105]
• Lavaca Bay, Texas, [15]
• Lawrence Co., Indiana, [217]
• Lawrenceburg, Indiana, [91]
• Lawson, P. V., [340]
• Lea, I., [303]
• Lead region, Illinois, [240];
  • Wisconsin, [230], [342]
• Le Baron, J. F., [163]
• Le Conte, J. L., [218], [278]
• Leda clays, [14], [287], [288], [289]
• Ledoux, A. R., [28], [31]
• Lee, C. A., [52]
• Leech, A. F., [86]
• Lee Co., Florida, [40], [163], [199], [383];
  • Illinois, [153];
  • South Carolina, [119], [367]
• Leidy, J., [26], [29], [32], [34], [35], [37], [39], [40], [41], [42], [68], [116], [117], [118], [119], [125], [133], [144], [155], [157], [160], [164], [168], [184], [185], [186], [187], [191], [192], [193], [195], [196], [203], [204], [206], [207], [208], [209], [211], [213], [216], [221], [223], [224], [227], [228], [232], [233], [237], [242], [245], [246], [249], [254], [256], [257], [260], [263], [264], [265], [267], [268], [269], [272], [278], [279], [309], [359], [361], [362], [363], [364], [369], [375], [380], [391]
• Leidy and Lucas, [375]
• Leighton, M. M., [142], [339]
• Lemont, Illinois, [230]
• Lenawee Co., Michigan, [80], [227], [237], [275]
• Lepisosteus osseus, [363], [366];
  • L. platystomus, [382]
• Lepomis sp. indet., [336]
• Leporidæ, [312]
• Leptochœrus, [14]
• Lepus americanus, [350], [395];
  • L. benjamini, [9];
  • L. sp. indet., [321], [350];
  • L. sylvaticus, [310], [311], [312], [343]
• Leroy, New York, [61]
• Leverett, F., [12], [13], [88], [89], [93], [94], [95], [97], [98], [99], [104], [105], [110], [134], [139], [140], [142], [143], [152], [169], [174], [175], [177], [230], [249], [250], [251], [253], [258], [274], [278], [283], [292], [307], [324], [327], [330], [331], [333], [334], [335], [355], [400], [402]
• Leverett and Taylor, [81], [82], [83], [84], [87], [171], [278], [284]
• Levy Co., Florida, [37], [121], [195], [211], [224], [375]
• Lewis Co., New York, [56]
• Lewis and Kümmel, [67], [300]
• Lewis and Wright, [307]
• Lewiston, New York, [132]
• Liberty Township, Putnam Co., Ohio, [77]
• Licking Co., Ohio, [75], [136]
• Lima moraine, [326]
• Lincke, F. A., [32]
• Lincoln Co., Ontario, [46], [147], [166];
  • Tennessee, [128]
• Lindemuth, A. C., [136], [170]
• Lindgren, [7]
• Line, I. E., [60]
• Linton, E., [70], [133], [135]
• Lisbon, Ohio, [70], [215], [328]
• Litchfield, Connecticut, [48]
• Little Charles Apopka Creek, Florida, [163]
• Little River, Florida, [121]
• Little Salt Creek, Ohio, [168]
• Livingston Co., Kentucky, [129];
  • Michigan, [81];
  • New York, [60], [236]
• Lockwood, S., [65], [66]
• Lodi, New York, [58]
• Loess, [14];
  • in Mississippi, [389], [390];
  • in Tennessee, [394];
  • in Wisconsin, [341]
• Logan Co., Ohio, [75]
• Logan, W. E., [22], [62], [147], [167], [284], [288]
• Logansport, Indiana, [278]
• London, Ontario, [45]
• Lone Pine, Pennsylvania, [133], [323]
• Lone Rock, Wisconsin, [111]
• Long Branch, New Jersey, [12], [15], [26], [28], [31], [65], [304], [306]
• Long Island, New York, [14], [295], [296], [298];
  • Ungava, [166]
• Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, [43], [201], [209], [395], [396]
• Loomis, F. B., [58], [118], [119]
• Loramie moraine, [326]
• Los Angeles, California, [15]
• Losantville, Indiana, [94]
• Louisiana, [386]
• Louisville, Kentucky, [129]
• Lowell, Indiana, [99]
• Lucas, F. A., [52], [112], [144], [154], [166], [212], [345]
• Lucas Co., Ohio, [77], [78]
• Ludlow, Kentucky, [128]
• Lull, R. S., [48], [54], [74]
• Lump-sucker, [23]
• Lutra canadensis, [382];
  • L. rhoadsii, [312], [314]
• Luzerne Co., Pennsylvania, [68], [184], [248], [256], [308]
• Lyell, C., [24], [25], [26], [36], [56], [60], [62], [67], [71], [120], [125], [169], [193], [270], [328], [370], [371], [390], [401]
• Lynx calcaratus, [312], [316];
  • L. canadensis, [310];
  • L. ruffus, [314], [363], [364];
  • L. ruffus floridanus, [382];
  • L. sp. indet., [350]
• Macedon, New York, [58]
• Mace’s Bay, New Brunswick, [19]
• Machairodontinæ, [5]
• Machairodus floridanus, [38], [224];
  • M. gracilis, [312]
• Mackinaw trout, [112]
• Macomb Co., Michigan, [86], [171]
• Macon Co., Illinois, [102], [229], [239], [269]
• Macrochelys floridana, [381]
• MacCurdy, H. M., [85]
• Macy, Indiana, [97], [278]
• Madison, J., [113], [114]
• Madison, Indiana, [138];
  • Wisconsin, [111]
• Madison Co., Illinois, [33], [102], [187], [219], [254], [259], [270], [279];
  • Indiana, [93], [277];
  • New York, [272]
• Mahan, West Virginia, [254]
• Mahoning Co., Ohio, [249]
• Maine, [14];
  • Pinnipedia in, [23]
• Mallotus villosus, [23], [287], [288]
• Mammoth Ravine, Natchez, Mississippi, [390]
• Mammut, [14], [15], [45], [327]
• Mammut americanum, [11], [43], [60], [68], [75], [112], [113], [117], [118], [121], [122], [123], [126], [128], [156], [160], [162], [165], [189], [193], [200], [232], [253], [256], [260], [262], [265], [283], [295], [298], [304], [312], [321], [327], [328], [337], [338], [339], [342], [343], [347], [350], [352], [353], [354], [357], [358], [360], [363], [366], [370], [371], [374], [375], [376], [378], [379], [381], [382], [384], [385], [392], [393], [395], [396], [401], [403]
• Mammut americanum in Alabama, [124];
  • Cape Breton Island, [46];
  • Connecticut, [47];
  • Florida, [121];
  • Georgia, [120];
  • Illinois, [100];
  • Indiana, [88], [334];
  • Kentucky, [128];
  • Maryland, [112];
  • Massachusetts, [47];
  • Michigan, [80];
  • Mississippi, [124];
  • New Jersey, [63], [301], [304];
  • New York, [48], [296];
  • North Carolina, [115];
  • Ohio, [45], [73], [329];
  • Ontario, [45], [284];
  • Pennsylvania, [68], [323], [324];
  • South Carolina, [118];
  • Tennessee, [127];
  • Virginia, [113];
  • West Virginia, [115];
  • Wisconsin, [110]
• Mammut progenium, [45], [71], [107], [116], [118], [123], [126], [359], [360], [363], [364], [380]
• Manasquan, New Jersey, [304]
• Manatee, Florida, [379]
• Manatee Co., Florida, [145], [159], [164], [197], [222], [233], [263], [379]
• Manatee River, Florida, [164]
• Manatus antiquus, [375]
• Manchester, Michigan, [250], [331]
• Manigault, G. E., [35]
• Manito, Illinois, [103], [253]
• Mannetto gravels, [15]
• Mannington Township, Salem Co., New Jersey, [63]
• Manse, G. C., [184]
• Mansfield, W. C., [383]
• Mantanzas, Florida, [158]
• Maple, H. B., [77]
• Maple Park, Illinois, [110]
• Marburg, Ontario, [45]
• Marcy, Ohio, [230]
• Marianna, Florida, [121], [374]
• Marine fossils in Ontario, [286], [291]
• Marine mollusks, [16], [357];
  • in North Carolina, [358], [360];
  • Portland, Maine, [24];
  • South Carolina, [362];
  • in Talbot, [351];
  • at Vero, Florida, [383]
• Marion Co., Florida, [38], [121], [122], [158], [162], [196], [207], [224], [225], [233], [262], [263], [378];
  • Illinois, [102];
  • Indiana, [92]
• Marlboro, New Jersey, [65]
• Marmota, [397], [398];
  • M. arizonæ, [9];
  • M. monax, [310], [311], [339], [343], [348], [350], [353], [395]
• Marsh, O. C., [11], [34], [54], [56], [214], [259], [338]
• Marshall Hall, Maryland, [188], [348]
• Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, [15], [26], [183]
• Martin, C. C., [143]
• Martin, D. S., [49]
• Martin Co., Indiana, [89], [172]
• Maryland, [16];
  • Cervus canadensis in, [242];
  • Elephas columbi in, [154];
  • Elephas primigenius in, [144];
  • Elephas sp. indet. in, [178];
  • Equidæ in, [188];
  • extinct bisons in, [259];
  • geology of, [344];
  • mastodons in, [112];
  • Odocoileus in, [230];
  • Tapiridæ in, [204];
  • Tagassuidæ in, [260]
• Mason Co., Illinois, [103], [253];
  • West Virginia, [190]
• Massillon, Ohio, [80]
• Massachusetts, [14], [25];
  • Bison bison in, [266];
  • Equidæ in, [183];
  • mastodons in, [47];
  • Pinnipedia in, [25]
• Mastodon, [36], [43], [111], [184], [208], [219], [225], [226], [233], [240], [265], [269], [274], [289], [308], [312], [323], [344], [349], [354], [355], [362], [399]
  • (See Mammut)
• Mastodon floridanus, [121], [195];
  • M. giganteus, [48], [118], [120], [261], [390], [391];
  • M. maximus, [54], [119];
  • M. mirificus, [8];
  • M. obscurus, [118]
• Mastodons, [16], [45], [48], [294], [306], [331], [390];
  • in Alabama, [124];
  • in Cape Breton Island, [46];
  • in Connecticut, [47];
  • in Florida, [121];
  • in Georgia, [120];
  • in Illinois, [100];
  • in Indiana, [88];
  • in Kentucky, [128];
  • in Michigan, [80];
  • in North Carolina, [115];
  • in New Jersey, [63];
  • in New York, [48], [296];
  • in Maryland, [112];
  • in Massachusetts, [47];
  • in Mississippi, [124];
  • in Ohio, [70];
  • in Ontario, [45];
  • in Pennsylvania, [68];
  • in South Carolina, [118];
  • in Tennessee, [127];
  • in Virginia, [113];
  • in West Virginia, [115];
  • in Wisconsin, [110]
  • (see Mammut)
• Mather, C., [53], [55], [66]
• Mather, K. F., [7]
• Mather, W. W., [147], [168]
• Mathers, M. F., [172]
• Matson, G. C., [372], [384], [385]
• Matson and Clapp, [15]
• Matthew, G. F., [21]
• Matthew, G. W., [289]
• Matthew, W. D., [92], [97], [224], [377]
• Maury Co., Tennessee, [181]
• Maxwell, J. B., [67]
• Maysville, North Carolina, [116], [358]
• McAdams, W., [12], [34], [102], [175], [187], [246], [254], [259], [270], [279], [338]
• McCallie, S. W., [127], [394], [396]
• McCaslin, D. S., [95], [238]
• McGee, W. J., [14], [16], [125], [180], [356], [368], [389], [391]
• McKay, C. L., [83]
• McKinney, C. B., [92]
• McQuiston, R., [84]
• Meadville, Pennsylvania, [168]
• Medina Co., Ohio, [79]
• Megalonyx, [2], [4], [11], [14], [15], [31], [32], [33], [42], [128], [175], [187], [217], [233], [265], [280], [313], [333], [334], [391], [398], [400], [405];
  • M. dissimilis, [34], [41], [352], [353], [391], [392], [393];
  • M. jeffersonii, [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [125], [204], [228], [234], [257], [269], [336], [339], [343], [353], [354], [363], [366], [367], [381], [382], [385], [390], [391], [392], [393], [395], [399], [403], [405];
  • M. laqueatus, [42], [44];
  • M. loxodon, [31], [312], [313];
  • M. scalper, [31], [312];
  • M. sp. indet., [38], [40], [321];
  • M. tortulus, [31], [312];
  • M. wheatleyi, [31], [312]
• Megalonyx zone, [11]
• Megaptera, boöps, [17], [19], [284], [288];
  • M. longimana, [17]
• Megatheriidæ, [5], [312]
• Megatherium, [9], [12], [14], [15], [35], [36], [37], [66], [150], [157], [172], [232], [243], [261], [304], [367], [372], [380], [392];
  • M. mirabile, [28], [31], [37], [38], [362], [363], [369], [370], [371], [375];
  • M. sp. indet., [121]
• Meleagridæ, [312]
• Meleagris altus, [312];
  • M. gallopavo, [310], [311];
  • M. superbus, [312];
  • M. sylvestris, [310], [311];
  • M. sp. indet., [321]
• Memphis, Tennessee, [43], [128], [280], [395], [400]
• Menomonie, Wisconsin, [111], [230], [247], [343]
• Menomonie formation, Wisconsin, [344]
• Mephitis fossidens, [312];
  • M. leptops, [312];
  • M. mephitica, [310], [311];
  • M. obtusa, [312];
  • M. orthostica, [312];
  • M. putida, [310], [311], [312], [314];
  • M. sp. indet., [321]
• Mercer, H. C., [42], [43], [209], [223], [256], [309], [316], [317], [318], [319], [396], [397], [398], [399]
• Mercer Co., Kentucky, [202];
  • New Jersey, [64], [132], [246], [267], [304]
• Mergus serrator, [336]
• Merriam, C. H., [56], [183], [184], [236]
• Merriam, J. C., [15]
• Metaxytherium floridanum, [379]
• Metis, Quebec, [19]
• Miami Co., Indiana, [97], [98], [278];
  • Ohio, [74]
• Miami River, Florida, [384]
• Michigan, Castoroides in, [275];
  • Cervus canadensis in, [237];
  • Elephas columbi in, [151];
  • Elephas primigenius in, [137];
  • Elephas sp. indet. in, [171];
  • geology of, [330];
  • mastodons in, [80];
  • musk-oxen in, [250];
  • Odocoileus in, [227];
  • Tagassuidæ in, [215]
• Mickleborough, J., [52]
• Microtus chrotorrhinus, [350];
  • M. dideltus, [312];
  • M. diluvianus, [312];
  • M. involutus, [312];
  • M. pennsylvanicus, [310], [348], [395];
  • M. sp. indet., [343];
  • M. speothen, [312]
• Middle River, Cape Breton Island, [46]
• Middlesex Co., Ontario, [45], [235]
• Middleton, W. G., [258]
• Middletown, New Jersey, [149]
• Mifflin Co., Pennsylvania, [69], [213]
• Milan, Illinois, [104]
• Miller, A. M., [210], [223], [405]
• Miller, B. L., [178], [351], [355], [356]
• Miller, G. S., [5], [314]
• Miller, J. W., [115]
• Millersburg, Ohio, [32]
• Millport, Ohio, [135]
• Mills, W. C., [70], [74], [80], [135], [215], [273]
• Milroy, Pennsylvania, [213], [324]
• Milwaukee, Wisconsin, [143], [340]
• Milwaukee Co., Wisconsin, [241]
• Milwaukee Public Museum, [110], [111], [241]
• Minoa, New York, [131]
• Miocene, [10]
• Missinaibi River, Ontario, [46]
• Mississinawa moraine, [95], [96], [330]
• Mississippi, [40];
  • Castoroides in, [280];
  • Elephas sp. indet. in, [180];
  • Equidæ in, [200];
  • extinct bisons in, [264];
  • geology of, [385];
  • mastodons in, [124];
  • musk-oxen in, [254];
  • Odocoileus in, [233];
  • Tapiridæ in, [208];
  • Xenarthra in, [40]
• Mississippi River, [386]
• Missouri, [14]
• Mitchell, E., [117], [179], [358]
• Mitchell, Illinois, [270]
• Mitchellville, Maryland, [188], [348]
• Mitchill, S. L., [36], [50], [66], [69], [89], [113], [125], [149], [154], [184], [245], [401]
• Mitchill, Smith, and Cooper, [28]
• Mixon’s bone-bed, [121], [195], [224]
• Mock, M. G., [91], [93], [173], [174]
• Mohawk River, [296], [298]
• Mollusca in Hartman’s Cave, [310];
  • in loess at Natchez, [390], [392]
• Mollusks, Pleistocene, [52], [82], [94], [106], [107]
• Monday’s Landing, Kentucky, [202], [405]
• Monmouth Co., New Jersey, [28], [31], [65], [149], [184], [213], [227], [237], [304]
• Monodon monoceros, [19], [289]
• Monongalia Co., West Virginia, [115]
• Monrovia, Indiana, [152]
• Monroe, New York, [50]
• Monroe Co., Michigan, [87];
  • Mississippi, [234];
  • New York, [59], [131], [212];
  • Pennsylvania, [185], [213], [227], [237], [246], [272]
• Montauk drift, [290]
• Montcalm, Michigan, [82]
• Montgomery, New York, [52], [53]
• Montgomery Co., Indiana, [92], [173];
  • Ohio, [71], [72], [135], [274];
  • Pennsylvania, [31], [69], [185], [203], [213], [256]
• Montreal, Quebec, [17], [18], [22];
  • geology of, [288]
• Montville, Ohio, [170]
• Moore, J., [72], [94], [258], [274], [276], [277]
• Moorland, Michigan, [83], [250], [331]
• Moose, [229]
  • (See Alces)
• Moose River, Ontario, [46]
• Moose River, interglacial beds, [283]
• Moraines in Illinois, [332]
• Morgan Co., Indiana, [152]
• Morgantown, West Virginia, [115]
• Morotherium leptonyx, [8]
• Morpeth, Ontario, [45]
• Morrisania, New York, [49]
• Morris, Illinois, [108]
• Morrow Co., Ohio, [75]
• Mosses, [72]
• Mossy Creek, Tennessee, [127], [395], [396]
• Mott’s Corners, New York, [57]
• Moultrie Co., Illinois, [268]
• Mount, H. D., [113]
• Mount Gilead, Ohio, [75]
• Mount Healthy, Ohio, [135]
• Mount Hermon, New Jersey, [306]
• Mount Holly, Vermont, [148]
• Mulberry, Florida, [211], [380]
• Mullica Hill, New Jersey, [64], [301]
• Muncie, Indiana, [93], [174]
• Muskegon Co., Michigan, [83], [250]
• Muskingum Co., Ohio, [70], [134], [169], [273]
• Musk-ox, [308], [355]
• Musk-oxen, [13], [248];
  • in Grinnell Land, [248];
  • in Illinois, [253];
  • in Indiana, [251];
  • in Kentucky, [255];
  • in Michigan, [250];
  • in Mississippi, [254];
  • in New Jersey, [248];
  • in Ohio, [249];
  • in West Virginia, [254]
• Musk-rat, [337]
• Mustela diluviana, [312], [314];
  • M. noveboracensis, [310];
  • M. vison, [350]
• Mustelidæ, [312]
• Mycteria americana, [382]
• Myer, W. E., [225], [399]
• Myliobatis sp. indet., [381]
• Mylodon, [2], [4], [11], [14], [15], [36], [38], [122], [157], [209], [217], [264], [265], [333], [372];
  • M. harlani, [31], [37], [39], [41], [43], [44], [158], [225], [312], [313], [363], [370], [371], [375], [382], [384], [391], [392], [393], [395], [399], [403];
  • M. renidens, [43];
  • M. sp. indet., [43], [395], [397];
  • M. sulcidens, [43]
• Mylohyus, [14];
  • M. exortivus, [220], [348], [350];
  • M. nasutus, [213], [215], [216], [217], [220], [221], [223], [306], [312], [313], [328], [348], [353], [395];
  • M. obtusidens, [220], [348];
  • M. pennsylvanicus, [213], [214], [215], [220], [310], [312], [321], [350];
  • M. setiger, [201], [223], [394], [395];
  • M. tetragonus, [213], [312], [313];
  • M. sp. indet., [9], [382]
• Myotis sp. indet., [312], [313], [350];
  • M. subulatus, [310], [398]
• Myxophagus spelæus, [353]
• Napæozapus sp. indet., [350]
• Naperville, Illinois, [109], [279]
• Nash Co., North Carolina, [117]
• Nashport, Ohio, [70], [169], [273], [327]
• Nashville, Tennessee, [43], [127], [201], [225], [395], [399]
• Nassau Co., Florida, [180], [194];
  • New York, [49]
• Natchez, Mississippi, [14], [40], [125], [180], [200], [208], [233], [254] 264, [280], [386], [389]
• Natchez formation, [385], [392]
• National Institute, Washington, [36]
• Natrix sp. indet., [314]
• Navesink Hills, New Jersey, [66], [184], [305]
• Neals, Florida, [121], [195], [206], [232]
• Neave Township, Darke Co., Ohio, [73]
• Nebraska, [15]
• Nebraskan drift, [2], [7], [8], [10];
  • on Long Island, New York, [295];
  • in New England, [290]
• Nebraskan stage, [15], [368], [378], [380];
  • in Florida, [374];
  • in North Carolina, [359], [361];
  • in Pennsylvania, [323]
• Needham, J. G., [110]
• Neelytown, New York, [53]
• Nelson, W. A., [127], [128]
• Neofiber alleni, [382]
• Neotoma, [397], [398];
  • N. cinerea, [9];
  • N. floridana, [310], [311], [353], [382];
  • N. magister, [310], [348], [398];
  • N. pennsylvanica, [311], [395];
  • N. sp. indet., [350]
• Nepean Township, Carleton Co., Ontario, [17]
• Neuberts Springs, Tennessee, [127]
• Neuse River, North Carolina, [12], [16], [117], [179], [191], [231], [242], [358]
• New Albany, Indiana, [89]
• New Antrim, New York, [50]
• New Berlin, Ohio, [136]
• New Bern, Alabama, [200], [264], [385]
• Newbern, North Carolina, [12], [20], [116], [179], [191], [231], [242], [358]
• Newberry, J. S., [79], [170]
• Newberry, Florida, [195];
  • formation, [372]
• Newberry Lake, [298]
• Newberry Terrace, Florida, [375]
• New Britain, Connecticut, [48]
• New Brunswick, cetaceans in, [19];
  • geology of, [289];
  • Pinnipedia in, [21]
• Newburgh, New York, [51]
• New Dorp, New York, [48]
• New England, geology of, [290];
  • post-Wisconsin uplift, [290]
• New Hampshire, [25];
  • glaciation of, [290];
  • Pinnipedia in, [25]
• New Hanover Co., North Carolina, [155]
• New Harmony, Indiana, [88]
• New Haven, Connecticut, [244]
• New Haven Co., Connecticut, [47], [244]
• New Holland, Ohio, [74]
• New Hudson, New York, [236]
• New Jersey, [13], [14], [15], [26], [31]
• New Jerseyan drift, [15]
• New Jersey, Bison bison in, [267];
  • Cervus canadensis in, [237];
  • Elephas columbi in, [149];
  • Elephas primigenius in, [132];
  • Equidæ in, [184];
  • geology of, [299];
  • mastodons in, [63];
  • musk-oxen in, [248];
  • Odocoileus in, [226];
  • Rangifer in, [245];
  • Tagassuidæ in, [213];
  • Xenarthra in, [31]
• New Knoxville, Ohio, [274]
• New Madison, Ohio, [73]
• New Milford, Illinois, [105]
• New Paris, Ohio, [72]
• New River, Virginia, [353]
• New Salisbury, Ohio, [203], [328]
• Newport, Kentucky, [182]
• Newton Co., Indiana, [96], [239], [252]
• New Windsor, New York, [51]
• New York, [14];
  • Bison bison in, [266], [267];
  • Cervus canadensis in, [235];
  • Castoroides in, [272];
  • Elephas columbi in, [149];
  • Elephas primigenius in, [131];
  • Elephas sp. indet. in, [167];
  • Equidæ in, [183];
  • geology of, [294];
  • mastodons in, [48];
  • Odocoileus in, [226];
  • Rangifer in, [245];
  • Tagassuidæ in, [212]
• New York City, [50]
• New York Co., New York, [183]
• New York State Museum, [50]
• Niagara, New York, [62]
• Niagara Co., New York, [62], [132]
• Niagara Falls, interglacial beds, [283], [285]
• Niantic, Illinois, [102], [229], [239], [269]
• Nicholas Co., Kentucky, [44], [128], [182], [234], [243], [271]
• Nipissing Co., Ontario, [266]
• Niver, Roe, [31]
• Noble Co., Indiana, [95]
• Noblesville, Indiana, [173]
• Norfolk Co., Ontario, [45]
• North Bay, Ontario, [266]
• North Carolina, [15], [29];
  • Cervus canadensis in, [242];
  • cetaceans in, [20];
  • Elephas columbi in, [155];
  • Elephas primigenius in, [145];
  • Elephas sp. indet. in, [179];
  • Equidæ in 190;
  • geology of, [355];
  • mastodons in, [115];
  • Odocoileus in, [231];
  • Pinnipedia in, [29]
• North Fairfield, Ohio, [31], [257]
• North Liberty, Indiana, [139]
• North Manchester, Indiana, [98]
• North Plainfield, New Jersey, [133], [306]
• Norton, A. H., [23], [24]
• Norton, S., [23]
• Notre Dame, Indiana, [100]
• Notre Dame University, Indiana, [100]
• Nova Scotia, geology of, [289];
  • Pinnipedia in, [21]
• Nunda, New York, [60]
• Oak Park, Illinois, [177]
• Oberlin College, Ohio, [79], [123]
• Ocala, Florida, [15], [38], [158], [196], [207], [224], [233], [262], [378]
• Ocean Grove, New Jersey, [28]
• Ochotona, [316];
  • O. palatina, [312];
  • O. princeps, [350]
• Ochotonidæ, [312]
• Odobenus virginianus, [26];
  • O. rosmarus, [25], [26], [28], [30], [363]
• Odocoileus, [9], [226], [265];
  • O. dolichopsis, [228], [258], [334];
  • O. lævicornis, [312], [316];
  • O. osceola, [233], [375], [376], [381], [382];
  • O. sellardsiæ, [232], [233], [382];
  • O. sp. indet., [38], [41], [122], [158], [195], [196], [232], [233], [252], [262], [263], [350], [374], [378], [379], [395], [398];
  • O. virginianus, [226], [227], [228], [229], [230], [231], [232], [233], [238], [295], [299], [301], [306], [310], [311], [312], [313], [321], [338], [342], [347], [348], [353], [354], [363], [392], [395], [396], [403], [404];
  • O. whitneyi, [230]
• Odocoileus in Florida, [232];
  • in Illinois, [229];
  • in Indiana, [228];
  • in Kentucky, [234];
  • in Maryland, [230];
  • in Michigan, [227];
  • in Mississippi, [233];
  • in New Jersey, [226];
  • in New York, [226];
  • in North Carolina, [231];
  • in Ohio, [227];
  • in Ontario, [226];
  • in Pennsylvania, [227];
  • in Virginia, [231];
  • in West Virginia, [231];
  • in Wisconsin, [230]
• Ogden, H. B., [161]
• Ogle Co., Illinois, [105], [177]
• Ohio, [14], [31];
  • Ohio City, [77];
  • Ohio Co., West Virginia, [179];
  • Ohio River, [333], [355], [400]
• Ohio, Castoroides in, [273];
  • Elephas columbi in, [150];
  • Elephas primigenius in, [134];
  • Elephas sp. indet. in, [168];
  • Equidæ in, [185];
  • extinct bisons in, [257];
  • geology of, [324];
  • mastodons in, [70];
  • musk-oxen in, [249];
  • Odocoileus in, [227];
  • Tagassuidæ in, [214];
  • Tapiridæ in, [203];
  • Xenarthra in, [31]
• Okefenokee formation, [15], [368], [369]
• Old Fort, Ohio, [78]
• Old Fort Fisher, North Carolina, [359]
• Olive Township, St. Joseph Co., Indiana, [100]
• Olivet, Michigan, [82]
• Olor paloregonus, [8]
• Ondatra sp. indet., [321];
  • O. zibethica, [311], [348], [363]
• Oneida Co., New York, [236]
• Onondaga Co., New York, [131], [266]
• Onslow Co., North Carolina, [116]
• Ontario, [14], [22];
  • Bison bison in, [266];
  • Cervus canadensis in, [235];
  • cetaceans in, [17];
  • Elephas columbi in, [147];
  • Elephas primigenius in, [130];
  • Elephas sp. indet. in, [166];
  • extinct bisons in, [256];
  • geology of, [281];
  • mastodons in, [45];
  • Odocoileus in, [226];
  • Pinnipedia in, [23];
  • Rangifer in, [244];
  • vertebrate fossils in, [284]
• Ontario Co., New York, [58], [236]
• Orange Co., Florida, [196], [378];
  • Indiana, [89];
  • New York, [50], [226], [298]
• Orange sand in Mississippi, [387], [388], [389]
• “Oregon Desert,” Oregon, [15]
• Orizaba, Mississippi, [200], [393]
• Orleans, Indiana, [89];
  • Massachusetts, [266]
• Orleans Co., New York, [62]
• Ortmann, A. E., [303]
• Orton, E., [72], [274]
• Orycterocetus quadratidens, [370]
• Oryzomys palustris, [382]
• Osborn, H. F., [11], [52], [183]
• Oshkosh, Wisconsin, [270]
• Osmerus mordax, [287]
• Osmotherium spelæum, [312]
• Ossining, New York, [245]
• Otisville, New York, [54]
• Ottawa, Canada, fossil vertebrates at, [287]
• Ottawa, Illinois, [229]
• Ottawa East, Ontario, [17]
• Ottawa Co., Quebec, [22]
• Ottawa River, [291]
• Ottawa Township, Putnam Co., Ohio, [77]
• Otter Creek, Indiana, [138]
• Overpeck, Ohio, [329]
• Ovis mamillaris, [70], [273]
• Ovibos moschatus, [21], [244], [248], [249], [252], [304], [334]
• Ovis sp. indet., [337], [338], fig. 13
• Owen, D. D., [182], [216], [234]
• Owen, R., [24], [25], [120]
• Owen Co., Indiana, [172];
  • Kentucky, [161]
• Owosso, Michigan, [276], [331]
• Owosso moraine, [85]
• Oxford Neck, Maryland, [144], [154], [230], [242]
• Paarmann, J. A., [104]
• Pablo Beach, Florida, [232], [262], [374]
• Packard, A. S., [23], [24]
• Pains Creek, Florida, [123]
• Pakenham, Ontario, [17]
• Palestine, Ohio, [136]
• Palm Beach, Florida, [123], [160], [200], [264]
• Palm Beach Co., Florida, [123], [200], [264], [384]
• Palma Sola, Florida, [145], [159], [197], [222], [233], [263]
• Palmer, W., [189], [220], [259]
• Palmetto, Florida, [164], [197], [233], [263], [379]
• Palos Park, Illinois, [240]
• Pamlico Co., North Carolina, [179], [231], [242]
• Pamlico formation, [356], [360]
• Panton, J. H., [45], [130]
• Parahippus, [9], [15];
  • P. sp. indet., [195], [196], [376]
• Parke Co., Indiana, [90], [173]
• Parkersburg, West Virginia, [115]
• Parker’s Landing, West Virginia, [349]
• Paterson, H. T., [145]
• Patriot, Indiana, [91]
• Pattison, W. D., [96]
• Pawpaw, Illinois, [153]
• Peabody, C., [189]
• Peace Creek, Florida, [11], [15], [124], [163], [199], [264], [380]
• Peace River, Florida, [164]
• Peale, C. W., [51], [54]
• Peale, R., [51], [53], [54]
• Peccaries, [5], [7], [13], [212], [330], [334]
  • (See Tagassuidæ)
• Peccary, [111], [209], [223], [354], [395], [401]
• Peet, C. E., [291], [300]
• Pekin, Illinois, [176]
• Pelycictis lobulatus, [312]
• Pemberton, New Jersey, [64], [227]
• Pender Co., North Carolina, [115], [357]
• Penhallow, D. P., [282], [283]
• Pennsylvania, [31];
  • Bison bison in, [267];
  • Camelidæ in, [224];
  • Castoroides in, [272];
  • Cervus canadensis in, [237];
  • Elephas columbi in, [150];
  • Elephas primigenius in, [133];
  • Elephas sp. indet. in, [168];
  • Equidæ in, [184];
  • extinct bisons in, [256];
  • geology of, [306];
  • mastodons in, [68];
  • musk-oxen in, [248];
  • Odocoileus in, [227];
  • Rangifer in, [246];
  • Tapiridæ in, [203];
  • Xenarthra in, [31]
• Penn Township, Jay Co., Indiana, [95]
• Pennville, Indiana, [238]
• Penny’s Slough, Illinois, [142]
• Penobscot Bay, [23]
• Pensacola formation, Alabama, [385];
  • Florida, [372], [373]
• Pensacola terrace, Florida, [375]
• Pensauken, New Jersey, [65]
• Pensauken formation, [14], [299], [301], [302], [304]
• Peoria, Illinois, [13], [176]
• Peoria Co., Illinois, [153], [176]
• Peorian deposits in Ohio, [325], [326]
• Peorian loess, [340]
• Peorian soil in Indiana, [93]
• Peorian stage, [2], [13], [283], [335]
• Pepin Co., Wisconsin, [178]
• Perinton, New York, [59], [131]
• Perkins, G. H., [17], [19], [20], [244], [289]
• Perkinsville, New York, [59]
• Peromyscus leucopus, [310], [312], [350], [353]
• Perry Co., Ohio, [215]
• Perthshire, Mississippi, [124]
• Peru, Indiana, [98]
• Pesotum, Illinois, [106]
• Petersburg, Michigan, [87]
• Peterson, O. A., [34], [113], [185], [190], [231], [353]
• Petite Anse, Louisiana, [14], [389]
• Pewaukee, Wisconsin, [241]
• Phinney, A. J., [93], [94], [238]
• Phoca barbata, [21], [244], [248];
  • P. grœnlandica, [18], [21], [22], [23], [287], [288], [289];
  • P. hispida, [21], [244], [248];
  • P. vitulina, [22], [287], [289]
• Phosphate, [10]
• Physeter antiquus, [20];
  • P. vetus, [20], [363], [370]
• Piatt Co., Illinois, [177]
• Picea canadensis, [49];
  • P. mariana, [85]
• Pickaway Co., Ohio, [75], [170]
• Pickaway Plains, Ohio, [75]
• Pickering, C. E., [72]
• Piedmont Plateau, [351]
• Piers, H., [46]
• Pigeon Creek, Indiana, [32], [33]
• Pike, New York, [61]
• Pike Co., Ohio, [70], [134]
• Pinckney, C. C., [205], [365]
• Pinckneyville, Mississippi, [126]
• Pinellas Co., Florida, [159], [378]
• Pinnipedia, [21];
  • in Grinnell Land, [21];
  • in Maine, [23];
  • in Massachusetts, [25];
  • in New Brunswick, [21];
  • in New Hampshire, [25];
  • in New Jersey, [26];
  • in North Carolina, [29];
  • in Nova Scotia, [21];
  • in Ontario, [23];
  • in Quebec, [21];
  • in South Carolina, [29];
  • in Virginia, [28]
• Pitt Co., North Carolina, [117], [191]
• Pittbridge, Texas, [15]
• Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [69], [150], [168], [323]
• Pittsfield Township, Lorain Co., Ohio, [79]
• Pittsford, New York, [59], [131], [212]
• Pittston, Pennsylvania, [68], [184], [248], [256], [308]
• Platygonus, [2], [14], [15];
  • P. compressus, [34], [59], [212], [214], [215], [218], [219], [221], [295], [298], [328], [331], [342], [343], [406];
  • P. cumberlandensis, [219], [220], [339], [348], [350];
  • P. intermedius, [220], [221], [350];
  • P. sp. indet., [354];
  • P. tetragonus, [221], [348];
  • P. vetus, [213], [217], [220], [324], [348], [350]
• Platypeltis ferox, [379]
• Pleas, E., [94]
• Pleasant Township, Wabash Co., Indiana, [174]
• Pleistocene, divisions of, [4];
  • earliest, [7];
  • limits, [1], [7];
  • extinction of species, [6];
  • submergence, [16];
  • terraces, [13];
  • uplifts, [3];
  • evolution of vertebrates, [5]
• Pleistocene geology, [281], [406];
  • of Alabama, [384];
  • Cape Breton Island, [289];
  • of District of Columbia, [344];
  • of Florida, [372];
  • of Georgia, [368];
  • of Illinois, [334];
  • of Indiana, [331];
  • of Kentucky, [400];
  • of Maryland, [344];
  • of Michigan, [330];
  • of Mississippi, [385];
  • of New Brunswick, [289];
  • of New England, [290];
  • of New Jersey, [299];
  • of New York, [294];
  • of North Carolina, [355];
  • of Nova Scotia, [289];
  • of Ohio, [324];
  • of Ontario, [281];
  • of Pennsylvania, [306];
  • of Quebec, [288];
  • of South Carolina, [361];
  • of Tennessee, [393];
  • of Virginia, [351];
  • of West Virginia, [354];
  • of Wisconsin, [340]
• Pliauchenia, [2], [15]
• Pliocene, [1], [10], [15], [37]
• Pliohippus, [2], [9], [15]
• Plummer, J. T., [80], [94], [173]
• Plymouth, Michigan, [87];
  • North Carolina, [191], [360]
• Pohlig, H., [99]
• Point Pleasant, West Virginia, [190]
• Polk Co., Florida, [123], [159], [180], [196], [197], [211], [379]
• Ponto, M. W., [99]
• Pony Hollow, New York, [57]
• Porpoises, [16]
• Porter Co., Indiana, [99], [100], [239], [252]
• Port Hickey formation, Alabama, [385]
• Port Hudson clays, [126], [180];
  • formation, [384], [385];
  • group, [387], [388], [389]
• Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania, [12], [15], [31], [69], [185], [203], [213], [256], [311]
• Port Kennedy Cave, plants and insects of, [317]
• Portland, Maine, [24], [25]
• Portsmouth, New Hampshire, [25]
• Portway, New York, [59]
• Posey Co., Indiana, [88]
• Potholes at Cohoes, New York, [296]
• Poughkeepsie, New York, [55]
• Preble Co., Ohio, [72], [274]
• Pre-Wisconsin drift in New England, [292]
• Prince George Co., Maryland, [178], [188];
  • Virginia, [113]
• Princeton, Indiana, [89]
• Princeton University, New Jersey, [64], [132]
• Procamelus, [8], [9], [15], [121], [376], [377], [378];
  • P. coconinensis, [9];
  • P. longurio, [9];
  • P. major, [9], [121], [224], [375];
  • P. medius, [224], [225];
  • P. minimus, [9], [158], [196], [225], [375], [378];
  • P. minor, [224], [225], [375], [376], [380];
  • P. sp. indet., [8], [37], [225], [376]
• Procyon lotor, [310], [311], [353], [363], [382], [395];
  • P. priscus, [34], [218], [219], [337], [343]
• Protohippus, [2], [8], [15];
  • P. sp. indet., [8]
• Provincial Museum, Halifax, [46]
• Pseudemys cælata, [375], [379];
  • P. extincta, [379];
  • P. floridanus persimilis, [382];
  • P. sp. indet., [363]
• Public Museum, Milwaukee, [97], [143]
• Pugh, G. T., [361], [363], [367]
• Pulaski, Indiana, [96], [140]
• Pusheta Township, Auglaize Co., Ohio, [76]
• Putnam, F. W., [47], [246], [248]
• Putnam Co., Indiana, [91], [173];
  • Ohio, [77]
• Putorius ermineus, [310]
• Quebec, [14], [18];
  • cetaceans in, [18];
  • geology of, [288];
  • Pinnipedia in, [21]
• Queen Anne Co., Maryland, [154], [347]
• Queensbury, New York, [132]
• Queens Co., New York, [49]
• Querquedula floridana, [382]
• Rabbit, [14]
• Racine Co., Wisconsin, [110]
• Racket River, New York, [235], [245]
• Rafinesque, C. S., [129]
• Raisin River, Michigan, [250]
• Rana catesbiana, [322];
  • R. sp. indet., [312]
• Randolph Co., Illinois, [101], [175];
  • Indiana, [94], [139], [228], [238], [252], [277], [334]
• Rangifer, [227], [283], [337];
  • in Connecticut, [244];
  • in eastern North America, [244];
  • in Illinois, [246];
  • in New Jersey, [245];
  • in New York, [245];
  • in Ontario, [244];
  • in Pennsylvania, [246];
  • in Vermont, [244];
  • in Wisconsin, [247]
• Rangifer caribou, [244], [245], [246], [292], [295], [299], [304], [310], [311], [403];
  • R. grœnlandica, [246];
  • R. muscatinensis, [247], [339];
  • R. tarandus, [21], [244], [245], [248]
• Ranidæ, [312]
• Read, M. C., [170]
• Reading, Pennsylvania, [69], [324]
• Recent formation, [345]
• Red Bridge, New York, [55]
• Redfield, W. C., [299]
• Reedsville, Pennsylvania, [69], [324]
• Reindeer, [285], [293]
  • (See Rangifer)
• Renicks, West Virginia, [221]
• Rensselaer, Indiana, [239]
• Rhinoceros, [8], [121], [211];
  • R. longipes, [211];
  • R. proterus, [195], [211]
• Rhinoceroses, [10], [211]
• Rhinocerotidæ, [5], [211]
• Rhoads, S. N., [21], [26], [63], [64], [65], [246], [249], [256]
• Rhode Island, Pleistocene of, [290]
• Rice, F. P., [47]
• Rich Grove Township, Pulaski Co., Indiana, [97]
• Richland Center, Wisconsin, [111]
• Richland Co., South Carolina, [193];
  • Wisconsin, [111]
• Richmond, Indiana, [94], [252], [276], [334];
  • Vermont, [167]
• Richmond Co., New York, [48]
• Ridge, H. L., [43]
• Ridgewood, New York, [49]
• Riegelsville, Pennsylvania, [237], [246], [249], [267]
• Riggs, E. S., [97], [109], [229], [240], [269], [337]
• Rimouski Co., Quebec, [19], [21]
• Ringgold, Washington, [15]
• Riverdale, Michigan, [85]
• Riverhead, New York, [49]
• Rivière du Loup, Quebec, [18]
• Roann, Indiana, [229], [334]
• Roberts, H., [150]
• Robertson, J. D., [122], [207]
• Robinson, M., [100]
• Rochelle, Illinois, [177]
• Rochester, Indiana, [140];
  • New York, [59], [212]
• Rockcastle Co., Kentucky, [223], [406]
• Rockingham Co., Virginia, [114]
• Rock Island, Illinois, [176]
• Rock Island Co., Illinois, [104], [176]
• Rockland Co., New York, [50]
• Rockport, New Jersey, [67]
• Rocky Mount, North Carolina, [117], [360]
• Rogers, H. E., [69]
• Rogersville, Pennsylvania, [150], [322];
  • Tennessee, [127], [201], [222], [394], [395]
• Ross Co., Ohio, [169]
• Rossville, Illinois, [107]
• Roundhead, Ohio, [75]
• Royal Center, Indiana, [97]
• Royerton, Indiana, [94]
• Rural Township, Rock Island Co., Illinois, [104]
• Russell, I. C., [386]
• Russell and Leverett, [88], [237]
• Rutgers College, [55], [63]
• Rutherford, Pennsylvania, [185]
• Rutland, Vermont, [148]
• Saber-tooth tigers, [5], [13], [315]
• Sable Island, Nova Scotia, [21]
• Safely, R., [56]
• Saginaw Co., Michigan, [84], [171]
• St. Augustine, Florida, [15]
• St. Catharines, Ontario, [46], [147], [166]
• St. Clair, Tennessee, [127]
• St. Clair Co., Illinois, [101]
• St. Clements, Maryland, [112], [347]
• St. Elmo formation, Alabama, [385]
• St. Francisville, Illinois, [259]
• St. Helena Island, South Carolina, [118]
• St. John Co., Florida, [37], [122], [158], [194], [375]
• St. Johns, Indiana, [174]; Ohio, [76]
• St. Joseph Co., Indiana, [100], [139]
• St. Lawrence Co., New York, [235], [245]
• St. Lawrence River, [288], [291]
• St. Lucie Co., Florida, [38], [122], [159], [163], [199], [208], [222], [225], [263], [381]
• St. Marks River, Florida, [157]
• St. Mary’s City, Maryland, [112], [347]
• St. Mary’s Co., Maryland, [112]
• St. Mary’s River, Florida, [180], [194]
• St. Petersburg, Florida, [159], [378]
• St. Thomas, Ontario, [45]
• Salamonie moraine, [95]
• Salem Co., New Jersey, [63], [226]
• Saline, Michigan, [88]
• Salisbury, R. D., [67], [300]
• Salisbury and Knapp, [66], [299], [303]
• Salisbury Mills, New York, [51]
• Saltar, J. C., [64]
• Salt Creek, Columbiana Co., Ohio, [186], [327]
• Salt Creek Township, Ohio, [75]
• Saltville, Maryland, [259]
• Saltville, Smyth Co., Virginia, [34], [113], [145], [190], [231], [352]
• Sandoval, Illinois, [102]
• Sandusky, Ohio, [78]
• Sanford, S., [372], [384]
• Sangamon Co., Illinois, [176]
• Sangamon River, [14]
• Sangamon stage, [2], [12], [14], [32], [93], [283], [328], [329], [330], [349], [351], [396], [404];
  • deposits, [325], [326], [333], [340]
• Sangamona, [13], [14], [231], [348], [395], [396]
• San Pablo Beach, Florida, [122]
• Santee Canal, South Carolina, [162]
• Sarasota, Florida, [159], [379]
• Sarasota Bay, Florida, [38], [198]
• Sarasota Co., Florida, [38], [159], [198]
• Satilla formation, [15], [368], [369]
• Savage, T. E., [141]
• Savannah, Georgia, [11], [15], [36], [120], [157], [194], [262], [371]
• Savannah River, [368]
• Saxicava sands, [288]
• Sayles, Ira, [395]
• Scalops, [312];
  • S. aquaticus, [310];
  • S. sp. indet., [314]
• Scalopus aquaticus, [310];
  • S. aquaticus australis, [382];
  • S. sp. indet., [312], [313]
• Scanlan collection, [205]
• Scarboro beds, Ontario, [281], [283]
• Scarboro formation, [226]
• Scarboro Heights, Ontario, [283]
• Schooley’s Mountain, New Jersey, [67], [306]
• Schuchert, C., [48]
• Schultz, A., [220], [348]
• Sciuridæ, [312]
• Sciuropterus alpinus, [350]
• Sciurus calycinus, [312];
  • S. carolinensis, [310], [311], [348];
  • S. hudsonicus, [348], [350];
  • S. panolius, [353];
  • S. sp. indet., [321];
  • S. tenuidens, [348]
• Scolopax sp. indet., [314]
• Scotchtown, New York, [54]
• Scott Co., Kentucky, [210]
• Scottsburg, New York, [60]
• Scudder, S. H., [283]
• Sellards, E. H., [10], [20], [38], [39], [40], [121], [122], [123], [157], [158], [160], [162], [163], [180], [194], [195], [196], [206], [207], [211], [222], [224], [225], [232], [233], [263], [372], [374], [376], [381], [384]
• Selma, Ohio, [136]
• Seneca, Ohio, [78]
• Seneca Castle, New York, [58], [236]
• Seneca Co., New York, [58]
• Seneca Lake, New York, [58], [167]
• Shadeville, Ohio, [75]
• Shaler, N. S., [26], [182], [243], [270], [271], [290], [360], [361], [402]
• Shark River, New Jersey, [213], [306]
• Sharon, Connecticut, [48]
• Shattuck, G. B., [15], [29], [112], [344], [347]
• Shatzer, C. G., [74]
• Shawangunk mastodon, [54]
• Shawangunk, New York, [54]
• Shaw, E. W., [89], [188]
• Shaw, J., [105]
• Shaw and Munn, [307], [323], [354], [355]
• Shaw and Savage, [141]
• Shaw mastodon, [71]
• Shawneetown, Illinois, [100], [278]
• Sheep, [169], [273]
• Shelby Co., Tennessee, [43], [128], [280]
• Shelbyville moraine, [335]
• Sheldon, Pearl, [57], [58]
• Shelburne, Ontario, [130]
• Shepard, C. N., [119]
• Sheridan formation, [11]
• Shetrone, H. C., [74]
• Shiawassee Co., Michigan, [86], [276]
• Shimek, B., [11], [126], [392]
• Shoals, Indiana, [89], [172]
• Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, [47]
• Sidney moraine, [326]
• Sigmodon hispidus, [382];
  • S. sp. indet., [382]
• Sinsinawa, Wisconsin, [111], [342]
• Siren lacertina, [382]
• Skidaway Island, Georgia, [36], [120], [157], [194], [262], [370], [371]
• Skunk, [14]
  • (See Mephitis)
• Sloan, E., [30], [361], [368]
• Smilodon, [14];
  • S. floridanus, [158], [196];
  • S. mercerii, [312]
• Smilodontopsis, [14];
  • S. gracilis, [314];
  • S. mercerii, [312], [314];
  • S. mooreheadi, [348]
• Smith, B., [272]
• Smith, E. A., [384], [386]
• Smith, H. P., [257]
• Smith, L. H., [235]
• Smith, R. A., [87]
• Smith, W. H., [82], [171]
• Smithland, Kentucky, [129]
• Smith’s Falls, Ontario, [17], [289]
• Smyth Co., Virginia, [113], [145], [190], [231], [259]
• Sonora, Ohio, [73]
• Soricidæ, [312]
• Sources of Pleistocene vertebrates, [4]
• South America, connection with, [3]
• South Bloomfield, Ohio, [75], [170]
• South Carolina, [29], [35];
  • Alces in, [363], [364];
  • Castoroides in, [279];
  • Cervus canadensis in, [242];
  • cetaceans in, [20];
  • Elephas columbi in, [155];
  • Elephas imperator in, [162];
  • Equidæ in, [191];
  • extinct bisons in, [260];
  • geology of, [361];
  • Hydrochœrus in, [365];
  • mastodons in, [118];
  • Odocoileus in, [231];
  • Pinnipedia in, [29];
  • Tagassuidæ in, [221];
  • Tapiridæ in, [204];
  • Xenarthra in, [35]
• Southport, North Carolina, [15]
• Sparksville, Indiana, [89]
• Spencer, J. W., [283], [284], [285], [292], [368]
• Spencer Co., Indiana, [33]
• Spilogale putorius, [322], [353]
• Springfield Township, Lucas Co., Ohio, [77], [329]
• Stafford, New York, [61]
• Stahl, J. P., [137]
• Staley, Illinois, [152]
• Stamping Ground, Kentucky, [210]
• Stansfield, J., [17], [288]
• Stanton, Michigan, [82]
• Stark Co., Ohio, [80], [136], [150], [170]
• Starke Co., Indiana, [278]
• Staten Island, New York, [49]
• Stauffer, C. R., [186]
• Staunton, Virginia, [190]
• Steele’s Corners, New York, [236]
• Stegomastodon, [2], [14];
  • S. mirificus, [377]
• Stephenson, L. W., [15], [29], [180], [194], [207], [352], [355], [356], [359], [361], [368], [369]
• Sterling, E., [78], [170]
• Sterling, Illinois, [105]
• Steuben Co., Indiana, [95];
  • New York, [59]
• Steubenville, Ohio, [254], [355]
• Stevenson, J. J., [69], [70]
• Stewartstown, West Virginia, [115], [355]
• Stockholm, Wisconsin, [178]
• Stokes Ferry, Florida, [180], [194], [374]
• Stone, G. N., [25]
• Stone River, South Carolina, [363]
• Stormont Co., Ontario, [18]
• Stose, G. W., [140], [349]
• Stose and Swartz, [346]
• Strathroy, Ontario, [235]
• Stronghurst, Illinois, [152]
• Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, [185], [213], [227], [237], [246], [272]
• Suffolk Co., New York, [49]
• Sullivan, Illinois, [268]
• Sullivan Co., New York, [55];
  • Tennessee, [209]
• Sulphur Springs, Florida, [123]
• Summitville, Indiana, [277]
• Sumter Co., Florida, [158]
• Sumterville, Florida, [158]
• Sunderland formation, [116], [118], [299], [345], [346], [351], [356]
• Sus americanus, [261]
• Susquehanna River, [296]
• Sussex Co., New Jersey, [68]
• Swartzell, J., [214]
• Swartzell, M., [69], [214]
• Swedesboro, New Jersey, [184], [301]
• Switzerland Co., Indiana, [138]
• Sycium cloacinum, [312]
• Sylvilagus floridanus, [310], [311], [312], [313], [337], [343], [348], [353], [363];
  • S. palustris, [382];
  • S. sp. indet., [38], [378], [382]
• Symbos, [14];
  • S. cavifrons, [96], [104], [248], [249], [250], [251], [252], [253], [254], [255], [331], [334], [339], [354], [392], [393], [403], [404];
  • S. promptus, [254];
  • S. sp. indet., [68], [184], [248]
• Synaptomys borealis, [350];
  • S. sp. indet., [350]
• Syracuse, New York, [266]
• Tagassu lenis, [217], [218], [219], [220], [222], [342], [343], [347], [348], [363], [379], [382];
  • T. sp. indet., [222], [363];
  • T. tetragonus, [220], [221], [312];
  • T. torquatus, [220]
• Tagassuidæ, [5], [312];
  • in Florida, [222];
  • in Illinois, [218];
  • in Indiana, [216];
  • in Maryland, [220];
  • in Michigan, [215];
  • in New Jersey, [213];
  • in New York, [212];
  • in Ohio, [214];
  • in South Carolina, [221];
  • in Tennessee, [222];
  • in Virginia, [221];
  • in West Virginia, [221];
  • in Wisconsin, [219]
• Talbot Co., Maryland, [144], [230], [242]
• Talbot formation, [16], [29], [299], [345], [346], [351]
• Talbot stage, [188]
• Tallahatchie Co., Mississippi, [124]
• Talpidæ, [312]
• Tamarack, [85]
• Tamias lævidens, [353];
  • T. striatus, [287], [310], [395]
• Tampa Bay, Florida, [123], [159], [208], [263], [379]
• Tampico, Indiana, [89]
• Tapir, [187], [209], [223], [228], [232], [328], [395], [396]
• Tapiridæ, [5], [203], [312];
  • in Florida, [206];
  • in Georgia, [206];
  • in Indiana, [203];
  • in Kentucky, [209];
  • in Mississippi, [208];
  • in Ohio, [203];
  • in Pennsylvania, [203];
  • in South Carolina, [204];
  • in Tennessee, [209];
  • in Virginia, [204]
• Tapirs, [13], [333], [334]
• Tapirus, [9], [14], [15];
  • T. americanus, [203], [204], [206], [207], [208], [209], [391];
  • T. haysii, [32], [43], [203], [204], [205], [207], [208], [209], [210], [217], [257], [312], [313], [350], [353], [363], [370], [372], [375], [382], [391], [392], [393], [395], [397], [403], [404], [405], [406];
  • T. sp. indet., [37], [204], [321], [363], [376], [378], [379], [395];
  • T. tennesseæ, [209], [395];
  • T. terrestris, [195], [203], [206], [376], [381], [392];
  • T. veroensis, [204], [205], [208], [382]
• Tarboro, North Carolina, [117], [360]
• Tarr, R. S., [57]
• Taurotragus, [14];
  • T. americanus, [12], [337], [339], [350]
• Taxidea americana, [312];
  • T. robusta, [9];
  • T. sp. indet., [350];
  • T. taxus, [312]
• Taylor, A. E., [90]
• Taylor, F. B., [130], [291], [330], [331]
• Tazewell Co., Illinois, [176]
• Teleoceras, [8], [9], [15], [211], [376];
  • T. fossiger, [8], [37], [211];
  • T. proterus, [121], [375], [377], [380];
  • T. sp. indet., [380]
• Teleopternus orientalis, [224], [312], [313]
• Tennessee, [41];
  • Camelidæ in, [225];
  • Castoroides in, [280];
  • Elephas primigenius in, [146];
  • Elephas sp. indet. in, [181];
  • Equidæ in, [201];
  • geology of, [393];
  • mastodons in, [127];
  • Tagassuidæ in, [222];
  • Tapiridæ in, [209];
  • Xenarthra in, [41]
• Tephrocyon, [15]
• Terraces, Allegheny River, [355];
  • Coastal Plain, Florida, [372];
  • Coastal Plain, North Carolina, [356];
  • Monongahela River, [354];
  • Pleistocene, [13]
• Terrapene antipex, [122], [158], [375], [382];
  • T. canaliculata, [371];
  • T. carolina, [310], [311];
  • T. eurypygia, [312], [347];
  • T. formosa, [378];
  • T. innoxia, [382];
  • T. putnami, [197], [379];
  • T. sp. indet., [353]
• Terre Coupée, Michigan, [83]
• Terre Haute, Indiana, [151]
• Testudo crassiscutata, [197], [363], [379], [381];
  • T. distans, [378];
  • T. hayi, [380];
  • T. incisa, [378];
  • T. luciæ, [383];
  • T. munda, [395];
  • T. obtusa, [381], [384];
  • T. ocalana, [378], [379];
  • T. sellardsi, [382];
  • T. sp. indet., [40]
• Tetracaulodon, [99]
• Tétreauville, Quebec, [22]
• Texas, [11], [13]
• Thamnophis sirtalis, [311]
• Thinobadistes segnis, [37], [375]
• Third Lake, New York, [236]
• Thompson, W. H., [173]
• Thompson, Z., [148]
• Thousand Creek fauna, [8]
• Thousand Creek, Nevada, [15]
• Three Oaks, Michigan, [137], [331]
• Throg’s Neck, New York, [183], [295], [296]
• Thuja occidentalis, [67]
• Tilton, J. L., [155]
• Tioga Co., Pennsylvania, [133]
• Tippah Co., Mississippi, [200]
• Tipton Co., Indiana, [152]
• Tomistoma americanum, [380]
• Tompkins Co., New York, [57]
• Toronto, Ontario, [14], [46], [130], [167], [226], [244], [256];
  • fossil vertebrates of, [284];
  • geology of, [281]
• Toronto formation, [281]
• Tourner’s, Florida, [160], [380]
• Townsend, G., [81]
• Towson, Maryland, [112], [348]
• Toxaspis anguillulatus, [312]
• Trachemys bisornata, [384];
  • T. euglypha, [379], [381];
  • T. jarmani, [379];
  • T. nuchocarinata, [374], [382];
  • T. sculpta, [379], [383], [384];
  • T. sp. indet., [197]
• Tragocerus, [8]
• Trees in Don beds, Toronto, Ontario, [282];
  • at Savannah, Georgia, [371]
• Trempealeau Co., Wisconsin, [241]
• Trenton, New Jersey, [64], [132], [237], [246];
  • fossil mammals at, [304];
  • geology of, [304];
  • gravels, [14], [65]
• Trichechus antiquus, [363], [381];
  • T. manatus, [376];
  • T. virginianus, [29]
• Trichiurus lepturus, [363], [366]
• Trim Creek, Illinois, [108]
• Troost, G., [125], [127], [389]
• Troy, New York, [183];
  • Ohio, [74]
• Trucifelis, [14];
  • T. floridanus, [15], [378], [382]
• Trumbull Co., Ohio, [80], [249]
• Tryonville, Pennsylvania, [150], [323]
• Tsala Apopka formation, Florida, [372], [373];
  • terrace, Florida, [375]
• Tunkhannock, Pennsylvania, [68], [324]
• Tuomey, M., [119], [120], [232], [361], [366]
• Turner, G., [119]
• Turner, G. B., [143]
• Turner’s, Florida, [380]
• Tuscumbia, Alabama, [40], [385]
• Twells, H., [64]
• Twin Creek, Ohio, [72], [274]
• Tyler, L. G., [113]
• Udden, J. A., [104], [176], [187]
• Ulrich, E. O., [169]
• Ulster Co., New York, [54]
• Uncia inexpectata, [312]
• Underwood, L., [266]
• Ungava, Canada, Elephas sp. indet., in, [166]
• Unio, species, [303]
• Union City, Indiana, [277];
  • moraine, [139], [152], [229]
• Union Co., New Jersey, [133]
• Union Grove, Illinois, [240]
• Unionidæ in Don beds, Ontario, [282];
  • in Fish House beds, New Jersey, [303]
• United States National Museum, [80], [163], [164], [188], [264]
• University of Michigan, [87];
  • University of Rochester, [58], [60]
• Upper Marlboro, Maryland, [178]
• Urbana, Illinois, [33], [106], [336];
  • Ohio, [74], [249]
• Urocyon cinereoargenteus, [299], [310], [311], [312], [314], [337];
  • U. latidentatus, [312], [314]
• Ursidæ, [312]
• Ursus americanus, [78], [125], [226], [283], [311], [312], [321], [339], [348], [350], [363], [364], [391], [392], [403];
  • U. amplidens, [217], [353], [391], [392], [393];
  • U. floridanus, [382], [395];
  • U. procerus, [329];
  • U. sp. indet., [41], [376], [398];
  • U. vitabilis, [350]
• Utica, Michigan, [86]
• Valparaiso, Indiana, [100];
  • moraine, [82], [83], [107], [108], [177], [330]
• VanBuren Co., Tennessee, [41]
• Vanderburg Co., Indiana, [32], [171], [186], [203], [228], [257], [276], [334]
• Van Horn, F., [151]
• Van Rensselaer, J., [55], [60], [66], [133]
• Van Wert Co., Ohio, [77]
• Veatch, A. C., [15], [33], [368], [389]
• Venice, Michigan, [86]
• Vermillion Co., Illinois. 106;
  • Indiana, [173]
• Vermont, Cervus canadensis in, [235];
  • cetaceans in, [19];
  • Elephas columbi in, [148];
  • Elephas sp. indet. in, [167];
  • geology of, [291];
  • Rangifer in, [244]
• Vernon Co., Wisconsin, [259]
• Vero, Florida, [10], [11], [15], [38], [122], [163], [199], [208], [222], [225], [263], [373], [381], [382];
  • marls, [15]
• Verona, New Jersey, [66]
• Versailles, Ohio, [136]
• Vertebrates, number of Pleistocene species, [4];
  • sources of Pleistocene, [4]
• Vespertilio fuscus, [310];
  • V. grandis, [350];
  • V. gryphus, [398];
  • V. sp. indet., [310], [312], [313], [350], [353];
  • V. subulatus, [310]
• Vespertilionidæ, [312]
• Vevay, Indiana, [91], [138]
• Vicksburg, Mississippi, [124]
• Victoria Co., Cape Breton Island, [46]
• Victoria Museum, Ottawa, [45]
• Vienna, New Jersey, [67]
• Vigo Co., Indiana, [138], [151], [172]
• Vincennes, Indiana, [88], [90], [258], [334]
• Vincentown, New Jersey, [227], [245]
• Virginia, [15], [28], [34];
  • Elephas primigenius in, [145];
  • Elephas sp. indet. in, [178];
  • Equidæ in, [189];
  • extinct bisons in, [259];
  • geology of, [351];
  • mastodons in, [113];
  • Odocoileus in, [231];
  • Pinnipedia in, [28];
  • Tagassuidæ in, [221];
  • Tapiridæ in, [204];
  • Xenarthra in, [34]
• Virginia deer, [32], [227], [229], [242], [257]
• Volk, E., [237], [248], [267]
• Volusia Co., Florida, [20], [122], [158], [378]
• Vulpes fulvus, [299];
  • V. palmaria, [282];
  • V. sp. indet., [350];
  • V. virginiana, [311]
• Wabash College, Indiana, [99]
• Wabash Co., Indiana, [98], [218], [229], [239], [334]
• Wabash deposits, [13]
• Wade, Florida, [195], [262]
• Wagner, G., [111]
• Wailesboro, Indiana, [172], [251], [334]
• Wailles, B. C. L., [41], [125], [180], [391]
• Wakulla Co., Florida, [157], [179], [374]
• Wakulla Springs, Florida, [179], [374]
• Walker, J. E., [92]
• Walker, S. T., [233]
• Walker River, Nevada, [15]
• Wallkill, New York, [54]
• Walnut, Illinois, [105]
• Walrus, [7], [21], [22], [23], [30], [31], [289], [293], [306], [352], [360]
• Wando clays, South Carolina, [360]
• Wando River, South Carolina, [35], [192], [362], [363]
• Wapakoneta, Ohio, [76], [275]
• Ward, F. H., [149]
• Ward, H. A., [147], [166]
• Ward, H. L., [60], [97]
• Warder, R. B., [91]
• Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, [121], [138], [149], [158], [212]
• Warren, C. K., [137]
• Warren, J. C., [48], [50], [54], [67], [68], [83], [109], [134], [148], [165]
• Warren Co. New Jersey, [67];
  • New York, [132];
  • Mississippi, [124]
• Warren mastodon, [51]
• Warrenton, Virginia, [178]
• Warsaw, Illinois, [103]
• Washington Co., Illinois, [101];
  • Maine, [23];
  • Maryland, [112], [189];
  • Ohio, [169];
  • Pennsylvania, [70], [133], [323];
  • Virginia, [113], [189];
  • Vermont, [244]
• Washington, D. C., [178], [348]
• Washington Township, Auglaize Co., Ohio, [76]
• Washtenaw Co., Michigan, [88], [227], [228], [237], [250], [275]
• Waterloo, Indiana, [95]
• Waukesha, Wisconsin, [110], [340]
• Waukesha Co., Wisconsin, [110], [241]
• Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, [241]
• Wauzeka, Wisconsin, [111]
• Waverly, Ohio, [134], [327]
• Waychoff, A. J., [133], [150]
• Wayland, New York, [59]
• Wayne Co., Indiana, [94], [138], [173], [238], [252], [276];
  • Michigan, [87];
  • New York, [58], [131], [272];
  • North Carolina, [115]
• Webster, Indiana, [138]
• Weidman, S., [111], [230], [241], [247], [343]
• Wellsburg, New York, [167]
• Welland Port, Ontario, [46]
• Welsh, J., [78]
• Wentworth Co., Ontario, [147], [166], [234]
• Westchester Co., New York, [50], [245]
• Westfield, New York, [63]
• West Sonora, Ohio, [73], [274]
• West Virginia, [34];
  • Elephas columbi in, [155];
  • Elephas sp. indet. in, [179];
  • Equidæ in, [190];
  • geology of, [354];
  • mastodons in, [115];
  • musk-oxen in, [254];
  • Odocoileus in, [231];
  • Tagassuidæ in, [221];
  • Xenarthra in, [34]
• Whales, [16]
• Wheatley, C. M., [31], [69], [185], [203], [256], [312], [317], [318], [319]
• Wheaton, Illinois, [177]
• Wheeler, F., [153]
• Wheeling, West Virginia, [179]
• White, I. C., [68], [115]
• White Beach, Florida, [38], [379]
• Whiteaves, J. F., [17], [147]
• Whitehall, Wisconsin, [241]
• Whitesburg, Tennessee, [14], [201], [209], [223], [395]
• Whiteside Co., Illinois, [105], [240]
• Whitewillow, Illinois, [109], [229], [240], [269], [337]
• Whitfield, R. P., [49], [50], [303]
• Whitney, J. D., [111], [178], [219], [230], [240], [341], [342]
• Whittlesey, C., [77], [78], [79], [109], [169], [183], [186], [203]
• Wicomico formation, [16], [118], [299], [345], [346], [351], [356];
  • terrace, [112]
• Wiedmer, J., [103], [253]
• Wilbur, C. D., [109]
• Willcockson, Arkansas, [12]
• Wilder, B. G., [57]
• Wilkinson Co., Mississippi, [126]
• Will Co., Illinois, [107], [241]
• Willcox, J., [38], [198], [199], [263]
• Williams, E. D., [155]
• Williams, E. H., [307]
• Williams, Indiana, [217], [334]
• Williams Township, Bay Co., Michigan, [84]
• Williamsburg, Virginia, [113], [352]
• Williamson, C. W., [76], [227], [274]
• Williamson, New York, [131]
• Williamson Co., Tennessee, [127]
• Williamstown, Ontario, [18]
• Williston, S. W., [11]
• Williston, Florida, [37], [121], [195], [211], [224]
• Wills Creek, Allegany Co., Maryland, [349]
• Wilmington, North Carolina, [357];
  • Ohio, [214], [273]
• Wilson, R., [162]
• Wilson Co., North Carolina, [117], [359]
• Winchell, A., [80], [81], [86], [87], [130], [151], [171]
• Winchell, N. H., [77], [78], [178]
• Winchester, Indiana, [139];
  • Kentucky, [255]
• Windfall, Indiana, [152]
• Windsor, Indiana, [139]
• Winnebago Co., Illinois, [105];
  • Wisconsin, [270]
• Wirt Co., West Virginia, [155]
• Wisconsin, [2], [14];
  • Bison bison in, [270];
  • Cervus canadensis in, [241];
  • Elephas primigenius in, [143];
  • Elephas sp. indet. in, [178];
  • extinct bisons in, [259];
  • mastodons in, [110];
  • Odocoileus in, [230];
  • Rangifer in, [247];
  • Tagassuidæ in, [219];
  • depression, [291];
  • drift, [281], [292], [295], [324], [326], [328], [329], [330], [331], [335], [340];
  • geology of, [340];
  • ice-sheet, [298]; 307, [332], [355];
  • moraine, [300], [307], [326];
  • stage, [12], [14], [32], [33], [283], [286], [300], [316], [322], [334], [367], [403];
  • uplift, [291]
• Wissler, C., [304]
• Wistar, C., [35], [181], [401]
• Withlacoochee River, [122], [158]
• Wolbrandt, C. H., [100]
• Wolf, [111], [219], [270], [302]
• Wood, N. A., [81], [82], [83], [88], [275], [276]
• Wood Co., Ohio, [78];
  • West Virginia, [115], [231]
• Woodbury, New Jersey, [301];
  • Vermont, [244]
• Woodhull, Illinois, [154]
• Woodstock, Ohio, [74]
• Woodstown, New Jersey, [226]
• Woodville, Mississippi, [126];
  • Wisconsin, [344]
• Woodworth, J. B., [26], [183], [245], [290], [291], [292]
• Woolman, L., [351], [360]
• Woolman, S., [302]
• Woolper Creek, Kentucky, [265]
• Woolworth, S., [149]
• Worcester, Massachusetts, [47]
• Worthen, A. H., [101], [102], [103], [108], [175], [176], [229], [239], [269], [279]
• Worthington Co., Maryland, [220]
• Wright, G. F., [115], [274], [283], [307]
• Wyandotte, Michigan, [87]
• Wyandot, Ohio, [78]
• Wylie, T. A., [172]
• Wyman, Jeffries, [40], [43], [111], [219], [230], [270], [280], [400]
• Wyoming Co., New York, [61], [212];
  • Pennsylvania, [68]
• Wythe Co., Virginia, [34], [114], [190], [204], [221], [231], [260], [353]
• Wurtsboro, New York, [55]
• Xenarthra, [31];
  • in Alabama, [40];
  • in Florida, [37];
  • in Georgia, [36];
  • in Illinois, [33];
  • in Indiana, [32];
  • in Kentucky, [43];
  • in Mississippi, [40];
  • in New Jersey, [31];
  • in Ohio, [31];
  • in Pennsylvania, [31];
  • in South Carolina, [35];
  • in Tennessee, [41];
  • in Virginia, [34];
  • in West Virginia, [34]
• Yakima Co., Washington, [15]
• Yale University, [54], [60], [74], [279]
• Yarmouth deposits, [2];
  • in Illinois, [336];
  • in New England, [290];
  • in Ohio, [325]
• Yarmouth stage, [12], [14], [187], [290], [325], [336]
• Yarnallton, Kentucky, [210], [405]
• Yazoo Co., Mississippi, [126]
• Yonge’s Island, South Carolina, [363]
• York Co., Ontario, [46], [130], [167], [244], [256];
  • Pennsylvania, [69];
  • Virginia, [113]
• York River, Virginia, [352]
• Yorkville, Illinois, [109]
• Young, C., [73]
• Young Island, South Carolina, [366]
• Youngstown, Ohio, [249]
• Ypsilanti, Michigan, [88]
• Zamenis acuminatus, [312], [314]
• Zanesville, Ohio, [134], [273], [327]
• Zapodidæ, [312]
• Zapus hudsonius, [312]
• Zirkel’s Cave, Tennessee, [209], [223], [395], [396]
• Zolfo, Florida, [38], [160], [380]

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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES