The decline of the West
Oswald Spengler
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  • Dante Alighieri, historical consciousness, [14], [56], [142], [159];
    • influence of Joachim of Floris, [20];
    • and vision, [96];
    • homology, [111];
    • and popularity, [243];
    • and confession, [273];
    • and psychology, [319];
    • and time of day, [325n.];
    • esoteric, [328];
    • morale, [355];
    • variety of religion, [394];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Danton, Georges, adventurer, [149]
  • Darwinism and evolution, and Socialism, [35], [370-372];
    • and practical philosophy, [45];
    • morphology and vision, [104n.], [105];
    • Goethe and, [111n.];
    • and teleology, [120];
    • and destiny, [140];
    • and cultural art-theory, [141n.];
    • and usefulness, [155];
    • and biological politics, [156];
    • nature and God, [312];
    • anticipation, Darwin’s political-economic application, [369-373];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Daumier, Honoré, act and portrait, [271n.];
    • and grand style, [290]
  • David, Pierre Jean, naturalism, [212]
  • Dea Cælestis, [406]
  • Death, and historical consciousness, [13];
    • and become, [54], [167];
    • Cultures and funeral customs, [134], [135], [185];
    • and space, [166];
    • and world-fear and symbolism, [166];
    • stone as emblem, [188];
    • and ornament, [195]
  • Decoration, architectural, [196];
    • Gothic, and bodilessness, [199];
    • Arabian, [208], [212];
    • mosaic, [214];
    • Acanthus motive, [215].
    • See also #Ornament#
  • Dedekind, Richard, notation, [77], [95]
  • Definitions, and destiny, xiv;
    • fundamental, [53-56]
  • Deism, cause, [187], [412];
    • concept, [312n.];
    • Baroque, and mechanics, [412].
    • See also [Religion]
  • Deities, cultural basis, [312]. See also [Religion]
  • Delacroix, Ferdinand V. E., and impressionism, [288];
    • contemporaries, table [ii]
  • Delphi, Polygnotus’s frescos, [243]
  • Demeter cult, [83];
    • spring festivals, [320];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Demeter of Knidos, statue, [136]
  • Demetrius of Alopeke, and portraiture, [130], [269]
  • Democracy, decay by formalism, [35];
    • contemporary periods, table [iii].
    • See also [Politics]
  • Democritus, and corporeality, [177];
    • and ego, [311];
    • cosmology, [331];
    • atoms, [385];
    • Leibniz as contemporary, [386];
    • and motion, [389];
    • and mechanical necessity, [392-394];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Demosthenes, statue, [270]
  • Depth-experience, significance, [168], [169], [172-174];
    • and number, [171];
    • and time, [172], [173];
    • realization as cultural symbol, [173-175];
    • in Western painting, [239], [246];
    • in Western gardening, [240];
    • and destiny, [241];
    • and philosophy in art, [243];
    • in portrait, [263], [266];
    • and impressionism, [285-287];
    • and will, [311];
    • in Socialism, [361];
    • and natural science, [380], [386], [394];
    • Western God-feeling, [395];
    • cathedral and organ, [396].
    • See also [Destiny]; [Space]
  • Desargues, Girard, mathematic, [75]
  • Descartes, René, civic world-outlook, [33];
    • and actuality, [42];
    • style, [61];
    • mathematics and religion, [66];
    • relation to Classical mathematic, [69];
    • and new number-idea, [74], [75], [81], [88], [90], [126], [188];
    • contemporaries, [112], table [i];
    • and Jansenists, [314n.];
    • as thinker, [366];
    • thinking and being, [387];
    • on force, [413]
  • Des Près, Josquin, music, [230]
  • Destiny, and pessimism, [xiv];
    • historical, [3], [4], [6], [38-41];
    • as logic of time, [7];
    • acceptance, [40], [44];
    • in World War, [47];
    • fulfilment of Western mathematic, [90];
    • of a Culture, [106], [145];
    • and causality, [117-121];
    • soul and predestination, [117];
    • organic logic, [117];
    • and time and space, [119], [120];
    • and idea, [121];
    • in art, revolts, [127], [128], [233];
    • separate cultural ideas, illustrations, [129-131], [145-149], [189], [190], [424];
    • in Western Christianity, [140], [141];
    • and incident, [138-141], [144];
    • and nature, [142];
    • Classical “fate”, body and personality, [143], [147];
    • youth, [152];
    • and Western depth-experience, [241];
    • patina as symbol, [253];
    • and motherhood, [267];
    • Western, and painting, [276n.];
    • ethic and soul’s view, [302], [346], [355];
    • and will, [308];
    • and Civilization, [360];
    • and causality in natural science, [379];
    • and decay of exact science, [422-424].
    • See also [Becoming]; [Causality]; [Civilization]; [History]; [Time]
  • Devil, disappearance, [187];
    • and Arabian dualism, [312], [363]
  • Diadochi, period as episode, [149], [151]
  • Diagoras, character of atheism, [408n.];
    • condemnation, [411]
  • Diatribe, as phenomenon of Civilization, [359]
  • Dido, cult, [406n.]
  • Diet, and Civilization, [361]
  • Diez, Feodor, significance of colour, [252]
  • Differential calculus, as symbol, [15]. See also [Calculus]
  • Dimension, abstract notion, [89];
    • significance of depth, [168];
    • singularity, [169n.]
  • Dinzenhofer, Kilian I., architecture, [285]
  • Diocletian, as caliph, [72], [212], [405];
    • as epoch, [149];
    • and Mithras 406
  • Diogenes, morale, [203];
    • and deity, [313];
    • Indian kinship, [347], [357]
  • Dionysiac movement, Alexander and legend, [8];
    • contemporaries, homology, [27], [110], table [i];
    • as revolt, [233], [356];
    • spring festival, [320], [321], [324]
  • Dionysius I, contemporaries, table [iii]
  • Diophantus, algebra, and Arabian Culture, [63], [71-73], [383]
  • Dipylon vases, [73], [107], [196]
  • Direction, and time and becoming, [54], [56];
    • and extension, [99], [172];
    • and dimension, [169n.];
    • and will, [308];
    • and aim, [361].
    • See also [Time]
  • Discant, music, [229]
  • Discobolus, Myron’s, [263], [265]
  • Discovery, as Western trait, [278], [279], [332];
    • and space and will, [310], [337];
    • spiritual results, [334]
  • Divinities. See [Religion]
  • Dogma and cult, cultural attitude, [401], [410], [411];
    • in natural science, [412]
  • Doliche, Baal, [407]
  • Dome, as Arabian art expression, [210]
  • Dome of the Rock, characteristics, [200]
  • Dominicans, influence of Joachim of Floris, [20]
  • Domitian, contemporaries, table [iii]
  • Donatello, and Gothic, [225n.];
    • “David”, [265];
    • and portrait, [272]
  • Doric, column as symbol, [9], [195];
    • and Gothic, [27];
    • timber style, [132];
    • and Ionic, [205];
    • and Egyptian, [213];
    • Western exclusion, [345];
    • contemporaries, table [ii], [iii].
    • See also [Architecture]; [Column]
  • Dostoyevski, Feodor M., and Europe, [16n.];
    • Raskolnikov’s philosophy, [309];
    • and compassion, [350]
  • Drama, cultural basis, Classical and Western, [128-131], [141n.], [143], [147], [148], [203], [255], [317-322], [347];
    • German, [290];
    • development of Classical, [320], [321];
    • cultural basis of form, unities, [322], [323];
    • undeveloped Western, [323];
    • Classical elimination of individuality, [323];
    • chorus, [324];
    • and time of day, [324];
    • attitude toward scene, [325];
    • and cultural basis of morale, [347];
    • and philosophy of Western activism, [368], [372];
    • Classical, and atomic theory, [386]
  • Dresden, architecture, [207], [285];
    • chamber music, [232]
  • Droem, autumnal accent, [241]
  • Dryads, passivity, [336];
    • materiality, [403]
  • Dschang Yi, and imperialism, [37]
  • Dualism, in Arabian Culture, [305-307], [363];
    • and will and reason, [309];
    • in religion, [312]
  • Dühring, Eugen Karl, position in Western ethics, [373]
  • Dürer, Albrecht, historical heads, [103];
    • colour, [245], [250];
    • and act and portrait, [270]
  • Dufay, Guillaume, music, in Italy, [230], [236]
  • Duns Scotus, historical place, [72];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Dunstaple, John, music, [230]
  • Duration. See [Life]
  • Durham, palatinate, [349n.]
  • Dyck, Anthony van. See [Van Dyck]
  • Dynamics, as Western system, [384], [393]. See also [Natural science]
  • Eckhardt, Meister, on imitation, [191];
    • mysticism, [213];
    • egoism, [335];
    • wisdom and intellect, [409];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Economic motives. See [Money]
  • Economic organization, cultural attitude toward care, [138]
  • Economics, and Western practical ethics, [367-369].
    • See also [Politics]; [Socialism]
  • Eddas, space-expression, [185], [187];
    • and Western religion, [400], [423];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Edessa, school, [63], [381];
    • and Arabian art, [209];
    • Baal, [407]
  • Edfu, temple, [294]
  • Edward I of England, and archery, [333n.]
  • Edward III of England, and archery, [333n.]
  • Egoism, in Western Culture, [262], [302], [309], [335]
  • Egyptian Culture, historic aspect, [12];
    • and immortality, [13];
    • and pure number, [69];
    • historical basis, funeral custom, [135];
    • and care, [136];
    • and Mary-cult, [137];
    • attitude toward state, [137];
    • economic organization, [138];
    • stone as symbol, [188];
    • destiny-idea, path as prime symbol, [188], [189];
    • architectural expression, [189], [202];
    • brave style, [201-203];
    • and tutelage, [213];
    • streets, [224];
    • art composition, [243];
    • sculpture, [248n.], [266];
    • and portrait, [262];
    • Civilization, [294], [295];
    • view of soul, [305];
    • morale, [315];
    • and discovery, [332];
    • and Socialism, [347];
    • and man-deification, [405n.];
    • art epochs, table [ii];
    • political epochs, table [iii].
    • See also [Cultures]; arts by name, especially [Architecture]
  • Egyptianism, contemporary periods, table [iii]
  • Eichendorff, Joseph von, poetry, [289]
  • Eleatic philosophy, and motion, [305n.], [388], [390]
  • Elements, cultural concepts of physical, [383], [384]. See also [Atomic theories]; [Natural science]
  • Eleusinian mysteries, dramatic imitation, [320]
  • Elis, treaty, [10n.]
  • Emigration, cultural attitude, [336]
  • Empedocles, elements, [327], [383], [384];
    • on atoms, [386]
  • Emperor-worship, [405], [407], [411]
  • Empire style, as Classicism, [207];
    • contemporaries, table [ii]
  • Encyclopedists, contemporaries, table [i]
  • Energy, and voluntas, [310n.]
  • Engels, Friedrich, and Hegelianism, [367];
    • position in Western ethics, [373]
  • England, Manchester system and Western Civilization, [29], [151], [371];
    • imperialism and Napoleonic epoch, [149-151]
  • Enlightenment, Age of, and movement, [155];
    • effect on monasticism, [316n.];
    • and tolerance, [343];
    • and cult and dogma, [411]
  • Entelechy, ahistoric aspect, [15]
  • Entropy, theory, formulations, [420];
    • effect, [421-424]
  • Epaminondas, and invented history, [11]
  • Ephesus, Council of, and Godhead, [209]
  • Epic, and religion, [399-402]
  • Epictetus, and Jesus, [347]
  • Epicureanism, practicality, [45];
    • morale, [315];
    • and will, [341], [342];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Epicurus, Indian kinship, [347];
    • character of Nihilism, [357];
    • and Socialism, [358];
    • and mathematics, [366];
    • and ethics, [367];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Epigoni, and Socialism, [374]
  • Epistemology, and history, [119], [355]
  • Epochs, personal and impersonal, [148]. See also [Incident]; [Destiny]
  • Epos, contemporaries of popular, table [i]
  • Erastosthenes, as creator, [425]
  • Erechtheum, in style history, [108], [207]
  • Eroticism. See [Sex]
  • Esoterics, in Western Culture, [326-329].
    • See also [Popularity]
  • Etching, Leonardo’s relation, [281];
    • as Western art, [290]
  • Ethics, relation to Culture, [354];
    • period in philosophy, [365-367];
    • socio-economic character of Western, [367-369];
    • dramatical presentation of Western, [368], [372];
    • evolution theory, aspects, [369-372];
    • landmarks of Western, [373], [374];
    • exhaustion of period, [374].
    • See also [Metaphysics]; [Morale]; [Philosophy]
  • Etruscan, round-buildings, [211n.];
    • contemporaries of discipline, table [i]
  • Eucharist, cultural significance, [185], [186];
    • as centre of Western Christianity, [247]
  • Euclid, mathematical style, [59], [64], [65];
    • limitation of geometry, [67], [88];
    • mathematical position, [90];
    • parallel axiom, [176n.]
    • See also [Geometry]
  • Eudoxus, and higher powers, [66];
    • and infinity, [69], [69n.];
    • and mathematic, [78], [90]
  • Euler, Leonhard, mathematic, [78], [90];
    • and differentials, [86];
    • and time, [126];
    • contemporaries, [231], table [i]
  • Euripides, unpopularity, [35];
    • foreshadowing by, [111];
    • end-art, [223];
    • tragic method, [319]
  • Europe, as historical term, [16n.]
  • Evolution. See [Darwinism]
  • Exhaustion-method of Archimedes, [69]
  • Experience, and historical sense, [10];
    • lived and learned, [55];
  • in Western concept of nature, [393];
    • and faith, [394];
    • and theory, [395]
  • Experiment, and experience, [393]
  • Exploration. See [Discovery]
  • Expressionism, farce, [294]
  • Extension, and direction, [99], [172];
    • and reason, [308].
    • See also [Space]
  • Eyck, Jan van, portraits, [272], [309];
    • contemporaries, table [ii]
  • Eye, in sculpture, [329]
  • Façades, cultural significance, [224];
    • Renaissance, [235]
  • Fact, and theory, [378]
  • Fairies, cultural attitude, [336], [403]
  • Faith, and Western mathematic, [78].
    • See also [Religion]
  • Family, Western portraits, [266];
    • Civilization and race-suicide, [359].
    • See also [Motherhood]
  • Faraday, Michael, and theory, [100], [378], [416]
  • Farnese Bull, theatrical note, [291]
  • Fate, cultural attitude, [129].
    • See also [Destiny]
  • Faunus, materiality, [403]
  • Faustian soul, explained, [183]. See also [Western Culture]
  • Fauxbourdon, music, [229]
  • Fayum, [58n.]
  • Fear, and Classical and Western tragedy, [321]
  • Federigo of Urbino, portrait, [279]
  • Feeling, and “proper,” [53]
  • Fermat, Pierre de, relation to Classical mathematic, [69];
    • mathematic style, [74], [75], [90];
    • problem, [76], [77];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Feudalism, contemporary periods, table [iii]
  • Feuerbach, Anselm von, act and portrait, [271n.]
  • Feuerbach, Ludwig A., provincialism, [24];
    • position in Western ethics, [373];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Fichte, Johann G., basis of Socialism, [362], [374];
    • esoteric, [369];
    • and mathematics, [374];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Fifty-year period, cultural rhythm, [110]
  • Fischer von Erlach, Johann B., architecture, [285]
  • Flaminius, C., and economic motive, [36];
    • and imperialism, [37]
  • Fleury, Andre, Cardinal de, policy, [4], [349]
  • Florence, culture city, loss of prestige [29], [33];
    • cathedral, [184], [238];
    • and Arabian Culture, [211];
    • and Renaissance, [233-238];
    • and Northern art, [236];
    • character as state, [273].
    • See also [Renaissance]; [Savonarola]
  • Fluxions, significance of Newton’s designation, [15n.]
  • Fontainebleau, park, [240]
  • Force, as undefinable Western concept, numen, [390], [391], [398], [402], [412-417];
    • stages of concept, [417];
    • contradictions, [418].
    • See also [Natural science]
  • Forest, and Western cathedrals, [396]
  • Form, and law, [97];
    • and music, [219];
    • and content, [242], [270]
  • Forum of Nerva, craft-art, [198], [215]
  • Forum of Trajan, ornament, [215]
  • Fouquet, Nicolas, and gardening, [241]
  • Four-part movement, [231]
  • Fourteen Helpers, [400]
  • Fourth dimension, and Classical mathematic, [66];
    • and time and space, [124]
  • Fox, Charles James, contemporaries, table [iii]
  • Fragonard, Jean H., and music, [232]
  • France, and maturity of Western Culture, [148], [150];
    • plein-air painting, [288], [289]
  • Francesca, Piero della, and static space, [237];
    • perspective, [240];
    • and artistic change, [279], [287]
  • Francis of Assisi, art influence, [249n.];
    • morale, [348];
    • God-feeling, [395];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Francis I of France, and imperial crown, [148]
  • Franciscans, influence of Joachim of Floris, [20]
  • François Vase, composition, [244]
  • Frau Holle, and Mary-cult, [267]
  • Frau Venus, symbolism, [403]
  • Frazer, Sir J. G., error on “Unknown God”, [404n.]
  • Frederick the Great, and analogy, [4];
    • on chance, [142n.];
    • contemporaries, table [iii]
  • Frederick William I of Prussia, and Socialism, [138];
    • Egyptian kinship, [347]
  • Frederick William IV of Prussia, and German unity, [145]
  • Free will, and destiny, [140], 141. See also [Will]
  • Freedom, and historical destiny, [39]
  • Freiburg Minster, Viking Gothic, [213]
  • French Revolution, incident and destiny in, [148], [149]
  • Frescobaldi, Girolamo, music, [230]
  • Frescos, Classical, and time of day, [225], [283], [325];
    • Renaissance, [237], [275];
    • displacement by oil, [279].
    • See also [Painting]
  • Fresnel, Augustin J., light theory, [418]
  • Friedrich, Kaspar D., and grand style, [289]
  • Frigga, and Mary-cult, [267]
  • Fronde, contemporaries, table [iii]
  • Front, cultural basis of architectural, [224]
  • Fugue, style and theme, [230], [231]
  • Function, as symbol of Western Culture, [74-78];
    • and proportion, [84];
    • contrast with Classical construction, [85];
    • basis of Western number, thought, [86], [87];
    • Goethe’s definition, [86n.];
    • expansion in groups, aggregates, [89], [90], [426].
    • See also [Mathematics]
  • Funeral customs, as cultural symbol, [134], [135], [158]
  • Future, youth as, [152];
    • cultural relation, [363]
  • Gabrieli, Andrea, music, [252]
  • Gabrieli, Giovanni, music, [226]
  • Galen, as copyist, [425]
  • Galileo, and natural philosophy, [7];
    • on nature and mathematics, [57];
    • and static idea, [236], [412];
    • dynamic world-picture, [311];
    • deeds of science, [355];
    • concept of force, [386], [415], [417];
    • and motion-problem, [390];
    • God-feeling, [396];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Gama, Vasco da, spiritual result, [334]
  • Gardening, as Chinese religious art, [190];
    • Western, perspective, [240], [241];
    • Renaissance, [241];
    • English, and ruins, [254]
  • Gaugamela, battle, [151]
  • Gaul, Cæsar’s conquest, [36n.]
  • Gauss, Karl F., style, [59];
    • artist-nature, [61];
    • mathematical position, [78], [85], [90], [176n.];
    • and nonperceptual geometry, [88];
    • contemporaries, [112], table [i];
    • and dimension, [170], [172];
    • and popularity, [327];
    • and metaphysics, [366];
    • goal of analysis, [418]
  • Gaza, temple, [211]
  • Gedon, Frau, Leibl’s portrait, [252n.], [266n.]
  • Generations, spiritual relation, [110n.]
  • Geography, Classical Culture and, [10n.];
    • influence on historical terms, [16n.]
    • See also [Discovery]
  • Geology, and mineralogy, [96]
  • Geometry, Kant’s error, [6n.], [170], [171];
    • art expression, [61];
    • limitation of Classical, [67], [83], [88];
    • Descartes and infinite, [74];
    • Western mathematic[mathematic] and term, [81];
    • Western liberation, [86], [170n.];
    • and arithmetic, [125], [126];
    • systems and corporeality, [176n.];
    • and popularity, cultural basis, [327].
    • See also [Mathematics]
  • George, Henry, autumnal accent, [241]
  • Gerbert. See [Sylvester II]
  • Géricault, Jean L. A. T., and grand style, [290]
  • Germany, union as destiny, [144];
    • and music and architecture, [285];
    • diversion from music to painting, [289]
  • Germigny des Près, church as mosque, [201]
  • Gernrode Cathedral, simplicity, [196];
    • and antique, [275n.]
  • Gesture, as Classical symbol, [316];
    • in Classical tragedy, [317]
  • Gesu, Il, church at Rome, façade, [313];
    • God-feeling, [395]
  • Ghassanid Kingdom, [215]
  • Ghiberti, Lorenzo, and Gothic, [225n.], [235], [238]
  • Ghirlandaio, Il, Dutch influence, [236]
  • Giacomo della Porta, architecture, [314];
    • God-feeling, [395]
  • Gigantomachia, and decline of art, [291]
  • Giorgione, Il, and impressionism, [239];
    • clouds, [240];
    • colour, [251], [252];
    • and body, [271]
  • Giotto, childlike feeling, [212];
    • technique, [221];
    • and fresco-art, [237];
    • and Francis of Assisi, [249n.];
    • Gothic, [235], [274];
    • God-feeling, [395];
    • contemporaries, table [ii]
  • Giovanni Pisano, sculpture, [212], [235], [238], [263]
  • Glass painting, Gothic and Venetian, [252];
    • contemporaries, table [ii]
  • Gluck, Christopher W., contemporary mathematics, [78], [90];
    • character of arias, [219n.];
    • music, [260];
    • period, [284]
  • Gnostics, music, [228];
    • dualism, [248], [306];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Gobelins, and music, [232]
  • God, Western, and will, [312]. See also [Religion]
  • Görres, Jakob J. von, and dualism, [307]
  • Goes, Hugo van der, in Italy, [236]
  • Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, and living nature and vision, [vii], [95], [96], [105], [111n.], [113], [140], [154], [389];
    • influence on Spengler, [xiv];
    • historic consciousness, [14], [142], [159];
    • on life, [20];
    • on mankind, [21];
    • and world-as-history, [25], [99], [104];
    • as Classicist, [30];
    • and Darwinism, [35], [111n.], [370];
    • and actuality, [42], [43];
    • as philosopher, [49n.], [365n.];
    • on becoming and become, [49n.], [53];
    • and intuition, [56];
    • on vision and observation, [61];
    • and mathematics, [61], [65], [75];
    • and Plato’s Ideas, [70];
    • on function, [86n.];
    • on form and law, [97];
    • on symbols, [102n.];
    • on historiography, [103];
    • and morphology, [104n.], [111];
    • on blossoming of art, [107];
    • display of individuality, [110];
    • foreshadowing by, [111];
    • and causal effort, nature-studies, [118], [155-157], [422];
    • on reasonable order, [123];
    • and the Almighty, [124];
    • dramatic form, [129], [318];
    • destiny in life, [139], [145], [146], [281];
    • and imperialism, [149];
    • theory of colour, [157n.], [158n.], [246];
    • as Kant’s opposite, [159];
    • and style as organism, [205];
    • and imagination, [220];
    • Northern pantheism, [250], [251n.];
    • on soul and body, [259];
    • lyrics, [286];
    • and confession, [300];
    • as biographer, [316];
    • and time of day, [324];
    • Faust as symbol of Civilization, [354];
    • ethical passion, [355];
    • variety of religion, [394];
    • and cult and dogma, [411];
    • on application of reason, [412];
    • and world-force, [413], [417];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Götterdämmerung, Christian form, [400]
  • Gold, and Arabian Culture, [247];
    • contrasting Classical use, [253n.]
  • Golden Age, cultural basis of concept, [363]
  • Golden Legend, contemporaries, [400]
  • Gorgias, autumnal accent, [207]
  • Gospels, contemporaries, table [i]
  • Gothic, and Doric, [27];
    • architecture, and depth-experience, [177], [184], [185], [187], [198-200];
    • cathedrals as ornament, [195];
    • sculpture, nude, cathedral groups, [196], [197], [227], [231], [261], [266], [272];
  • as stage of style, [202];
    • and Arabian, borrowings, [211], [213];
    • musical association, [229], [230];
    • aliveness, [233];
    • in Italy, and Renaissance, [234-238];
    • esoteric, [243];
    • Italian, and Francis of Assisi, [249n.];
    • and later Western expression, [252];
    • and nature, [264];
    • philosophy, will and reason, [308];
    • God-feeling, [395];
    • forest, cathedral, and organ, [396];
    • contemporaries, tables [ii], [iii].
    • See also [Art]; [Western Culture]
  • Goujon, Jean, sculpture, 244
  • Government. See [Politics]
  • Goya y Lucientes, Francisco, technique, [221];
    • act and portrait, [271n.], [264];
    • ease, [292];
    • contemporaries, table [ii]
  • Goyen, Jan van, landscape as portrait, [287]
  • Gracchi, and economic organization, [138];
    • as incident, [139]
  • Grace, and destiny, [140], [141]
  • Granada, and Arabian Culture, [216]
  • Grassmann, Hermann G., religion and mathematic, [70]
  • Gravitation, shaky hypothesis, [418]
  • Great Mother of Pessinus, Rome and cult, [405]
  • Greco, El, clouds, [240]
  • Greece, and Europe, [16n.] See also [Classical Culture]
  • Green, symbolism, [245], [246]
  • Gregory VII, pope, morale, [349]
  • Grote, George, narrow Classicalism, [29]
  • Groups, as culmination of Western mathematic, [89], [90], [427]
  • Grünewald, Matthias, clouds, [240];
    • colour, [246], [250], [288];
    • and Renaissance, [274]
  • Guardi, Francesco, painting, [207], [220]
  • Guercino, Giovanni F. B., colour, [246];
    • and musical expression, [250]
  • Guido d’ Arezzo, music, [228]
  • Guido da Siena, and Madonna, [267]
  • Guilhem of Poitiers, professionalism, [229n.]
  • Gundisapora, school, [63]
  • Gunpowder, relation to Baroque, [278n.], [333]
  • Gymnastics, and sport, [35]
  • Habit, applied to a Culture, [108]
  • Hadrian, analogy, [4];
    • Pantheon as Arabian, [211]
  • Hadrian’s Villa, type, [211n.]
  • Haeckel, Ernst H., and Civilization, [252];
    • faith in names, [397n.]
  • Hageladas, contemporaries, table [ii]
  • Hagia Sophia, period, [108];
    • miracle, [130n.];
    • character, [184], [200];
    • mosque as resumption, [211];
    • acanthus motive, [215]
  • Halo, history, [130n.]
  • Hals, Frans, musical expression, [250];
    • period, [283]
  • Hamadryads, materiality, [403]
  • Han Dynasty, importance, [94];
    • contemporaries, table [iii]
  • Handel, George F., and dominance of music, [231];
    • colour expression, [252n.];
    • Catholicism, [268n.];
    • oratorios, [283]
  • Hannibal, contemporaries, [112], table [iii];
    • historical position, [144];
    • ethical exception, [349]
  • Happiness, and Classical ethic, [351]
  • Harakiri, and Greek suicide, [204n.]
  • Hardenberg, Karl A. von, reorganization of Prussia, [150n.]
  • Harmodius, statue, [269n.]
  • Haroun-al-Raschid, analogies, [38];
    • contemporaries, table [ii]
  • Hauran, basilica type, [210], [210n.]
  • Haydn, Joseph, contemporary mathematic, [78], [90];
    • orchestration, [231];
    • colour expression, [252n.];
    • and Praxiteles, [284];
    • period, [284];
    • ease, [291];
    • as religious, [358]
  • Hebbel, Friedrich, provincialism, [24];
    • and practical philosophy, [45];
    • on research and vision, [102];
    • and cultural contrasts, [128];
    • as dramatist, [143], [290];
    • causal effort, [156];
    • and Civilization, [352];
    • nebulous aim, [363];
    • and Hegelianism, [367];
    • and economic ethics, [370], [371], [373];
    • character of atheism, [408n.]
  • Hegel, Georg W. F., and history, [19], [22];
    • and mystic philosophy, [365n.];
    • and mathematics, [366];
    • and critique of society, [367], [374];
    • esoteric, [369];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Heimarmene, in Classical tragedy, [320]
  • Hei, and Valhalla, [400]
  • Helen, and Kriemhild, [268]
  • Helios, as god, [147n.], [402]
  • Hellenism, contemporaries, [tables i], [ii]
  • Hellenistic art period, contemporaries, table [ii]
  • Helmholtz, Hermann L. F. von, time and mathematic, [64];
    • on natural science and mechanics, [377];
    • on electrolysis, [385n.];
    • Archimedes as contemporary, [386]
  • Henry the Fowler, and Cyaxares, [4]
  • Henry the Lion, morale, [349]
  • Hera, Samian temple, [225n.]
  • Heracles, Vatican torso, [255]
  • Heracles legends, contemporaries, table [i]
  • Heraclitus, morale, [268n.], [315], [343];
    • popularity, [327];
    • and Stoicism, [356];
    • wisdom[wisdom] and intellect, [409]
  • Heræa, treaty, [10n.]
  • Heræum of Olympia, timber construction, [132]
  • Herbart, Johann F., ethics, [367]
  • Herder, Johann G. von, and history, [19]
  • Hermes, cults, [406]
  • Hermes Trismegistus, and chemistry, [383]
  • Herodotus, ahistoric consciousness, [9], [146]
  • Hersfeld, and antique, [275n.]
  • Hertz, Heinrich, and theory, [378];
    • and motion-problem, [391], [414], [416]
  • Hesiod, contemporaries, table [i]
  • Hilda, Saint, passing-bell, [134n.]
  • Hildesheim Cathedral, simplicity, [196];
    • and antique, [275n.]
  • Hipparchus, as scientist, [9], [330]
  • Hippasus, irrational numbers and fate, [65n.]
  • History, Spengler and morphology, [xi];
    • and destiny and causality, experiencing and thinking, [3], [118], [121], [151];
    • repetitions of expression-forms, [4], [27];
    • needed technique of analogies, [5];
    • consciousness, [8];
    • historic and ahistoric Cultures, [8-12], [97], [103], [132-136], [254], [255], [264], [363];
    • consciousness and attitude toward mortality, [13];
    • concept of morphology, [5-8], [26], [39], [100], [101];
    • form and form feeling, [15], [16];
    • irrational culminative division scheme, [16-18], [22];
    • origin of the scheme, [18];
    • Western development of it, [19], [20], [94];
    • theory of distinct Cultures, [21], [22];
    • provincialism of Western thinkers, [22-25];
    • world-as-history, thing-becoming, [25], [95];
    • single riddle, [48];
    • time essence, [49];
    • and intuition, [56];
    • definite sense and nature, [55], [57], [94];
    • and Culture, [55];
    • detached view, [93];
    • research and vision, [96], [102], [105], [142];
    • anti-historical and ahistorical, [97n.];
    • chronology, [97];
    • as original world-form, [98];
    • “scientific, possibility, [98], [153], [154];
    • and mechanistic world-conception, [99];
    • and direction and extension, [99], [100];
    • portraiture of Cultures, [101], [104], [105];
    • memory-picture, [103];
    • elements of form-world, [103], [104];
    • phenomena, [105], [106];
    • future task, organic culture-history, [105], [159];
    • stages of a Culture, [106-108];
    • preordained durations, [109];
    • homology, [111];
    • cultural contemporaneousness, [112];
    • enlarged possibilities, restoration and prediction, [112], [113];
    • teleology and materialistic conception, [121];
    • cultural basis of viewpoint, [131];
    • cultural symbols, clock;
    • bell, funeral customs, museums, [131], [134-136];
    • cultural feeling of care, [136-138];
    • judgment and life, [139];
    • incident and destiny, Western examples, [143], [148];
    • grandiose demand of Western, [145];
    • incidental character of Classical, [146], [147];
    • as actualizing of a soul, [147];
    • impersonal and personal epochs, [148];
    • effect of Civilization-period, [152];
    • and happening, [153];
    • causal harmonies, [153], [154], [158];
    • confusion in causal method, [155-157];
    • physiognomic investigation, [157];
    • symbolism, [163];
    • of styles, [205];
    • and cultural art expression, [249], [253];
    • and portrait, [264];
    • and will, [308];
    • and action, [343];
    • cultural opposition, [386];
    • in natural science, [389].
    • See also [Becoming]; [Destiny]; [Nature]; [Politics]; [Spirit]; [Time]
  • Hittites, inscriptions, [12n.]
  • Hobbema, Meyndert, colour, [246]
  • Hobbes, Thomas, and actuality, [42]
  • Hölderlin, Johann C. F., narrow Classicalism, [28n.];
    • autumnal accent, [241];
    • and confession, [264];
    • lyrics, [286];
    • and fatherland, [335]
  • Hoffmann, Ernst T. A., “Johannes Kreisler”, [276n.], [285]
  • Hogarth, William, position, [150n.], [283]
  • Holbein, Hans, colour, [250];
    • contemporaries, table [ii]
  • Holy Grail legend, cultural significance, [186], [198];
    • elements, [213]
  • Holy Roman Empire, contemporaries, table [iii]
  • Home, Henry, on ruins, [254n.]
  • Home, significance of term, [33n.];
    • cultural basis of conception, [83], [334-337].
    • See also [Politics]
  • Homer, contemporaries, [27], table [i];
    • soul, [203], [305];
    • religion, [268n.];
    • gods, [312], [313];
    • popularity, [328];
    • and Classical ethics, [349]
  • Homology, historical application, [111], [112]
  • Horace, and duration, [65n.], [132]
  • Horizon, and mathematics, [171];
    • in Western landscape painting, [239], [242]
  • Horn, Georg, and term Middle Age, [22]
  • Horoscopes, cultural attitude, [147]
  • Houdon, Jean A., sculpture as painting, [245]
  • Hucbald, music, [228]
  • Hugo van der Goes. See [Goes]
  • Huguenot wars, character, [33]
  • Humboldt, Alexander von, Ethical Socialism, [374]
  • Hus, John, contemporaries, table [i]
  • Hwang-Ti, contemporaries, table [iii]
  • Hygiene, as phenomenon of Civilization, [361]
  • Hyksos Period, contemporaries, [111], tables [ii], [iii];
    • feebleness, [149]
  • Hyksos Sphinx, [108], [262]
  • Hypsicles, as Arabian thinker, [63]
  • Iamblichus, on statues of gods, [216];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Ibn-al-Haitan, on light, [381]
  • Ibn Kurra, contemporaries, table [i]
  • Ibsen, Henrik, world-conception, [20];
    • provincialism, [24], [33n.];
    • sex problem, [35];
    • unpopularity, [35];
    • and practical philosophy, [45];
    • causal effort, [156];
    • tragic method, [318];
    • and morale, [346];
    • and Civilization, [352];
    • character of Nihilism, [357];
    • journalism, [360];
    • nebulous aim, [363], [364];
    • and socio-economic ethics, [372-374]
  • Iconoclasts, Arabian principle, [262];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Idea, and destiny, [121]
  • Idolatry, Arabian iconoclasm, [262];
    • Classical attitude, [403]
  • Iliad, spatial aspect, [198]
  • Ilya Murometz, Russian saga, [201n.]
  • Image, cultural basis of idea, [216]
  • Imagination, music as channel, [220]
  • Imitation, qualities and aim, [191-194];
    • opposition to ornament, [194-196];
    • period in architecture, [197];
    • in music, [228].
    • See also [Ornament]
  • Imperialism, negative character of Roman, [36];
    • and Civilization, [36];
    • Western destiny, [37], [38];
    • origin of Western, Napoleon’s relation, [148];
    • cultural attitude, [336];
    • cultural contemporaries, table [iii]
  • Impressionism, as space, [184];
    • beginning, [239];
    • Leonardo’s relation, [277];
    • full meaning, [285-287];
    • later plein-air, [288];
    • in Wagner’s music, [292]
  • Improvisation, as manifestation, [195]
  • Incident, world, [142];
    • and destiny, [138-144];
    • and cause, [142];
    • and style of existence, [142-147];
    • as basis of Western tragedy, [143];
    • historical use, 143.
    • See also [Destiny]
  • India, Napoleon and, 150
  • Indian Culture, ahistorical basis, [11], [12], [133];
    • anonymous philosophy, [12];
    • mathematic, [84], [178];
    • sex attitude, [136];
    • attitude toward state, [137];
    • morale, passive, [315], [341], [347];
    • Buddhism and Civilization, [352];
    • spiritual epochs, table [i].
    • See also [Buddhism]; [Cultures]
  • Indo-Iranian art period, contemporaries, table [ii]
  • Infinity, and Classical mathematic, [69];
    • in Western Culture, [74-76], [81-84];
    • and new notation, [76-78];
    • limit as a relation, [86];
    • and Western science, [418], 427.
    • See also [Depth-experience]; [Space]
  • Innocent III, pope, and Western morale, 348
  • Inquisition, and Western faith, 410
  • Integral calculus. See [Calculus]
  • Intellect, and nature, 157. See also [Will]
  • Intelligence, and atheism, 409
  • Interregnum, Germanic, period as episode, 149
  • Intuition, and learning, [55], 56
  • Ionic, and Doric, [205];
    • contemporaries, tables ii, iii.
    • See also [Architecture]; [Column]
  • Irak, synagogue music, 228
  • Irrationalism, cultural attitude, [64-66], [68], 83
  • Isis, motherhood, [137];
    • cult, [406], 407
  • Islam, analogy to Mohammed, [39];
    • Mohammed as epoch, [149];
    • architectural expression, [208], [209], [211];
    • iconoclasm, [262];
    • and home, [335];
    • Mohammed’s unimposed mystic benefits, [344n.];
    • Puritanism, [356];
    • Mohammed’s contemporaries, table [i];
    • fatalism period, table [i].
    • See also [Arabian Culture]; [Religion]
  • Issus, battle, mosaic, [214]
  • Italy, liberation as episode, [151];
    • and music, [230]
  • I-Wang, contemporaries, table [iii]
  • Jacobins, and reason and will, [308]
  • Jacopo della Quercia, and ornament, [238]
  • Jahn, Friedrich L., and gymnastics, [35n.]
  • James, Henry, on ruins, [254n.]
  • Jansenism, and theoretical science, [66], [314n.];
    • Puritanism, [356];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Janus, materiality, [403]
  • Japan, harakiri, [204n.];
    • art and the nude, [262n.]
  • Jason of Pheræ, contemporaries, table [iii]
  • Jesuitism, and Baroque architecture, [313];
    • style in science, [412].
    • See also [Loyola]
  • Jesus, as Son of Man, [309];
    • and Arabian morale, [344], [347];
    • unimposed glad tidings, [344n.]
    • See also [Christianity]
  • Joachim of Floris, world-conception, [19], [229], [261];
    • and “passion”, [320n.];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • John, Saint, and world-history, 18n.;
    • dualism in Gospel, [306]
  • Journalism, as phenomenon of Civilization, [360]
  • Judaism, architectural expression, [209], [211n.];
    • psalmody, [228];
    • Kabbala, dualism, [248], [307], [312];
    • and home [335].
    • See also [Arabian Culture]
  • Judgment, and necessity, [393]
  • Julius II, pope, Raphael’s portrait, [272]
  • Juppiter Dolichenus, cult, [406n.]
  • Juppiter Feretrius, temple and oath, [406]
  • Juppiter Optimus Maximus, cult, [406]
  • Jurisprudence, esoteric Western, [328]
  • Justinian, period of fulfilment, [107];
    • and Hagia Sophia, [130n.]
  • Justus van Gent, in Italy, [236]
  • Kabbala, dualism, [248], [307]
  • Kalaam, determinism, [307]
  • Kant, Emmanuel, and space and time, [6n.], [7], [64], [122], [124-126], [143], [169], [170], [173-175];
    • and history, [19];
    • provincialism, [23];
    • contemporaries, [27], table [i];
    • final Western systematic philosophy, [45], [365-367];
    • as philosopher of Being, [49n.];
    • and nature and mathematics, [57], [64], [68], [78], [366], [379];
    • a priori error, [59];
    • mechanistic world-conception, [99];
    • and causality and destiny, [118-120], [151];
    • and the Almighty, [124];
    • and incident, [143];
    • as Goethe’s opposite, [159];
    • on knowledge of thought, [299];
    • egoism, [310], [335];
    • esoteric, [327];
    • and compassion, [350], [362];
    • and ethics, [354], [355];
    • and materialism, [368];
    • on judgment, [393];
    • on force, [413]
  • Karlstadt, Andreas R., contemporaries, table [i]
  • Karma, Buddhist interpretation, [357]
  • Karnak, contemporaries, table [ii]
  • Katharsis, Classical, [322], [347].
    • See also [Drama]
  • Kelvin, Lord, and æther, [418]
  • Kepler, Johan, mathematic and religion, [71], [330];
  • horoscope for Wallenstein, [147];
    • deeds of science, [355];
    • and mass, [415]
  • Kirchhoff, Gustav R., on physics and motions, [388]
  • Kishi, church architecture, [201n.]
  • Kismet, [129], [307].
    • See also [Destiny]
  • Klein, Felix, and groups, [90]
  • Kleist, Heinrich B. W. von, as dramatist, [290]
  • Kleisthenes of Sikyon, tyranny, [33]
  • Knowledge, comparative forms, [59], [60];
    • virtue and power, [362];
    • and feeling, [365];
    • as naming of numina, [397]
  • Kriemhild, and Helen, [268]
  • Krishna worship, and sex, [136n.]
  • Kwan-tsi, and actuality, [42]
  • Lagrange, Comte, mathematic, [66], [78], [90];
    • on mechanics, [124];
    • and force, [417];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • La Hale, Adam de, operetta, [229]
  • Landscape, as Chinese prime symbol, [174], [190], [196], [203];
    • horizon in painting, [239];
    • Western gardening, [240];
    • Baroque, as portrait 270n., [287];
    • plein-air, [288], [289];
    • and dramatic scene, [326]
  • Lanfranc, controversy, [185]
  • Langton, Stephen, as warrior, [349n.]
  • Language, of Culture, [55];
    • word and number, [57];
    • beginning of word-sense, [57];
    • paired root-words, [127];
    • personality-idea in Western, [262], [302], [309], [310], [413n.];
    • as cultural function, [302n.]
    • See also [Names]; [Writing]
  • Laocoön group, theatrical note, [291];
    • and Pre-Socratic philosophy, [305]
  • Lao-tse, and imperialism, [37];
    • and actuality, [42].
  • Laplace, Marquis Pierre de, mathematic, [78], [90];
    • contemporaries, [112], table [i];
    • and force, [413], [417]
  • Lasso, Orlando, style, [230]
  • Lateran Council, and Western Christianity, [247]
  • Latin, as Stoic creation, [361]
  • Lavoisier, Antoine L., chemistry, [384], [426]
  • Law, and form, [97]
  • League of Nations, Chinese ideas, [37]
  • Learning, and intuition, [55], [56]
  • Legends, contemporary, table [i]
  • Legnano, battle, a symbol, [349]
  • Leibl, Wilhelm, significance of colour, [252];
    • portraiture, [266];
    • and body, [271];
    • and grand style, [289-291];
    • etching, [290];
    • striving, [292]
  • Leibniz, Baron von, and actuality, [42];
    • mathematics, metaphysics, and religion, [56], [66], [70], [126], [366], [394];
    • relation to Classical mathematic, [69];
    • calculus, [75], [78], [82], [84], [90];
    • and vision, [105];
    • and Nicholas of Cusa, [236];
    • esoteric, [327];
    • and mystic philosophy, [365n.];
    • monads as quanta of action, [385];
    • Democritus as contemporary, [386];
    • and force, [413], [415-417];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Leipzig, battle, issue, [35]
  • Lenbach, Franz von, copyist, [295]
  • Le Nôtre, André, gardening, [240n.], [241]
  • Leo III, pope, and iconoclasm, [262]
  • Leochares, contemporary mathematic, [90]
  • Leonardo da Vinci, astronomical theory, [69];
    • spirituality, [128];
    • Dutch influence, [236];
    • and background, [237];
    • and impressionism, [239], [287];
    • and sculpture, [244];
    • colour, [246];
    • and body, [271];
    • and portrait, [272];
    • as dissatisfied thinker, [274];
    • discovery as basis of art, [277-279];
    • and circulation of the blood, [278];
    • and aviation, [279];
    • Western soul and technical limitation, [279-281];
    • and dynamics, [414]
  • Lessing, Gotthold E., world-conception, [20];
    • and cultural contrasts, [128];
    • and Aristotle’s philanthropy, [351];
    • and cult and dogma, [411]
  • Lessing, Karl F., colour, [252]
  • Leucippus, atoms, [135], [385], [386]
  • Li, contemporaries, table [iii]
  • Licinian Laws, myth, [11]
  • Life, and soul and world, [54];
    • duration, specific time-value, [108];
    • duration applied to Culture, [109];
    • Classical Culture and duration, [132];
    • and willing, [315].
    • See also [Death]
  • Light and shadow, cultural art attitude, [242n.], [283], [325n.]
  • Light theories, electro-magnetic, [156n.];
    • Newton’s, and Goethe’s theory of colour, [157n.], [158n.];
    • cultural basis, [381];
    • contradictory, [418]
  • Limit, as a relation, [86]
  • Linden, as symbol, [396]
  • Lingam. See [Phallus]
  • Lingayats, sect, [136n.]
  • Ling-yan-si, Saints, [260]
  • Linois, Comte de, and India, [150n.]
  • Lippi, Filippino, Dutch influence, [236]
  • Liszt, Franz, Catholicism, [268n.];
    • contemporaries, table [ii]
  • Literature. See [Art]; [Drama]; [History]; [Poetry]; writers by name, especially [Dante]; [Goethe]; [Ibsen]
  • Livy, on strange gods, [405]
  • Lochner, Stephen, God-feeling, [395]
  • Locke, John, and imperialism, [150];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Loggia dei Lanzi, artistic sentiment, [272]
  • Logarithms, liberation, [88]
  • Logic, organic and inorganic, [3], [117];
    • of time and space, [7];
    • and mathematics, convergence, [57], [427];
    • and morale, [354].
    • See also [Causality]
  • Logicians, contemporaries, table [i]
  • Lokoyata, contemporaries, table [i]
  • London, culture city, [33]
  • Loredano, doge, portrait, [272]
  • Lorentz, Hendrik A., and Relativity, [419]
  • Lorenzo de’ Medici, and music, [230]
  • Lotze, Rudolf H., ethics, [367]
  • Louis XIV, uncleanliness, [260];
    • contemporaries, table [iii]
  • Louisiana, Napoleon’s project, [150]
  • Loyola, Ignatius, and style of the Church, [148];
    • architectural parallel, [314];
    • and Western morale, [348];
    • God-feeling, [394], [395];
    • and method, [412]
  • Lucca, and Arabian Culture, [216]
  • Lucian, and Philopatris dialogue, [404n.]
  • Lucullus, L., army, [36]
  • Ludovisi Villa, garden, [240]
  • Lully, Raymond, music, [283]
  • Luther, Martin, and “know”, [123];
    • and destiny, [141];
    • as epoch, [149];
    • and works, [316n.];
    • and Western morale, [348], [349], [355];
    • God-feeling, [394], [395];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Luxor, contemporaries, table [ii]
  • Lycurgus, myth, [11]
  • Lysander, deification, [405]
  • Lysias, portrait, [270]
  • Lysicrates, Monument of, acanthus motive, [215]
  • Lysippus, contemporary mathematic, [90];
    • sculpture, [226], [260n.];
    • period, [284];
    • canon, [287];
    • straining, [291];
    • irreligion, [358];
    • contemporaries, table [ii]
  • Lysistratus, and portraiture, [269]
  • Machault, Guillaume de, and counterpoint, [229n.]
  • Machiavellism, and mimicry, [371]
  • Macpherson, James, autumnal accent, [241]
  • Macrocosm, idea, [163-165];
    • cultural and intercultural, [165];
    • expression, [180];
    • and style-problem, [214-216].
    • See also [History]; [Morphology]; [Nature]; [Symbolism]; [World-conceptions]
  • Maderna, Stefano, sculpture, [244];
    • God-feeling, [395]
  • Madonna, in Western art, [136], [267], [280].
    • See also [Marycult]; [Motherhood]
  • Madrid, culture city, [32], [109]
  • Madrigals, character, [229]
  • Mæcenas, park, [34]
  • Magdeburg Cathedral, Viking Gothic, [213]
  • Magian soul, explained, [183]. See also [Arabian Culture]
  • Magnetism, Cabeo’s theory, [414]
  • Magnitude, emancipation of Western mathematic, [74-78];
    • and relations, [84], [86]
  • Mahavansa, as historical work, [12]
  • Mainz Cathedral, and styles, [205]
  • Makart, Hans, copyist, [295]
  • Malatestas, Hellenic sorriness, [273]
  • Malthus, Thomas R., and Darwinism, [350], [369], [371]
  • Manchester system, and Western Civilization, [151], [371];
    • and Darwinism, [369]
  • Mandæans, as Arabian, [72];
    • music, [228];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Manet, Édouard, unpopularity, [35];
    • and body, [271];
    • landscapes, [288];
    • plein-air painting, [288-290];
    • weak style, [291];
    • striving, [292];
    • and Wagner, [292];
    • irreligion, [358]
  • Mani, and mystic benefits, [344n.];
    • and Jesus, [347];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Manichæanism, as Arabian, [72];
    • architectural expression, [209], [211];
    • music, [228];
    • dualism, [306];
    • and home, [335]
  • Mankind, as abstraction, [21], [46]
  • Mantegna, Andrea, technique, [221], [239];
    • and colour, [242];
    • and portrait, [271];
    • and statics, [414]
  • Marble, and later Western sculpture, [232], [276n.];
    • Greek use, [248n.], [253];
    • Michelangelo’s attitude, [276].
    • See also [Stone]
  • Marcellus II, pope, and Church music, [268n.]
  • Marcion, and Jesus, [347];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Marcus Aurelius, and monotheistic tendency, [407]
  • Marées, Hans, significance of colour, [252];
    • portraiture, [266], [271], [271n.], [309];
    • and grand style, [289], [290];
    • striving, [292]
  • Marenzio, Luca, music, [251]
  • Marius, C., and economic motive, [36];
    • contemporaries, table [iii]
  • Mars Ultor, temple, ornament, [215]
  • Marseillaise, morale, [355]
  • Marsyas, Myron’s, lack of depth, [226]
  • Marwitz, Friedrich A. L. von der, and Hardenberg, [150n.]
  • Marx, Karl, and practical philosophy, [45];
    • and earlier and final Socialism, [138];
    • and superficially incidental, [144];
    • character of Nihilism, [352], [357];
    • and Hegelianism, [367];
    • socio-economic ethics, [372], [373];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Mary-cult, as symbol, [136];
    • Madonna in Western art, [267], [280]
  • Masaccio, and artistic change, [237], [279], [287]
  • Mashetta, castle, façade, [215]
  • Mask, and Classical drama, [316], [317n.], [318], [323]
  • ass, Western functional concept, [415];
    • effect of quantum theory, [419]
  • Materialism, and Goethe’s living nature, [111n.];
    • Buddhism as, [356];
    • in Western ethics, [368];
    • and Socialism, [370]
  • Mathematics, spatial concept, [6n.], [7];
    • plurality, cultural basis, [15], [59-63], [67], [70], [101], [314];
    • position, [56];
    • and extension, [56];
    • and nature, [57];
    • wider-culture vision and analogy, [57], [58];
    • beginning of number-sense, [59];
    • as art, [61], [62], [70];
    • vision, [61];
    • of Classical Culture, positive, measurable numbers, [63-65], [69], [77];
    • and time and becoming, [64], [125], [126];
    • symbolism in Classical, [65-67], [70];
    • religious analogy, [66], [70], [394];
    • and empirical observation, [67];
    • character of Arabian, [71-73];
    • primitive levels, [73];
    • Western, and infinite functions, [74-76];
    • Western need of new notation, [76];
    • as expression of world-fear, [79-81];
    • and Western meaning of space, [81-84], [88];
    • and proportion and function, [84];
    • construction versus function, [85];
    • virtuosity, [85];
    • and physiognomic morphology, [85];
    • Western, and limit as a relation, [86];
    • Western abstraction, [86], [87];
    • Western conflict with perception limitations, [87], [170], [171];
    • culmination of Western, groups, [89], [90], [426];
    • paradigm of Classical and Western, [90];
    • and the how, what, and when, [126];
    • cultural relation to art, [129], [130];
    • Classical sculpture and Western music as, [284];
    • impressionism, [286];
    • vector and Baroque art, [311];
    • esoteric Western, [328];
    • and philosophy, [366];
    • replacement by economics, [367];
    • theory of aggregates, and logic, [426];
    • cultural contemporary epochs, table [i].
    • See also Nature; Number; branches by name
  • Matter. See [Body]; [Natural science]
  • Matthew Passion. See [Schütz, Heinrich]
  • Maxwell-Hertz equations, [418]
  • Maya Culture. See [Mexican]
  • Mayer, Julius Robert, and theory, [378];
    • and conservation of energy, [393], [412], [417]
  • Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal, morale, [349]
  • Mazdaism, as Arabian, [209];
    • architectural expression, [211];
    • and pneuma, [216];
    • music, [228];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Mazdak, contemporaries, table [i]
  • Meander, motive, [316], [345]
  • Mechanics, and fourth dimension, [124].
    • See also [Motion]; [Natural science]
  • Mediæval History, as term, [16], [22]
  • Medicis, Hellenic sorriness, [273]
  • Megalopolitanism, and Civilization of a Culture, [32-35], [38];
    • and systematism, [102].
    • See also [Civilization]
  • Melody, Classical and Western, [227]
  • Memlinc, Hans, in Italy, [236];
    • and Renaissance, [274]
  • Memory, conception, [103];
    • as organ of history, [132];
    • as term, [132]
  • Mencius, practical philosophy, [45]
  • Mendicant Orders, as exception, [348]
  • Menes, contemporaries, table [iii]
  • Menzel, Adolf F. E., and body, [271];
    • impressionism, [286];
    • and grand style, [290], [291]
  • Merovingian-Carolingian Era, contemporary art epochs, table [ii]
  • Mesopotamia, synagogues, [210]
  • Messenians, provided history, [11]
  • Metaphysics, and scientific research, [154];
    • and symbolism, [163];
    • Western and pairs of concepts, [311];
    • basis of Classical, [311];
    • period in philosophy, [365-367].
    • See also [Ethics]; [Philosophy].
  • Mexican (Maya) Culture, and historical scheme, [16], [18];
    • and time measurement, [134n.];
    • ornament, [196];
    • and tutelage, [213]
  • Meyer, Eduard, on Spengler, [x];
    • on Classical Culture and geography, [10n.]
  • Meyerbeer, Giacomo, Rossini on Huguenots, [293]
  • Michelangelo, liberation of architecture, beginning of Baroque, [87], [206], [225]n., [313];
    • materiality, obsession by the architectural, [128];
    • St. Peter’s, [206], [238];
    • and passing of sculpture, [223], [244];
    • anticipations, [263];
    • and physiognomy of muscles, [264];
    • nude, and portrait, [272];
    • sonnets, [273];
    • as dissatisfied thinker, [274];
    • unsuccessful quest of the Classical, [275-277], [281];
    • and marble, [276];
    • architecture as final expression, [277];
    • and popularity, [327];
    • God-feeling, [395];
    • contemporaries, table [ii]
  • Michelozzo, Bartolommeo di, and Classical, [415]
  • Michelson, Albert A., experiments, [419]
  • Middle Kingdom, contemporaries, tables [i-iii]
  • Milesians, physical theory, [386]
  • Miletus, form-type of Didymæum, [204];
    • and Egypt, [225]
  • Milinda, King, and Nagasena, [356]
  • Military art, Western, [333n.]
  • Mill, John Stuart, and economic ascendency, [367], [373]
  • Millennianism, as Western phenomenon, [363], [423]
  • Mineralogy, and geology, [96]
  • Minerva Medica, Syrian workmen, [211]
  • Ming-Chu, contemporaries, table [iii]
  • Ming-ti, contemporaries, table [iii]
  • Minkowski, Hermann, imaginary time, [124n.];
    • and Relativity, [419]
  • Minnesänger, rules, [193];
    • imitative music, [229]
  • Mino da Fiesole, and portrait, [272]
  • Minoan art, character, [198];
    • contemporaries, [241]
  • Minstrels, imitative music, [229]
  • Mirabeau, Comte de, and imperialism, [149];
    • contemporaries, table [iii]
  • Miracles, cultural attitude toward, [392], [393]
  • Missionarism, Stoic, [344n.];
    • and diatribe, [360]
  • Mithraists, and pneuma, [216];
    • form-language of mithræa, [224];
    • music, [228];
    • cult in Rome, [406], [406n.]
  • Mitylene, episode and Classical time-sense, [133n.]
  • Moab, Castle of Mashetta, [215]
  • Modern History, as irrational term, [16-18]
  • Mörike, Eduard, poetry, [289]
  • Mohammed. See [Islam]
  • Moissac, church ornamentation, [199]
  • Molière, tragic method, [318]
  • Mommsen, Theodor, on Classical historians, [11];
    • narrow Classicalism, [28]
  • Monasticism, and Western morale, [316n.];
    • order-movement, [343];
    • mendicant orders, [348]
  • Money, Roman conception, [33];
    • as hall-mark of Civilization, [34-36]
  • Monophysites, Islam as heir, [211];
    • as alchemistic problem, [383];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Monteverde, Claudio, music, [226], [230], [249], [283]
  • Morale, plurality, cultural basis, no conversions, [315], [345-347];
    • Western, and activity, [315];
    • and analysis, [341];
    • Western moral imperative, [341], [342];
    • intellectual and unconscious concepts, [341n.];
    • Western purposeful motion, ethic of deed, [342-344], [347];
    • Western Christian, [344], [348];
    • and art, [344];
    • morphology, [346];
    • compassion, cultural types of manly virtue, [347-351];
    • real and presumed, phrases and meanings, [348];
    • Classical, and happiness, [351];
    • instinctive and problematic, tragic and plebeian, [354], [355];
    • end phenomena, cultural basis, [356-359];
    • Civilization and diatribe, [359], [360];
    • and diet, [361];
    • qualities and aim of Socialism, [361-364];
    • and cultural atomic theories, [386].
    • See also [Ethics]; [Spirit]
  • Moravians, as exception, [348]
  • Morphology, Spengler and historical, [xi];
    • concept of historical, [5-8], [26], [39];
    • historical, and symbolism, [46];
    • historical, ignored, [47];
    • symmetry, [47];
    • historical and natural, [48];
    • historical, Western study of comparative, [50], [159];
    • comparative, knowledge forms, [60];
    • of mathematical operations, [85];
    • systematic and physiognomic, [100], [101], [121];
    • of world-history explained, [101];
    • of Cultures, [104];
    • historical homology, [111], [112];
    • element of causal and destiny, [121];
    • of morales, [346];
    • of history of philosophy, [364-374];
    • of exact sciences, [425]
  • Mortality. See [Death]
  • Mosaic, as cultural expression, [214];
    • and Arabian gold background, [247];
    • eyes, [329];
    • contemporaries, table [ii]
  • Mosque, architectural characteristics, [200], [210];
    • contemporaries, table [ii]
  • Motherhood, cultural attitude, meaning, [136], [137];
    • and destiny, portraiture, [267]
  • Mo-ti, practical philosophy, [45]
  • Motion, and fourth dimension, [124];
    • Eleatic difficulty, [305n.];
    • and natural science, [377], [387-391].
    • See also [Natural science]
  • Motion pictures, and Western character, [322]
  • Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, contemporary mathematic, [78], [90];
    • period, [108], [284];
    • orchestration, [231];
    • colour expression, [252n.];
    • ease, [292];
    • contemporaries, table [ii]
  • Mummies, as symbol, [12], [13], [135]
  • Murillo, Bartolomé, period, [283]
  • Murtada, and will, [311]
  • Museums, as historical symbols, [135];
    • change in meaning of word, [136]
  • Music, thoroughbass and geometry, [61];
    • mathematical relation, [62], [63];
    • of Baroque period, [78];
    • and proportion and function, [84];
    • bodilessness of Western, development, [97], [177], [230], [231], [283];
    • history of instruments, [195];
    • Western church, as architectural ornament, [196], [199];
    • as art of form, [219], [221n.];
    • and allegory, [219n.];
    • as channel for imagination, [220];
    • Classical, [223], [227], [252n.];
    • form-ideal of Western, [225];
    • technical contrast of Classical and Western, [227n.];
    • word and organism, cultural basis, [227], [228];
    • Arabian, [228];
    • Chinese, [228];
    • imitation and ornament, [228];
    • ornamental and imitative Western, [229];
    • secularization, thoroughbass, [230];
    • of Renaissance, [234];
    • Flemish influence in Italy, [236];
    • and horizon in painting, [239];
    • pastoral, and gardening, [240];
    • esoteric Western, [243];
    • as Western prime phenomenon, [244], [281-284];
    • and Western painting, [250], [251];
    • instruments and colour expression, [252];
    • instrumental as historical expression, [255];
    • and uncleanliness, [260n.];
    • and portrait, [262], [266];
    • Catholic, [268n.];
    • Michelangelo’s tendency, [277];
    • Western, and Classical free sculpture, [283], [284];
    • climacteric instruments, [284];
    • and Rococo architecture, [285];
    • impressionism, [285], [286];
    • and later German school of painting, [289];
    • Wagner and death of Western, [291], [293];
    • his impressionism, [292];
    • and Western soul, [305];
    • and Western concept of God, [312];
    • and character, [314];
    • place of organ, [396];
    • Western contemporary natural science, [417];
    • contemporary cultural epochs, table [ii].
    • See also [Art]
  • Muspilli, and Northern myths, [400], [423]
  • Mutazilites, contemporaries, table [i]
  • Mycenæ, funeral customs, [135];
    • contemporaries, tables, ii, iii
  • Mycerinus, dynasty, [58n.]
  • Myron, sculpture as planar art, [225], [226], [283];
    • Discobolus, [263], [264]
  • Mysteries, Classical, [320]. See also [Religion]
  • Mysticism, art association, [229];
    • and dualism, [307];
    • cultural culmination, [365n.];
    • and concept of force, [391];
    • contemporaries, table [i]
  • Myth, natural science as, [378], [387]
  • Mythology, significance in Classical Culture, [10], [11], [13];
    • origin, [57].
    • See also [Religion]