By consulting Lewis and Kümmel’s geological map of New Jersey, it will be seen that the locality where these mastodons were found is on the Wisconsin moraine. Plates XLV and XLV a of Salisbury’s report (vol. V, Geol. Surv. New Jersey) present the topographical and geological details of this region. A “mastodon pond” is there mapped which is doubtless the one referred to above. We may be quite certain, therefore, that these mastodons lived after the retirement of the Wisconsin ice-sheet.
A note, apparently by George Cook (Geol. New Jersey, 1868, p. 741), stated that some years previously a mastodon tooth had been found 0.5 mile east of Vienna, 4 miles west of Hackettstown.
16. Hope, Warren County.—A note, probably by George H. Cook, in his “Geology of New Jersey,” 1868, page 741, stated that a part of a mastodon skeleton had been found about 2 miles from Hope, on the road leading to Johnsonsburg and on the farm of Charles Howell. This would be northeast from Hope. On the New Jersey map referred to there is some Wisconsin drift indicated near this place. The remains are probably of late Wisconsin age.
17. Greendell, Sussex County.—In Warren’s “Monograph on the Mastodon” (first edition, page 174; second edition, page 200) is an extract taken from the Sussex Register, of September 27, 1851, giving an account of the finding of bones, jaws, and teeth of a mastodon on the farm of Timothy H. Cook, near Greenville. This town was later called Cuttoff and this name has recently been changed to Greendell. In Cook’s “Geology of New Jersey,” 1868, page 741, the farm was said to belong to Jacob Voss. In a bog which had been drained a fire was made on a stump of a tree. The fire burned the roots, and the bones of the animal became exposed. The bones of the head especially were apparently very near the surface. The town is on the Lackawanna Railroad, about 3 miles northeast of Johnsonsburg, Warren County.
PENNSYLVANIA.
(Map [5].)
1. Tunkhannock, Wyoming County.—In 1883 (2d Geol. Surv. Pennsylvania, G7, p. 20), Dr. I. C. White reported that the tusks and the teeth of a mastodon had been found at Tunkhannock. At the mouth of Tunkhannock Creek a large gravel deposit rises to a height of 125 feet above Susquehanna River and then spreads out into a wide plain. In the valley of the creek mentioned it takes the form of a sharp, low kame-like ridge of gravel and boulders. In such deposits the mastodon remains were found. According to White, these gravels and boulders were laid down in the waters which came from the retreating glacier and which deeply flooded all the streams. In case this explanation is the correct one, this mastodon lived there after the beginning of the retreat of the Wisconsin ice-sheet. Possibly, however, those gravels, at a height of 125 feet, belong to an older glacial stage.
White, on page 123 of his report quoted above, referred to a tusk which had been dug up in one of the streets of Tunkhannock. This was probably the one mentioned in connection with the teeth.
2. Pittston, Luzerne County.—Dr. Joseph Leidy, in 1873 (Ext. Vert. Fauna West. Terrs., p. 238, plate XXVIII, fig. 9), reported that there was in the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia 3 first premolars of apparently as many individuals of Mammut americanum, which had been found at Pittston, associated with Equus major (E. complicatus) and Symbos sp. indet. (“Bison latifrons” of Leidy). One of these he figured. The present writer has examined these teeth. Two are upper antepenultimate milk molars (pm2), right and left; another is an upper penultimate milk molar, whose length is 45 mm. and whose width is nearly as much. They probably did not all belong to one individual. The geological age of these mastodons will be discussed on page [308].
3. Berwick, Columbia County.—The U. S. National Museum has a cast of a mastodon tooth sent there in 1904 by Professor A. U. Lesher. The tooth was an upper right last molar and only slightly worn. There were 4 crests and a very strongly developed talon. No details were furnished regarding the conditions under which it was discovered.